Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What is the cardiovascular system?
a network composed of the heart as a centralized pump, blood vessels that distribute blood throughout the body, and the blood itself
circulatory system is divided into two separate loops:
pulmonary circulation: exchanges blood between the heart and the lungs for oxygenation
systemic circulation: distributes blood throughout all other systems and tissues of the body
circuits begin and end in the heart
main function of cardiovascular / circulatory system
deliver oxygen to the body tissues, whilst simultaneously removing carbon dioxide produced by metabolism
blood acts as an excellent transport medium for?
nutrients like electrolytes and hormones
waste products that are filtered from the blood in the liver
heart location
- located directly behind sternum
- between the 2 pleural cavities in the mediastinum
- heart and apex is angled to the left
What is the pericardium?
2 layers
a fluid-filled sack that surrounds the muscular body of the heart and roots of great vessels
- fibrous pericardium: tough external layer, its rigid structure prevents rapid overfilling of the heart, but can contribute to serious clinical consequences.
- serious pericardium: thin internal layer,
divided into parietal( lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium) and visceral (forms the outer layer of the heart epicardium) pericardium
- What is each layer of serous pericardium made of?
- Where is the pericardial cavity and what does it do?
- Each layer is made up of a single sheet of epithelial cells, known as mesothelium
- Found between the outer and inner serous layers and contains a small amount of lubricating serous fluid which serves to minimize the friction generated by the heart as it contracts
label the heart
- superior and inferior vena cava on the right side of heart
- pulmonary artery and vein on the left side of heart
- tricuspid valve: between right atrium and ventricle
- pulmonary valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
- mitral valve: between left atrium and ventricle
- aortic valve: between left ventricle and aorta
function of atria and ventricles
atria: receive blood from the veins
ventricles: forcefully pump blood out of the heart
flow of blood in the heart
Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, and then is pumped to the lungs to receive oxygen.
From the lungs, the blood flows to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle.
From there it is pumped to the systemic circulation
Aorta Structure
branching of aorta arch and where they supply blood
ascending aorta (has the right and left coronary artery)
aortic arch
descending thoracic aorta
suprarenal abdominal aorta
infrarenal aorta
branching: brachiocephalic trunk (branches into right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery), left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery
they supply oxygenated blood to the head, neck and upper limbs
coronary arteries (of the heart)
Right coronary artery
Right (acute) marginal artery
posterior interventricular artery
Left coronary artery
Circumflex artery
Left (obtuse) marginal artery
Left anterior descending artery
Diagonal arteries
What does the blood plasma inside the blood vessel contain?
- platelet
- lymphocyte
- monocyte
- erythrocyte
- basophil
- eosinophil
- neutrophil
artery and vein structure
artery –> arteriole –> capillaries –> venule –> vein
veins have valves
arteries and veins layers:
tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
tunica intima: lined by endothelium, comprised of simple squamous epithelial cells
tunica media: muscular layer, smooth muscle that is fitted with alpha and beta adrenergic receptors facilitate contraction and dilation of vessels with respect. Secretes extracellular matrix
tunica externa / adventitia: composed of type I collagen and elastic connective tissue. Responsible for anchoring the vessels to adjacent organs
At any given moment what percentage of blood in systemic circulation is found where?
30% in arteries
5% in capillaries
65% in the vein
