Immune System

Question 1

Innate immunity

Answer 1

Nonspecific, always active

Question 2

Specific immunity

Answer 2

Target a specific pathogen, slower

Question 3

Defensins

Answer 3

Antibacterial enzymes on skin

Question 4

Lysozymes are an antibacterial compound found in

Answer 4

Tears and saliva

Question 5

B-cells mature in the

Answer 5

Bone marrow

Question 6

T-cells mature in the

Answer 6

Thymus

Question 7

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils are

Answer 7

Granulocytes

Question 8

Lymphocytes and monocytes are

Answer 8

Agranulocytes

Question 9

Specific immune response can be divided into

Answer 9

Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity

Question 10

Humoral immunity is driven by

Answer 10

B-cells and antibodies

Question 11

Cell-mediated immunity is driven by

Answer 11

T-cells

Question 12

Complement system

Answer 12

Various proteins in blood act as a nonspecific defense against bacteria, punch holes into bacteria

Question 13

Classical pathway of complement system

Answer 13

Requires antibodies

Question 14

Alternative pathway of complement system

Answer 14

Does not require antibodies

Question 15

Macrophages: innate vs adaptive

Answer 15

Innate

Question 16

Mast cell: innate vs adaptive

Answer 16

Innate

Question 17

Granulocytes: innate vs adaptive

Answer 17

Innate

Question 18

Dendritic cell: innate vs adaptive

Answer 18

Innate

Question 19

Natural killer cells: innate vs adaptive

Answer 19

Innate

Question 20

Macrophage

Answer 20

Engulfs and consumes pathogens

Question 21

MHC class I

Answer 21

Protein produced within a cell is presented on the surface of the cell, allowing immune system to monitor health of the cell and detect if the cell has been infeceted with a virus or intracellular pathogen

Question 22

MHC-I pathway is also called

Answer 22

Endogenous pathway

Question 23

MHC class II

Answer 23

Antigen-presenting cells pick up, process, and present external pathogens to MHC 2 to activate immune system

Question 24

Dendritic cells

Answer 24

Present antigens to adaptive immune cells

Question 25

Basophils and mast cells release

Answer 25

Histamine in response to allergens

Question 26

Eosinophils release

Answer 26

Histamine in response to allergens and parasitic infections

Question 27

Neutrophils target

Answer 27

Bacteria

Question 28

Natural killer cells destroy

Answer 28

Cells that do not present MHC e.g. virally infected/cancer cells

Question 29

MHC-I is found in

Answer 29

All nucleated cells

Question 30

What causes formation of pus during an infection?

Answer 30

Dead neutrophil collections

Question 31

What holds heavy and light chains together in antibodies

Answer 31

Disulfide bridges and noncovalent interactions

Question 32

Variable region in antibodies

Answer 32

Antigen-binding region that binds one specific antigen

Question 33

Clonal selection in B cells

Answer 33

Only B-cells that can bind the antigen with high affinity survive

Question 34

Upon exposure to an antigen, B-cells will develop into

Answer 34

Plasma cells and memory cells

Question 35

Primary response

Answer 35

Plasma cells produce antibodies, memory B-cells stay in lymph node

Question 36

Secondary response

Answer 36

Memory cells produce specific antibodies when same antigen is encountered

Question 37

Positive selection of T cells

Answer 37

Only T cells that can respond to presentation of antigen on MHC will mature

Question 38

Negative selection of T cells

Answer 38

T cells that attack self are destroyed

Question 39

Helper T cells

Answer 39

CD4+, secrete lymphokines, activate B cells

Question 40

CD4+ T cells respond to

Answer 40

MHC II, external antigens e.g. bacteria, fungi, parasites

Question 41

CD8+ T cells respond to

Answer 41

MHC I, intracellular infections e.g. viral

Question 42

Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 42

CD8+, directly kills infected cells by injecting toxic chemicals

Question 43

Suppressor T cells

Answer 43

Suppress immune response once infection has been contained

Question 44

Interferon

Answer 44

Produced by cells infected with viruses to prevent viral replication

Question 45

Purpose of self-antigen

Answer 45

Signal to immune cells that the cell is not foreign

Question 46

Autoimmunity

Answer 46

Immune cells attack cells expressing self-antigens

Question 47

Spleen

Answer 47

B cell development

Question 48

Thymus

Answer 48

T cell selection

Question 49

Thoracic duct

Answer 49

Connects lympathic system to cardiovascular system

Question 50

Lymph nodes cell interactions

Answer 50

Antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes

Question 51

Types of lymphocytes

Answer 51

T cell, B cell

Question 52

Antibody reaction against pathogens

Answer 52

1. Mark a pathogen by destruction by phagocytic cells 2. Cause pathogens to clump together for phagocytosis 3. Neutralize pathogen by preventing it from invade tissues