Nervous System

Question 1

Neuron vs tract

Answer 1

Tracts only carry one type of information

Question 2

Soma

Answer 2

Neuron cell body

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

Receive incoming messages from other cells

Question 4

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 4

Produce myelin in the central nervous system

Question 5

Schwann cells

Answer 5

Produce myelin in peripheral nervous system

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

Long appendage down which action potential travels

Question 7

Axon hillock

Answer 7

Integrates excitatory and inhibitory signals and fires action potential

Question 8

Myelin

Answer 8

Insulating substance that prevents signal loss

Question 9

Resting membrane potential

Answer 9

-70 mV

Question 10

Collection of cell bodies in central nervous system

Answer 10

Nuclei

Question 11

Collection of cell bodies in peripheral nervous system

Answer 11

Ganglion

Question 12

Where is action potential initiated

Answer 12

Axon hillock

Question 13

Na+/K+ ATPase

Answer 13

Pumps K+ in and Na+ out of cell

Question 14

What maintains resting membrane potential

Answer 14

Na+/K+ ATPase

Question 15

Central nervous system is made up of

Answer 15

Brain and spinal cord

Question 16

Peripheral nervous system is made up of

Answer 16

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 17

CNS is divided into

Answer 17

White matter and grey matter

Question 18

PNS is divided into

Answer 18

Somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (automatic) nervous systems

Question 19

White matter

Answer 19

Myelinated axons

Question 20

Grey matter

Answer 20

Unmyelinated dendrites and cell bodies

Question 21

Parasymphathetic

Answer 21

Rest and digest

Question 22

Sympathetic

Answer 22

Fight or flight

Question 23

Absolute refractory period

Answer 23

Cell is unable to fire another action potential

Question 24

Relative refractory period

Answer 24

Cell requires large stimulus to fire another action potential

Question 25

Monosynaptic reflex arc

Answer 25

Sensory neuron fires directly onto the motor neuron

Question 26

Polysynaptic reflex arc

Answer 26

Sensory neuron fires onto motor neuron + interneuron

Question 27

Sensory neurons

Answer 27

Transmit sensory information to brain and spinal cord

Question 28

Motor neurons

Answer 28

Transmit motor information from brain and spinal cord to muscles

Question 29

Interneurons

Answer 29

Found between other neurons, most numerous

Question 30

Nuclei

Answer 30

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

Question 31

Ganglia

Answer 31

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 32

Nerve

Answer 32

Bundle of axons

Question 33

Astrocytes

Answer 33

Nourish neurons and form the blood-brain barrier, protecting it from pathogens

Question 34

Microglia

Answer 34

Ingest and break down waste products and pathogens in the CNS

Question 35

Ependymal cells

Answer 35

Produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 36

Depolarization

Answer 36

Caused by excitatory input, influx of Na+ makes membrane potential more positive

Question 37

Hyperpolarization

Answer 37

Caused by inhibitory input, lower than resting potential

Question 38

Action potential steps

Answer 38

1. Na+ channels respond to depolarization, Na+ moves into the cell 2. Na+ channels are inactivated at +35 mV 3. K+ channels open, K+ is driven out of cell, results in restoration of negative membrane potential inside cell

Question 39

Repolarization

Answer 39

Restoration of negative membrane potential by driving out K+

Question 40

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 40

Exposed areas of myelinated axons, helps rapid signal conduction

Question 41

Saltatory conduction

Answer 41

Signal hops from node to node

Question 42

Chemical transmission

Answer 42

Neurotransmitters pass signals between neurons

Question 43

Electrical transmission

Answer 43

Electricity is used to pass signals within neuron

Question 44

Ion for neurotranmitter

Answer 44

Calcium

Question 45

Myelin sheath

Answer 45

Insulates signal, makes it faster

Question 46

Somatic and autonomic nerves are

Answer 46

Peripheral nervous system

Question 47

Dorsal root ganglia have

Answer 47

Sensory neurons

Question 48

Ventral root of spinal cord have

Answer 48

Motor neurons

Question 49

Spatial summation

Answer 49

Multiple signals close together in space

Question 50

Temporal summation

Answer 50

Multiple signals close together in time