Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Components

Answer 1

HEART
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD

Question 2

Heart

Answer 2

Pumps blood into the arteries

Question 3

Blood Vessels

Answer 3

Carry blood near to every cell in the body. Help regulate body temperature and blood pressure by constricting and dilating.

Question 4

Blood (2)

Answer 4

Carry materials needed by the cells (O2 and nutrients) and removes waste (CO2 and urea) produced by cells

Play a role in body defense, transport regulation.
transports hormones, heat, and pressure.

Question 5

Heart (15)

Answer 5

• Superior Vena Cava
• Right Pulmonary Artery
• Right Pulmonary Veins
• Right Atrium
• Tricuspid Valve
• Right Ventricle
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Aortic Arch
• Ascending Aorta
• Left Atrium
• Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
• Aoratic Semilunar Valve
• Bicuspid Valve
• Left Ventricle
• Descending Aorta

Question 6

The artery that carries deoxygenated blood

Answer 6

Pulmonary

Question 7

The vein that carries oxygenated blood

Answer 7

pulmonary

Question 8

Blood flow through the heart

Answer 8

Blood enters the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava.

Blood then moves through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle

Blood then travels to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk and the left and right pulmonary arteries.

Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via pulmonary veins.

From here the blood flows through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle

It is then pumped out through the Aortic valve into the aorta and around the body

Question 9

Artery, structure and functions (3)

Answer 9

Structure:
Thick elastic walled blood vessel

Function:

• walls stretch in response to pressure without tearing, then recoil.
• Pressure storage vessels
• Carry blood away from the heart

Question 10

Arteriole, structure, and functions (3)

Answer 10

Structure:
Smooth muscle in walls

Function:

• Able to direct the flow of blood change in vessel diameter
• Vasoconstriction can raise blood pressure
• Vasodilation decreases blood pressure

Question 11

Capillary, structure and Function

Answer 11

Structure:
Walls are one cell thick

Function:
-Allow gas and other materials to exchange between blood cells

Question 12

Venule, structure and function

Answer 12

Structure:
Thin-walled cells

Function:
Drain the blood from capillaries

Question 13

Vein, structures, function

Answer 13

Structure:
Thinner walls than arteries have valves

Function:
Take blood back to the heart to prevent backflow of blood

Question 14

Blood consist of…

Answer 14

formed elements (cells and cell fragments) 45% and fluid (plasma) in which the formed elements are suspended 55%.

Question 15

Normal range of PH of blood

Answer 15

7.35 - 7.45

Question 16

Red blood cells/ erythrocytes

Answer 16

Transport O2 (and some CO2)

Question 17

White blood cells/ Leucocytes

Answer 17

Fight infection

Question 18

Neutrophils

Answer 18

Phagocytic especially against bacteria

Question 19

Eosinophils

Answer 19

Effective against parasitic worms phagocytize

Question 20

Basophils

Answer 20

Release histamines for the inflammatory response in allergic reactions

Question 21

Lymphocytes

Answer 21

Attack and destroy a variety of microbe and dangerous cells

Question 22

Monocytes

Answer 22

Phagocytic pathogens and worn-out cells

Question 23

Platelets

Answer 23

Blood clotting

Question 24

Microbial infection of the blood

Answer 24

Once microbes gain entry to the circulatory system via a wound or other focus of infection they are rapidly spread throughout the body.

Question 25

Main microbes causing infection of the blood (3)

Answer 25

Bacteria- S.aureus

Viruses- HIV

Protozoa- Malaria

Question 26

Factors that aid microbial colonization (4)

Answer 26

• Neutral PH
• Temp 37
• Nutrients, glucose, fat, proteins
• Oxygen + water

Question 27

Factors that hinder microbial colonization (4)

Answer 27

• Blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and leukocytes
• Antibodies
• Rapidly moving blood
• Blood circulating through the spleen + liver (lined with phagocytes)