Cardiovascular regulation reading 2

Question 1

Intrinsic regulation of cardiac output results from mechanisms ______ the heart.

Answer 1

within

Question 2

Extrinsic regulation of the heart requires involvement of ______.

Answer 2

hormones

the nervous system

Question 3

Extrinsic regulation of the heart includes ______.

Answer 3

adrenal medulla secretions

autonomic reflexes

Question 4

An increase in venous return to the heart leads to a(n) ______ in preload and therefore a(n) ______ in stroke volume.

Answer 4

increase, increase

Question 5

The amount of tension in the ventricular myocardium immediately before it begins to contract is called what?

Answer 5

Preload

Question 6

The Starling law of the heart describes the relationship between ______ and the pumping effectiveness of the heart.

Answer 6

preload

Question 7

Neural and hormonal influences on the heart include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Answer 7

somatic reflexes

Question 8

The blood pressure in the great arteries determines which of the following?

Answer 8

Afterload

Question 9

The Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to the ______.

Answer 9

end-diastolic volume

Question 10

With exercise, venous return will _____.

Answer 10

increase

Question 11

Extrinsic regulation of the heart includes ______.

Answer 11

adrenal medulla secretions

autonomic reflexes

Question 12

Which force impedes the opening of the semilunar valves and opposes ventricular ejection?

Answer 12

Afterload

Question 13

Which autonomic system(s) innervate(s) the heart?

Answer 13

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

Question 14

Identify the measurements that will increase with exercise.

Answer 14

Preload

Force of contraction

Cardiac output

Question 15

What variables are kept in homeostatic ranges through extrinsic regulation of the heart?

Answer 15

Blood pressure

Blood chemistry

Question 16

True or False: The sympathetic division of the ANS has a much larger influence on the heart.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

The vagus nerve conveys signals from the ______ nervous system to the heart.

Answer 17

parasympathetic

Question 18

The division of the nervous system that has an inhibitory effect on the heart is the what nervous system?

Answer 18

parasympathetic

Question 19

Parasympathetic effects on the heart are via ______.

Answer 19

acetylcholine

Question 20

The cardiac nerves convey signals from the ______ nervous system to the heart.

Answer 20

sympathetic

Question 21

The what nerve conveys parasympathetic signals to the heart?

Answer 21

vagus

Question 22

What variables are kept in homeostatic ranges through extrinsic regulation of the heart?

Answer 22

Blood pressure

Blood chemistry

Question 23

The parasympathetic nervous system’s main effect on the heart is the decrease in ______.

Answer 23

heart rate

Question 24

Baroreceptor information reaches the cardioregulatory center primarily through what two cranial nerves?

Answer 24

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

Question 25

An increase in contractility caused by the sympathetic stimulation will result in increased ______.

Answer 25

stroke volume

Question 26

If the heart rate is above a critical level, stroke volume actually decreases because ______.

Answer 26

end-diastolic volume decreases

Question 27

Hormones from the adrenal medulla have what effects on the heart?

Answer 27

Increased rate Increased contractility Increased stroke volume

Question 28

In maintaining homeostasis, regulation of the pumping action of the heart ensures ______.

Answer 28

the metabolic demands of tissues are maintained

Question 29

The area of the medulla that specifically increases the heart rate is called the ______ center.

Answer 29

cardioacceleratory

Question 30

The area of the medulla oblongata that specifically decreases the heart rate is called the what center?

Answer 30

cardioregulatory or cardioinhibitory

Question 31

The cardioacceleratory area _____ heart rate and is found in the _____.

Answer 31

increases, medulla oblongata

Question 32

The peripheral chemoreceptors that respond to oxygen levels of the blood and regulate heart activity are located in ______.

Answer 32

structures near the carotids and aortic arch

Question 33

Chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies respond primarily to levels of ______.

Answer 33

oxygen

Question 34

A drop in pH and rise in carbon dioxide _______ heart rate.

Answer 34

increases