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cardiorehabilitation > cardiovascular system 1 - assessment part of PT2 > Flashcards

cardiovascular system 1 - assessment part of PT2 Flashcards

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1
Q

the heart has 5 chambered
true or false?

A

false, 4

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2
Q

what kind of muscle is the myocardium?

A

straited muscle

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3
Q

The cavities forming the
right side of the heart
have two important
functions
what are they?

A
  1. It collects blood from the
    body.
  2. Ventilate the blood with
    the pulmonary circulation
    and send it to the lungs
    to clean it.
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4
Q

how the heart is separated into the right and left parts ?

A

by septum

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5
Q

located outside the
heart. It prevents the return of blood to the
heart during regeneration (regurgitation)

what is it?

A

Semilunar caps

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6
Q

what are the atrioventricular caps?

A

tricuspid between the right atrium and the right ventricular

mitral or bicuspid between left atrium and left ventricular

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7
Q

Right after atrial contraction, the ventricles contract
true or false?

A

true

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8
Q

how much the heart caps remain closed?

A

0.02-0.06 seconds

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9
Q

what is the isometric phase?

A

ventricular pressure increases and
exceeds arterial pressure, blood is
removed from the heart

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10
Q

the heart volume and fiber length are increased during isometric phase
true or false?

A

false, not changed

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11
Q

The blood pumped from the left
ventricle to the muscular aorta is
distributed to the body with small
arteries called?

A

arterioles

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12
Q

how the walls of the smooth muscles in the arterioles are placed?

A

as a circular layers

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13
Q

Arterioles regulate peripheral blood flow through?

A

contraction and relaxation

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14
Q

A blood flow enters the aorta with every contraction
of the?

A

left ventricle

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15
Q

Some of the blood pumped from the heart is stored
in?

A

aorta

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16
Q

what causes a pressure wave to reach distant branches of the arterial down from the aorta?

A

stored blood in the aorta

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17
Q

Heart pulsation and heart rate are the same.
true or false?

A

true

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18
Q

120 mmHg at rest is related to which measurement?

A

The maximum pressure on the heart during each systole or contraction of the left ventricle

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19
Q

what is the reference point used to determine the maximum pressure of contraction of left ventricle?

A

brachial artery at the level of the right atrium

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20
Q

blood pressure is decreased, and heart is filled with blood and the heart is relaxed in?

A

diastolic pressure

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21
Q

contraction of heart, blood pressure rises, and blood moves along vessels in?

A

systolic pressure

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22
Q

which pressure gives an idea
about the load of the heart and its
tension against the arterial wall
during ventricular contraction?

A

sytocilic

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23
Q

When the heart relaxes, the aortic
vessels?

A

close

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24
Q

the arterial blood pressure
drops to 70-80 mmHg in?

