Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are arteries?

Answer 1

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Oxygenated blood, higher pressure

Question 1

What are veins?

Answer 1

Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart
Low in oxygen, lower pressure

Question 2

How many layers do arteries and veins have?

Answer 2

3

Question 3

What is a lumen?

Answer 3

Blood vessel cavity

Question 4

What is anastomosis?

Answer 4

Junction of blood vessels, like the circle of willis

Question 5

What are arterioles?

Answer 5

Small arteries that attach to capillaries

Question 6

What are capillaries?

Answer 6

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange

Question 7

What are venules?

Answer 7

Connect capillaries to veins

Question 8

What do veins have that arteries don’t?

Answer 8

Valves, so things don’t move backwards

Question 9

What is systole?

Answer 9

Contraction phase of cardiac cycle

Question 9

What is diastole?

Answer 9

Relaxation phase of cardiac cycle

Question 10

Where does the outer ear get the majority of it’s blood supply?

Answer 10

Posterior auricular artery (external carotid)
Anterior auricular arteries
Superficial temporal artery
Occipital artery

Question 11

Where does the middle ear get its blood?

Answer 11

Occipital and/or posterior auricular artery
Deep auricular artery from the maxillary artery

Question 12

Where does the inner ear get its blood supply?

Answer 12

Labyrinthine

Question 13

What is blood?

Answer 13

Specialized connective tissue

Question 14

What is blood made of?

Answer 14

Plasma (55%) and blood cells (45%)

Question 15

What are the two types of blood cells?

Answer 15

Erythrocytes - red blood cells (95%)
Leukocytes - white blood cells

Question 16

What do erythrocytes do?

Answer 16

Carry oxygen around

Question 17

What do leukocytes do?

Answer 17

Immune system part of blood

Question 18

What is the composition of plasma?

Answer 18

Water, plasma proteins, and plasma solutes

Question 19

What are some plasma proteins?

Answer 19

Albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen

Question 20

What do plasma proteins do?

Answer 20

Chemicals bind to them and then get carried around to muscle or other site

Question 21

What are plasma solutes?

Answer 21

Ions, nutrients, waste products, gases, enzymes, and hormones

Question 22

What is the function of blood?

Answer 22

Transport, regulate pH and temperature, clotting, protection against foreign microbes, osmosis

Question 23

Where are blood cells produces?

Answer 23

Red bone marrow

Question 24

Where are lymphocytes and monocytes produced?

Answer 24

Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils

Question 25

What do blood cells develop from?

Answer 25

Stem cells

Question 26

What are platelets?

Answer 26

They clot blood Prevent fluid loss when blood vessels are damaged

Question 27

What is the clotting mechanism?

Answer 27

Ruptured blood vessel attracts platelets Cascade of processes and chemicals that finally leads to fibrin Fibrin produces clotting

Question 28

What is a clot?

Answer 28

Fibrin forms long threads acting like a net with platelets enmeshed plugs hone, eventually scabs

Question 29

What is syneresis?

Answer 29

Clot retraction

Question 30

What is fibrinolysis?

Answer 30

Dissolution of clot

Question 31

What is a thrombosis?

Answer 31

Unwanted clotting

Question 32

What is an embolus?

Answer 32

Circulating blood clot

Question 33

What is an infarction?

Answer 33

Tissues killed as a result of loss of blood supply

Question 34

What is agglutination?

Answer 34

Clumping of RBCs

Question 35

When does agglutination happen?

Answer 35

When blood groups mismatch during a bad blood transfusion

Question 36

What are the types of blood?

Answer 36

A, B, AB, O

Question 37

What antibodies does type A have?

Answer 37

Anti-B

Question 38

What antibodies does type B have?

Answer 38

Anti-A

Question 39

What antibodies does type AB have?

Answer 39

No antibodies

Question 40

What antibodies does type O have?

Answer 40

Anti-A and anti-B

Question 41

How many Rh antigens are there?

Answer 41

8

Question 42

Which antigen is the most important?

Answer 42

Antigen D

Question 43

What does Rh positive mean?

Answer 43

Antigen D and other Rh factors are on the RBC membrane

Question 44

What does Rh negative mean?

Answer 44

RBCs lack the antigens

Question 45

Why does a healthy cardiovascular system have a positive effect on hearing?

Answer 45

The tinier the arteries, the easier they are to clog Might end up losing blood supply to the cochlea or vestibular system

Question 46

What syndrome should we look out for regarding cardiovascular health and hearing loss?

Answer 46

Jervell and Lange-Nielson syndrome

Question 47

What is Jervell and Lange-Nielson syndrome?

Answer 47

A long QT syndrome (too long btw Q and T on EKG) Severe, bilateral SNHL Cardiac muscles take longer to recharge between beats

Question 48

What other things have applications for audiology?

Answer 48

Dizziness, orthostatic hypertension, and POTS

Question 49

What is orthostatic hypertension?

Answer 49

Sudden drop in blood pressure when going from sitting and laying down to standing