Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
What does the respiratory system do?
A
Moves O2 into and CO2 out of the body
2
Q
What does the cardiovascular system do?
A
Transports materials to and from all other systems
3
Q
Digestive system function:
A
transforms food into a form that can be transported throughout the body
4
Q
Urinary System function:
A
filters bodily fluids removes waste while conserving water and other materials
5
Q
Function of the cardiovascular system is to:
A
transport blood containing: Nutrients Waste Hormones Immune cells Oxygen
6
Q
Cardiovascular System consists of three
components:
A
- Blood
- The heart, which pumps blood.
- The blood vessels, through which blood flows.
7
Q
Arteries carry:
A
Carry blood away from heart
8
Q
Carotid arteries Deliver:
A
Deliver blood to the head and the brain
9
Q
Coronary arteries deliver:
A
Deliver blood to the heart muscle cells
10
Q
Iliac artery deliver:
A
Delivers blood to pelvic organs and abdominal wall
11
Q
Aorta delivers:
A
Delivers blood to the body tissues
12
Q
Pulmonary arteries deliver:
A
Deliver oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
13
Q
Renal artery delivers
A
Delivers blood to the kidney
14
Q
Radial artery delivers:
A
Delivers blood to the hand
15
Q
Femoral artery delivers:
A
Delivers blood to thigh and inner knee
16
Q
Veins carry:
A
Carry blood back to the heart
17
Q
Superior vena cava carries:
A
Carries blood from the upper body back to the heart
18
Q
Renal vein carries:
A
Carries blood from the kidney to the heart
19
Q
Radial vein carries:
A
Carries blood from the hand back to the heart
20
Q
Femoral vein carries:
A
Carries blood from the thigh and inner knee back to the heart
21
Q
Jugular veins carry:
A
Carry blood from head to the heart
22
Q
Pulmonary veins carry
A
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
23
Q
Inferior vena cava carries:
A
Carries blood from the lower body back to the heart
24
Q
Iliac vein carries:
A
Carries blood from the pelvic organs and abdominal wall back to the heart
25
Blood vessels are lined with ________
epithelial cells
26
Blood Vessels have a layer of smooth muscles that _____ or _____ the vessels
contract or dilate
27
Blood vessels are covered with a layer of _________
connective tissue
28
Inside the blood vessels is called the ________
lumen
29
Vasoconstriction is when :
When muscle contracts and the diameter of
| the lumen narrows, reducing blood flow
30
Vasodilation is :
When muscle relaxes and the diameter of
| the lumen increases, increasing blood flow
31
The upper chamber of the heart are:
Atria
32
lower chamber of the heart is:
ventricles
33
oxygen poor blood returning from the body goes into the :
Right Atrium
34
Anything leaving the heart is a _____ (vein/artery)
Artery
35
Arteries are _____ (oxygen rich/oxygen poor)
Oxygen rich
36
Arteries are _____ (oxygen rich/oxygen poor)
Oxygen rich
37
In the pulmonary circuit you can't say arteries are always oxygen rich because the arteries in this circuit are ______ because it is going to the lungs and the veins are oxygen rich because they are coming from the lungs
oxygen poor
38
Arteries always go ______ from the heart
| Veins always go _____ from the heart
away
| Towards
39
```
What epithelial tissue lines blood vessels?
A. Simple squamous
B. Simple cuboidal
C. Simple columnar
D. Stratified
squamous
```
A. Simple squamous
40
What kind of junctions prevents fluid from
leaking between cells, into other tissues?
A. Gap
B. Tight
C. Adhesion
B. Tight
41
```
What is the function of simple squamous
epi?
A. Absorption and
secretion
B. diffusion
```
B. diffusion
42
What are the 5 types of blood vessels?
```
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
```
43
In what order does blood flow in the blood vessels?
```
Heart
artery
arteriole
capillary
venule
vein
heart
```
44
_______ Always carry blood away from the
| heart and usually carry O2-rich blood.
Arteries
45
_______ Always returns blood to the heart
| and usually carry O2-poor blood.
Veins
46
Arteries break down into smaller vessels called
| _______
arterioles
47
Arteries break down into smaller vessels called
| Arterioles which _______
bring O2, water, and nutrients to the
| tissues
48
Arterioles break down into small vessels called
| ________
capillaries
49
Blood leaves the capillaries and enters______
venules
50
________ take CO2, water, and wastes away from
| the tissues.
Venules
51
Venules join together to form ________
veins
52
There are _____ muscles that contract to reduce blood flow to the capillaries
sphincter
53
Small vessels are called ______-
capillaries
54
It is in the capillaries that components______, _______, _____, and _____ can pass from the blood
vessels to other tissues
(O2, CO2, nutrients, waste)
55
True or False:
| Capillaries do not have a smooth muscle layer
True
56
Gas can freely pass through the plasma membrane
1. True
2. False
1. True
57
In the capillaries, The ________ stay in the blood vessels but the
_______ leaves the RBCs and the capillaries and goes into the tissues.
RBCs, oxygen
58
In capillaries the oxygen leaves the capillaries because
there is a gradient – there is _____ oxygen in
the capillaries than in the tissues.
