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Essentials of human body and microbial science > Reservoirs and transmission of disease (not studying this) > Flashcards

Reservoirs and transmission of disease (not studying this) Flashcards

1
Q

The major reservoir for infectious diseases for humans is

A

Human body

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2
Q

Other reservoirs

A

ANIMAL
SOIL
WATER

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3
Q

Animal

A

Diseases transmitted to humans from animals are known as zoonoses

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4
Q

Animal- groups likely to contract the disease

A

Young children, agricultural workers, animal care workers…

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5
Q

Soil

A

The soil contains millions of different microorganisms but most of them are not responsible for diseases in humans

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6
Q

Soil infectious diseases examples

A

Tetanus (Clostridlum tetani)

Toxoplasmosis (Protozoa- Toxoplasma gardii)

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7
Q

Water

A

Many microorganisms survive for differing periods of time in the water.

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8
Q

Water infectious diseases examples

A

Giardia (protozoa)

Typhoid fere (bacteria)

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9
Q

Mechanisms of Transmission

A

CONTACT
COMMON VEHICLE TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION BY VECTORS

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10
Q

Contract transmission

A

DIRECT CONTACT
INDIRECT CONTACT
RESPIRATORY DROPLETS

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11
Q

Direct contact

A

Close or intimate contact between the infected host and susceptible individual e.g. touch, sexual contact…

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12
Q

Indirect contact

A

Microbes transferred from one host to another via a non-living object (fomite) e.g. drink, door handles, keys, money…

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13
Q

Respiratory droplets

A

E.g. Sneezing, coughing, laughing, speaking can spread droplets from the upper respiratory tract.

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14
Q

Common Vehicle Transmission

A

AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION
WATER-BORNE TRANSMISSION
FOOD-BORNE TRANSMISSION

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15
Q

Airborne transmission

A

SARS, spores, anthrax, T.B

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16
Q

Water-borne transmission

A

Cholera, hepatitis, polio, typhoid

17
Q

Food-borne transmission

A

Salmonella, Staph avreus

18
Q

Transmission By Vectors

A

MECHANICAL VECTORS

BIOLOGICAL VECTORS

19
Q

Mechanical vectors

A

Fly- diarrhea, on the outside of an insects body

20
Q

Biological vectors

A

Mosquito- malaria, plague. Inside an insects body

21
Q

Methods For Preventing Disease Transmission

A 
SANITATION
HYGIENE PRACTICES
IMMUNISATION
ISOLATION
TREATMENT
22
Q

Sanitation

A

Clean drinking water, collection of rubbish, sewage treatment.

23
Q

Hygiene Practices

A

Protocols around food prep, storage … and broken skin

24
Q

Immunisation

A

Exposure to microbes (not pathogenic) so immunity is developed E.g Vaccination

25
Q

Isolation

A

Keeping contagious people out of contact with uninfected people

26
Q

Treatment

A

To use antimicrobials to treat the infectious disease

Essentials of human body and microbial science (19 decks)

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