Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Cardiovascular system consists of

Answer 1

Four-chambered heart, blood vessels, and blood

Question 2

Right side of the heart accepts

Answer 2

Deoxygenated blood and moves it to the lungs

Question 3

Left side of the heart

Answer 3

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and forces it out to the body

Question 4

Two pumps

Answer 4

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circrulation

Question 5

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 5

Right side of the heart accepts deoxygenated blood and moves it to lungs by way of pulmonary arteries

Question 6

Systemic circulation

Answer 6

Left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs by way of pulmonary veins and forces it out to the body through the aorta

Question 7

More muscular side of heart

Answer 7

Left side

Question 8

Atria

Answer 8

Thin-walled structures that receive blood from the venae cavae or pulmonary veins

Question 9

Venae cavae

Answer 9

Deoxygenated blood enters right heart

Question 10

Pulmonary veins

Answer 10

Oxygenated blood enters left heart

Question 11

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 11

Separate atria from ventricles

Question 12

Semilunar valve

Answer 12

Ventricles are separated from vasculature

Question 13

Tricuspid valve

Answer 13

Valve between right atrium and right ventricle

Question 14

Bicuspid valve

Answer 14

Valve between left atrium and left ventricle

Question 15

Pulmonary valve

Answer 15

Separates right ventricle from pulmonary circulation

Question 16

Aortic valve

Answer 16

Separates left ventricle from aorta

Question 17

Pulmonary valve and aortic valves are

Answer 17

Semilunar valves

Question 18

Pathway of electrical conduction in heart

Answer 18

SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> Purkinje fibers

Question 19

Systole

Answer 19

Ventricule contracts, AV valves close, blood is pumped out

Question 20

Diastole

Answer 20

Ventricles relax, semilunar valves close, blood from atria fills ventricles

Question 21

Cardiac output

Answer 21

Total blood volume pumped by a ventricle in a minute

Question 22

CO equation

Answer 22

CO = HR X SV

Question 23

Stroke volume

Answer 23

Volume of blood pumped per beat

Question 24

Arteries

Answer 24

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 25

Vagus nerve

Answer 25

Slows down heart rate, provide parasympathetic signals

Question 26

What property of the large arteries help vessels maintain sufficient pressure?

Answer 26

Highly muscular and elastic

Question 27

Veins

Answer 27

Bring blood to heart

Question 28

Capillaries

Answer 28

Thin wall, easy diffusion of gases

Question 29

Endothelial cells

Answer 29

Facilitate formation of blood clots to stop bleeding when damage occurs

Question 30

Vein characteristics

Answer 30

Inelastic, thin-walled, can stretch for large quantities of blood

Question 31

Portal system

Answer 31

Blood passes through two capillary beds before returning to the heart

Question 32

Hepatic portal system

Answer 32

Gut capillary bed -> liver capillary bed

Question 33

Hypophyseal portal system

Answer 33

Hypothalamus capillary bed -> anterior pituitary capillary bed

Question 34

Renal portal system

Answer 34

Glomerulus -> vasa recta

Question 35

Cellular portion of blood three types

Answer 35

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

Question 36

All blood cells are formed from

Answer 36

Hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow

Question 37

Granulocytes

Answer 37

Contain granules that are toxic to invading microbes

Question 38

Granulocytes are involved in

Answer 38

Inflammatory reactions, allergies, destruction of bacteria and parasites

Question 39

Agranulocytes

Answer 39

Lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 40

Lymphocytes are involved in

Answer 40

Specific immune response

Question 41

Monocytes

Answer 41

Phagocytize foreign matter such as bacteria

Question 42

When monocytes enter an organ, they are renamed

Answer 42

Macrophages

Question 43

Universal recipient

Answer 43

Type AB

Question 44

Universal donor

Answer 44

Type O

Question 45

An individual with B+ blood could receive

Answer 45

B+, B-, O+, O-

Question 46

An individual with B+ blood could donate to

Answer 46

B+, AB+

Question 47

Blood pressure is measured by

Answer 47

Sphygmomanometer

Question 48

Largest drop in blood pressure occurs across

Answer 48

Arterioles, because capillaries are thin walled and unable to withstand pressure

Question 49

Low blood pressure releaes

Answer 49

Aldosterone and ADH

Question 50

ADH blood pressure

Answer 50

Antidiuretic hormone increases blood volume and pressure and dilutes blood

Question 51

Aldosterone blood pressure

Answer 51

Increases water and sodium resorption, increasing blood volume and pressure

Question 52

Cause of a right shift of the oxyhemoglobin curve

Answer 52

Exercise, increased CO2, increased temperature, lower pH

Question 53

Left shift to the oxyhemoglobin curve

Answer 53

Decreased CO2, higher pH, decreased temperature, decreased 2,3-BPG

Question 54

A and B alleles are

Answer 54

Codominant

Question 55

O alleles are

Answer 55

Recessive

Question 56

Bohr effect

Answer 56

Increased CO2 -> increased [H+] -> reduce hemoglobin affinity for oxygen -> shift right

Question 57

Starling forces

Answer 57

Balance of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

Question 58

Edema

Answer 58

Excess of fluid in tissues

Question 59

Coagulation

Answer 59

Activation cascade forms thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 60

Hematocrit

Answer 60

Percentage of red blood cells in blood

Question 61

Which blood cell contains nuclei

Answer 61

Leukocytes

Question 62

Valve that prevents backflow in right atrium

Answer 62

Tricuspid valve

Question 63

Valve that prevents backflow in right ventricle

Answer 63

Pulmonary valve

Question 64

Valve that prevents backflow in left atrium

Answer 64

Bicuspid valve

Question 65

Valve that prevents backflow in left ventricle

Answer 65

Aortic valve