More
59
Blood flow in capillaries is ________
slow
60
Why is slow blood flow in the capillaries important?
This is important because it allows time for the exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues.
61
Do RBCs leave the capillaries?
1. Yes
2. No
2. No
62
At the ________ end of the capillaries blood
pressure forces fluid out of the capillary and into
the tissue
arterial
63
At the venous end, ________ draws fluid
| back into the vessel from the tissue
osmotic pressure
64
______ is the pressure that draws gasses
| across the capillary
Diffusion
65
Aorta is the ________
largest artery.
66
Arterioles are :
smallest arteries (whether constricted or dilated affects blood pressure)
67
Arterioles , whether constricted or dilated affects _______
BLOOD PRESSURE
68
Capillaries are:
smallest vessels (where nutrient and wastes are exchanged)
69
Vena cava are:
largest veins in the body.
70
Venules are:
smallest veins
71
The heart is composed of four chambers and lies almost in the center of the thoracic cavity, what are they:
Two atria—thin-walled upper chambers that
serve as reservoirs for blood.
Two ventricles—thick-walled lower chambers
powering the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
72
Two atria are thin-walled upper chambers that
| serve as _______
reservoirs for blood.
73
Two ventricles are thick-walled lower chambers
| powering the _________
pulmonary and systemic circuits
74
Septum—separates _________
right and left sides of the heart
75
Two atrioventrical valves (AV) — between _____
& ________, making a “LUB” sound when
closing.
atria & ventricles,
76
Two atrioventrical valves (AV) making a ________ sound when
| closing.
“LUB”
77
Two semilunar vales (SL) are the base of _______
major arteries
78
Two semilunar vales make a _______ sound when closing.
“DUB”
79
Pericardium is _______
thick membranous sac surrounding the heart (secretes serous
| fluid).
80
Myocardium function:
consists of cardiac muscle tissue, which contracts to pump
| blood.
81
The interior of the heart is lined by ______
endocardium
82
```
What epithelial tissue lines the heart?
A. Simple squamous
B. Simple cuboidal
C. Simple columnar
D. Stratified
squamous
```
A. Simple squamous
83
What is the pathway of blood to the heart:
1. Superior and Inferior vena cava (O2-poor) to the Right Atrium.
2. R Atrium to the Tricuspid AV valve to the Right Ventricle.
3. R Ventricle to the Pulmonary SL valve to the Pulmonary Arteries to the Lungs.
4. Pulmonary veins (O2-rich) to the Left Atrium.
5. L Atrium to the Mitral AV valve to the Left Ventricle.
6. L Ventricle to the Aortic SL valve to the Aorta to the rest
of the body tissues.
84
What is the cardiac cycle?
Cardiac cycle - one complete heart beat
where both atria contract simultaneously (at
the same time) followed by both ventricles
contracting simultaneously.
85
_______ is when ventricles contract and pump
| blood out of the heart.
Systole
86
________when ventricles relax and receive
| blood from atria.
Diastole
87
```
What valves are between the right atria and
the right ventricle
A. Mitral av valve
B. Tricuspid av valve
C. Aortic SL valve
D. Pulmonary SL
valve
```
B. Tricuspid av valve
88
```
What valve is between the right ventricle and
the pulmonary artery?
A. Mitral AV valve
B. Tricuspid AV valve
C. Aortic SL valve
D. Pulmonary SL valve
```
D. Pulmonary SL valve
89
```
What valve is between the left atria and the
left ventricle?
A. Mitral AV valve
B. Tricuspid AV valve
C. Aortic SL valve
D. Pulmonary SL
valve
```
A. Mitral AV valve
90
When the ventricles contract, which valves are closed?
1. AV valves
2. SL valves
1. AV valves
91
When the ventricles relax, which valves are open?
1. AV valves
2. SL valves
1. AV valves
92
During ventricle contraction the AV valves will _____ and the SL valves will ______
closed, open
93
As the heart pumps blood into the arteries, they expand such that one is able to feel a _______
pulse
94
The pulse rate is the same as the ______
heart rate
95
Systolic is when _______
the ventricles contract, sending blood into the arteries
96
Diastolic is when _________
the heart relaxes between beats
97
Which blood pressure would be the highest:
1. systolic
2. diastolic
1. systolic
98
Blood flow in the arteries is from ________
the blood pressure due to the heart pumping.
99
The blood pressure in veins is very________
low
100
Blood flow in veins is dependent upon:
1. Skeletal muscle contraction
2. One-way valves
3. Respiratory movements
101
Muscle contraction squeezes the vein, pushing _________
blood through the open valve toward the heart.
102
Skeletal muscles relax, and blood fills the ______ and ______ them.
valves, closes
103
Pulmonary circuit is the :
flow of blood from the heart, to the lungs and back to the heart, powered by the right ventricle.
104
Systemic circuit is the :
flow of blood through the rest of the body, powered by the left ventricle.
105
In the pulmonary circuit, Pulmonary arteries carry ________
O2-poor blood to the lungs.
106
In the pulmonary Circuit Pulmonary veins carry _________
O2-rich blood from lungs to the left atrium.
