Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the respiratory system?

Answer 1

The set of organs that allows a person to breathe and/or exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

Question 2

What are the two primary tasks of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

External respiration: exchanging air between the body and the outside environment
Internal respiration: bringing oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide

Question 3

What are the other functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 3

Filter inspired air
Help produce sound
Aid in smell
Rids the body of some excess water and heat
Helps regulate blood pH

Question 4

What are the two phases of breathing?

Answer 4

Inhalation (breathing in) and exhalation (breathing out)

Question 5

What is the pharynx?

Answer 5

Common pathway for food and air
Resonating chamber for speech

Question 6

What are the three divisions of the pharynx?

Answer 6

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 7

Which divisions of the larynx have tonsils?

Answer 7

Nasopharynx and oropharynx

Question 8

What is the larynx?

Answer 8

The voice box, ends in the trachea
Prevents swallowed materials from entering lower respiratory tract
Produces sound
supported by 9 pieces of cartilage

Question 9

What is the trachea?

Answer 9

Windpipe
Cartilage rings keep it open and rigid
Bifurcates into two bronchi

Question 10

What are the two lungs separated by?

Answer 10

Mediastinum (it also contains the heart)

Question 11

Which lung has two lobes?

Answer 11

Left

Question 12

Which lung has 3 lobes?

Answer 12

Right

Question 13

What is the fissure that separates the 2 lobes of the left lung?

Answer 13

Oblique fissure

Question 14

What fissures separate the 3 loves of the right lung?

Answer 14

Oblique and horizontal

Question 15

Which lung is the smaller one and why?

Answer 15

Left, because the cardiac notch accommodates the heart

Question 16

Which lung is more superior?

Answer 16

Right, because the liver is on the right side

Question 17

Which lobe of each lung is the largest?

Answer 17

Superior

Question 18

What is the moist tissue that lines both the lung and the cavity?

Answer 18

Pleura

Question 19

What pleura lines the lung?

Answer 19

visceral pleura

Question 20

What pleura lines the cavity?

Answer 20

Parietal pleura

Question 21

What is the pleural cavity?

Answer 21

The potential space between the pleura layers

Question 22

What is the main function of the pleura?

Answer 22

Produce fluid that acts as a lubricant, ensuring minimal friction during breathing

Question 23

What are all of the branches of the lungs from largest to smallest?

Answer 23

Main bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 24

What happens to the rib cage and diaphragm during inhalation?

Answer 24

Diaphragm contracts and rib cage rises up
Atmospheric pressure fills the lungs

Question 25

Where does gas exchange between air and blood occur in the lungs?

Answer 25

Alveoli Capillaries covering each one

Question 26

Why is it important that alveoli and capillaries are close together?

Answer 26

So oxygen and carbon dioxide can move between them

Question 27

What happens with gas exchange when you breathe?

Answer 27

When you breathe in, oxygen will travel across the walls of the alveoli into the blood stream Carbon dioxide will cross from the blood in the capillaries into the air in the alveoli and then breathed out

Question 28

Is exhaling passive?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

What is external respiration?

Answer 29

The breathing we are familiar with

Question 30

What is internal respiration?

Answer 30

The gas exchange that occurs

Question 31

What are some disorders of the respiratory system?

Answer 31

Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, and pleural effusion

Question 32

What is asthma?

Answer 32

Spasms in the bronchi causing difficulty breathing Usually resulting from allergies or other hypersensitivity Airways become swollen and muscles tighten

Question 33

What is COPD an umbrella term for?

Answer 33

Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory asthma

Question 34

What is COPD characterized by?

Answer 34

Breathlessness

Question 35

What is emphysema?

Answer 35

Damage to the alveoli, body does not get enough oxygen Hard to catch breathe, chronic cough

Question 36

What is bronchitis?

Answer 36

Inflammation of bronchial tubes Cough that brings up mucous Shortness or breathe, wheezing, chest tightness

Question 37

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 37

Hereditary disease that affects the lungs and digestive system Thick and sticky mucous clog the lungs and obstruct the pancreas

Question 38

What is pneumonia?

Answer 38

Infection that inflames the alveoli May fill with pus Cause cough with phlegm, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing

Question 39

What is pleural effusion?

Answer 39

Build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs Water on the lungs

Question 40

Can the eustachian tube becoming swollen from a cold or upper respiratory infection cause problems with the middle ear?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

What can an infection that spreads from the nose and throat through the eustachian tube cause?

Answer 41

Middle ear infection

Question 42

Can allergies cause pressure build up and a conductive hearing loss?

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

What are some important risk factors for hearing loss for newborn babies?

Answer 43

Prolonged artificial ventilation, presence of severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy or persistent pulmonary hypertension

Question 44

What are the best predictors for hearing loss of perinatal origin?

Answer 44

Medicated total length in NICU and length of artificial ventilation

Question 45

What is ECMO?

Answer 45

Artificial lung outside of the body Used for someone who is awaiting a heart or lung transplant

Question 46

What is hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

Answer 46

Breathing chamber of pure oxygen Can help reduce the severity of hearing loss and tinnitus