A

diastolic pressure

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25
what is The mean systolic and diastolic pressure for young adults?
120-80 mmhg
26
what shows the average force applied to the arterial wall of the blood throughout the entire cardiac cycle?
Mean arterial pressure
27
what is precapillary sphincter?
diameter of the capillary opening is controlled by a smooth muscle ring
28
Blood from the upper and lower half of the body is pumped into the lungs through the ?
pulmonary artery
29
state when the blood pressure reaches the average and when it reaches zero?
reaches the average at the end of the arterioles of the capillaries= 30 mmhg blood reaches dropped down to zero at the right atrium.
30
why The walls of the veins may be less enlarged?
Because the venous system works with low pressure
31
how much, the venous system contains of the total blood volume at rest?
65%
32
inability of the blood flow to resist gravity especially in the vertical veins of the lower extremities is?
varicose vein
33
The amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in 1 min is?
cardiac output
34
what is the resting heart rate?
5 L / min
35
Cardiac output= Heart Rate x Stroke Volume true or false?
true
36
how much stroke volume is less in women than men?
25%
37
Maximum stroke volume is achieved in 40-50% of VO2max true or false?
true
38
increase Diastolic filling & Sistolic ejaculation are related to?
stroke volume
39
what is the Starling's law?
Ability to adapt heart to different blood quantities and, Relationship between contraction force & resting length of muscle fibers
40
what is the cardiac output to the muscles during rest and exercise at rest?
at rest= 1000 ml at exercise= 21000 ml
41
there is greater resistance to blood flow in upper extremities than in the lower extremities true or false?
true
42
more dystolic pressure is required for blood flow to the arms during exercise true or false?
false, sytosolic
43
more dystolic pressure is required for blood flow to the arms during exercise true or false?
false, systolic
44
The largest volumes of blood flow in the left coronary artery feed a small portion of the
left atrium and ventricle and right ventricle.
45
The right coronary artery mostly feeds the?
right atrium and the ventricle
46
At rest, normal blood flow in the myocardium is ?
200-250 mL per minute
47
coronary blood flow is approximately 2.5 times higher than in diastole during systole true or false?
true
48
heart is aerobically limited in energy generation true or false?
false, anaerobically
49
The heart provides almost all of its energy from aerobic reactions true or false?
true
50
what is the primary source of ATP resorption in the heart?
lipid catabolism
51
what is the double product for Determination of Myocardial job?
⚫ The development of tension of myocardium and contractility ⚫ heart rate
52
Double product= Systolic blood pressure x heart rate true or false?
true
53
A higher double product is obtained in lower extremity exercises than in resistance training and arm exercises true or ffalse?
false, the opposite
54
Observation History Main complaints are objective assessments true or false?
false, subjective
55
what are the objective assessments?
Inspection, palpation: Skin, inflammation Structure and function/Neurological disturbances Activity evaluation Participation evaluation Endurance/cardiopulmonary state assessment Special tests (STREAM: the stroke rehabilitation assessment of movement scale)
56
Bed mobility Transfers Mobility with wheelchair Ambulation are related to?
Assessment of disability
57
what are Acute Term Precautions?
Positioning Edema control Family education Orthosis Prevention of hemiplegic side neglect Chest PTR
58
If the patient is stable, exercises start within ?
first 48 hrs
59
In hemorrhages, resorbtion of the bleeding is waited! (approximately 3-10 days) true or false?
false, 7-10 days
60
in positioning for hemiplegic patient the Affected shoulder should be at the midline for flexion and abduction true or false?
true
61
Affected elbow, wrist and fingers should be positioned in hemiplegic patient in?
extension
62
which one is incorrect for positioning? - forearm in neutral +supination - hip and knees in neutral+ slight flexion - hip position for rotation in neutral +slight adduction - ankle is positioned in neutral via orthosis to prevent DF
hip position for rotation in neutral + slight ADDuction it should be slight ABDuction
63
what are the exercises done for acute term?
PROM, slight stretching Bed mobility and sitting tasks can start. Ambulation if the patient’s hemodynamic state is proper.
64
what are the indications of shoulder subluxation in acute term?
A gap between the affected side humerus and acromion is palpated. Glenohumeral joint instability Pain
65
how can we treat shoulder subluxation?
positioning support bandaging ES, like FES for supraspinatus and posterior deltoid
66
atypical improvement in the upper extremity recovery! Increased tone in the distal extremities, Decreased tone in proximal extremities Atrophy are indications of what?
brachial plexus injuries
67
how can we treat brachial plexus?
AROM and PROM Positioning (via pillow): Shoulders 45 degree externally rotated 90 degree elbow flexion Forearm neutral position
68
what are the indications for SHS?
Pain Stiffness Hyperesthesia Vasomotor signs Sudomotor dysfunction
69
Touch, motion, emotional stress, pain (+) Edema on top of hand (+) MCP joint sensitivity (+) Redness, heat and dry hand at the beginning, progress to cold, wet and pale hand. (+) Pain with the passive movement! (+) are related to?
the first phase of SHS
70
what are the 2nd phase of SHS?
Atrophy starts Contracture develops Stiffness and edema Cold skin Dystrophic naik changes
71
when it is the irreversible phase of SHS?
it is the 3rd phase
72
Irreversible phase Increase in atrophy Increase in contracture (ankylosis) Pain might pass No function in extremity are the clinical changes of the third phase of SHS true or false?
true
73
in SHS there is sympathetic hyposensitivity and dystrophic changes true or false?
false, hypersensitivity
74
Localized swelling Limitation (extension contracture) are related to ?
HO
75
A rare complication of the upper extremity. Can develop after clot at the superficial veins or irritation of the medication injections is?
THROMBOFLEBIT
76
Intravenous applications and blood pressure control should be applied to healthy arm. to prevent?
THROMBOFLEBIT
77
Lower extremities should be evaluated to test the edema, heat and color changes, diameter differences, sensitivity and pain with movement for early diagnosis of?
DVT
78
how can we prevent DVT?
Proper anti-embolic socks Early ambulation Straight position
79
how can we treat DVT?
Bed rest (all treatments are interrupted for a week period). Only medical intervention. Leg elevation Continuation of the ADL
80
the severity of depression related to the distance of brain lesion to the ?
frontal region
81
what are other complications of hemiplegic patients?
depression communication problems cognitive problems neglect Apraxia
82
Left parietal stroke: ‘’dressing apraxia’’ Right parietal stroke: ‘’constructional apraxia’’, visuo-spatial deficit, duplicating deficit true or false?
true
83
apraxia common in wide right hemisphere lesions however, neglect syndrome is common in left hemisphere lesions true or false?
false, the opposite
84
Spatial and visual attention disorder are ?
neglect syndrome
85
Insufficient hip flexion Insufficient knee flexion Insufficient ankle dorsiflexion are seen in which phase for ambulation disturbance?
swing phase
86
in stance phase for disturbed ambulation we see?
Insufficient lateral flexion of the trunk Defect in pelvic rotation + Fall on the healthy side pelvis + Knee instability and retraction + Equine or varus in foot +

cardiorehabilitation (6 decks)

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