107
In the Systemic circuit Aorta carries :
O2-rich blood to all body tissues.
108
In the systemic circuit Vena cava returns _______ to the ______
O2-poor blood to the right atrium.
109
Renal circuit - supplies blood to the _______
kidneys.
110
Hepatic portal circuit - supplies blood to _______
the digestive organs especially the liver.
111
The coronary circuit supplies blood to:
Supplies blood to the heart muscle itself.
112
Coronary arteries branch off the ______
aorta.
113
Coronary arteries can become clogged
| and ______ may be necessary.
by-pass surgery
114
Coronary veins ______ blood to the heart
return
115
```
The renal circuit supplies blood to the:
A. Heart
B. Kidneys
C. Digestive system
D. Urinary bladder
```
B. Kidneys
116
This pressure draws fluid back into the capillaries
1. Blood Pressure
2. Osmotic Pressure
3. Diffusion
2. Osmotic Pressure
117
This pressure forces fluid out of the capillaries
1. Blood Pressure
2. Osmotic Pressure
3. Diffusion
1. Blood Pressure
118
Blood flow in veins is dependent upon: one way valves, respiratory
movements and:
1. Smooth muscle
2. Skeletal muscle
2. Skeletal muscle
119
When ventricles relax and receive blood from atria it is:
1. Systole
2. Diastole
2. Diastole
120
The pulmonary circuit is the only place where arteries are going to be oxygen _____ and veins are oxygen ______
oxygen poor, oxygen rich
121
In the system circuit arteries are oxygen ____ and veins are oxygen ____
rich, poor
122
High blood pressure is also called ______
hypertension
123
90% of high blood pressure has _______
no known cause.
124
High Blood Pressure can be caused by _____ not being able to balance the ________. Increased fluid in blood increases blood pressure
kidney, sodium concentration
125
high blood pressure causes the :
heart to work too hard, leads to heart failure, kidney problems, blood vessel problems and death.
126
Hypertension prevention includes:
lower salt intake, lose weight, exercise, and stop smoking.
127
Atherosclerosis is a ________
narrowing of the arteries due to fatty deposits and thickening of the wall
128
Atherosclerosis Can lead to ______ or _______
heart attack or stroke
129
When Atherosclerosis occurs in the arteries of the heart
| muscle, it is called ______
coronary artery disease
130
Heart attack is also known as_______
myocardial infraction
131
Heart muscle dies because of an insufficient blood supply during a heart attack (myocardial infarction) and is gradually replaced by _______
scar tissue
132
Scar tissue cannot _________ so part of the heart permanently loses its ______ ability
contract, pumping
133
Thromboembolism is :
a clot that has been carried in the bloodstream but is now stationary.
134
Thromboembolism Can result in a ______
stroke
135
Stroke is a _______
cranial arteriole bursts or is blocked, reducing blood supply to an area of the brain.
136
What is the end result of a stroke?
The result is that a portion of the brain
dies, and may result in paralysis or
death.
137
Aneurysm is :
weak spot in a blood vessel
| where it balloons out and may rupture
138
Aneurysm can cause:
May cause a stroke if in the brain or
| death if in aorta
139
```
Which disorder is due to a clot that has
become stationary?
A. Aneurysm
B. Thromboembolism
C. coronary artery
blockage
D. myocardial
infarction
```
B. Thromboembolism
140
```
Which disorder is due to weak spot in a
blood vessel?
A. Aneurysm
B. Thromboembolism
C. coronary artery
blockage
D. myocardial
infarction
```
A. Aneurysm
141
The blood supply to the kidneys is the:
1. Hepatic portal circuit
2. Renal circuit
3. Cardiac circuit
2. Renal circuit
142
Lymphatic system is :
system that takes
| excess tissue fluid to the subclavian veins.
143
The Lymphatic System Functions:
1. Return interstitial fluid from tissues to the
blood stream
2. Transport products of fat digestion using
lacteals
3. Defend the body against disease-causing
organisms and abnormal cells
144
In the lymphatic system ______ muscles and valves keep fluid
moving
Skeletal
145
Components of the Lymphatic System: (there are 3)
Lymph
lymphatic vessels – including lacteals
lymphoid organs.
146
Lymph nodes function:
cleanse lymph of debris and
pathogens and store lymphocytes and
macrophages to fight infection.
147
Spleen function:
cleanses the blood, remove old
| blood cells.
148
Red bone marrow functions:
produces both B cells
| and T cells.
149
Thymus gland function:
where T cells mature.
150
Tonsils function:
```
function to recognize infectious
agents entering the body.
```
151
These vessels always carry blood away from the heart
1. Arteries
2. veins
1. Arteries
152
```
What are the small blood vessels where the oxygen transfers into the
tissues and carbon dioxide is taken up
1. Arterioles
2. Venules
3. Capillaries
4. Lacteals
```
3. Capillaries
153
```
What are the small lymphatic vessels where the fat is absorbed from the
digestive tract
1. Arterioles
2. Venules
3. Capillaries
4. Lacteals
```
4. Lacteals
154
The smallest vessels in your lymphatic system are called:
Lacteals
