Energy and metabolism reading

Question 1

______ energy refers to the kind of energy that is stored within something, whereas ______ energy is energy associated with movement.

Answer 1

Potential; kinetic

Question 2

The …, energy of a ball is converted to kinetic energy as the ball falls to the floor.

Answer 2

potential

Question 3

The capacity to do work is referred to as ______.

Answer 3

energy

Question 4

True or false: Kinetic energy is stored energy.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

The energy of motion is what type of energy?

Answer 5

Kinetic

Question 6

A form of energy resulting from the position or movement of an object would be ______ energy.

Answer 6

mechanical

Question 7

Potential energy stored in bonds of molecules is _____ energy.

Answer 7

chemical

Question 8

Energy contained in an object due to its position or state is referred to as _____ energy.

Answer 8

potential

Question 9

True or false: When ATP is broken down, the energy that is transferred from this reaction can be used to synthesize molecules, perform work or produce heat.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

When energy flows between objects of two different temperatures, this is called ______ energy.

Answer 10

heat

Question 11

To move matter is the definition of ______.

Answer 11

work

Question 12

In order to get energy (ATP) from food molecules in the final stage of respiration, humans require _____.

Answer 12

oxygen

Question 13

Movements, such as waving your arm, breathing, or pumping blood, all involve _____ energy.

Answer 13

mechanical

Question 14

True or false: Carbon dioxide is formed when organic molecules such as glucose are metabolized by the cell.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Accumulation of carbon dioxide in cells is ______.

Answer 15

toxic

Question 16

Identify the uses of energy when ATP is broken down.

Answer 16

Production of heat

The synthesis or breakdown of molecules

Performing work such as opening a channel

Question 17

Identify the importance of O2 in the human body. O2 is necessary to ______.

Answer 17

extract energy (ATP) from food molecules

Question 18

The energy molecule that is produced by cellular respiration and used in metabolic reactions is?

Answer 18

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 19

When molecules such as glucose are metabolized by cells, the molecule ______ is formed as a principle waste product.

Answer 19

carbon dioxide

Question 20

The primary energy molecule of the body that carries energy in high energy covalent bonds between phosphate molecules is _____.

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a class of nutrients?

Answer 21

Enzymes

Question 22

What is an ingested substance used by the body to produce energy and to provide building blocks for new molecules?

Answer 22

Nutrient

Question 23

Choose examples of essential nutrients. Select all that apply.

Answer 23

Water
Minerals
Most vitamins

Question 24

The term for the overall process by which the body obtains and utilizes components of food is?

Answer 24

nutrition

Question 25

Nutrients that the body needs but is incapable of synthesizing in adequate amounts are called ________ nutrients.

Answer 25

essential

Question 26

One thousand calories is called a Calorie (capital C) or a?

Answer 26

kilocalorie or kcal

Question 27

By definition, one _____ is the amount of energy (heat) required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

Answer 27

calorie

Question 28

Lipids or fats provide...kcal/gm of energy.

Answer 28

nine or 9

Question 29

A Calorie and a kilocalorie are both equivalent to how many calories?

Answer 29

1000

Question 30

In the typical U.S. diet, what is the relative order of consumption of the following nutrients (least % to most %)?

Answer 30

1. proteins 2. Lipids 3. carbohydrates

Question 31

Carbohydrates and proteins provide...kcal/g of energy.

Answer 31

4 or four

Question 32

Anabolism and catabolism are parts of ______.

Answer 32

metabolism

Question 33

The term used for all energy-releasing chemical reactions that break large molecules into smaller molecules is?

Answer 33

catabolism

Question 34

The production of ATP, cell division, and the manufacture of hormones are all examples of _____ reactions.

Answer 34

anabolic

Question 35

Digestion of foods and glycolysis are both good examples of _____ reactions.

Answer 35

catabolic

Question 36

A molecule is _____ when it gains electrons, and a molecule is _____ when it loses electrons.

Answer 36

reduced, oxidized

Question 37

During the ______ state, glucose is obtained through absorption of digested carbohydrates, whereas during the ______ state, glucose is maintained by the conversion of other molecules.

Answer 37

absorptive, post absorptive

Question 38

The production of ATP, cell division, and the manufacture of hormones are all examples of _____ reactions.

Answer 38

anabolic

Question 39

Events of the absorptive state include ______. Select all that apply.

Answer 39

glucose converted to glycogen synthesis of proteins triglycerides stored in adipose tissue

Question 40

When glycogen and fat reserves are gone, the body uses ______ for energy.

Answer 40

proteins

Question 41

Glycogenesis, triglycerides storage, and the use of glucose for fuel occurs during the ______ state.

Answer 41

absorptive

Question 42

The factors that can directly influence body weight are ______. Select all that apply.

Answer 42

proportion of fat in diet physical activity kilocalorie input

Question 43

Identify the factors that can affect basal metabolic rate. Select all that apply.

Answer 43

Percent of muscle tissue versus adipose Age Levels of thyroid hormone

Question 44

If the daily input of energy is less than the expenditure of energy, a person would... weight.

Answer 44

lose

Question 45

The thermic effect of food accounts for about how much of the body's energy expenditure?

Answer 45

10%

Question 46

True or False: The energy cost of digesting and absorbing food as well as the synthesis of new molecules is called the thermic effect of food.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

The factors that decrease BMR are ______. Select all that apply.

Answer 47

increased age diets and fasting

Question 48

To increase the basal metabolic rate, a person can choose which of the following?

Answer 48

Increased level of physical activity