cardiovascular system

Question 1

list the 4 components of blood

Answer 1

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma

Question 2

define red blood cells

Answer 2

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body and bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs

Question 3

define plasma

Answer 3

carries nutrients, hormones and waste products.

Question 4

define white blood cells

Answer 4

fight infections and protect the body from harmful invaders

Question 5

define platelets

Answer 5

help with blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding

Question 6

what is the role of haemoglobin

Answer 6

it is a protein in the red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues, than carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled

Question 7

what is the pathway of blood flow

Answer 7

• oxygen poor blood enters the right atrium of the heart, moves to the right ventricle, then is pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary artery for oxygen.
  -oxygen rich blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium, flows into the left ventricle, and is then pumped to the body via the aorta.

Question 8

what is heart rate

Answer 8

the number of heartbeats per minute.

Question 9

what is stroke volume

Answer 9

the amount of blood pumped per heartbeat

Question 10

what is cardiac output

Answer 10

the total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
(heart rate x stroke volume)

Question 11

explain the relationship between heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output.

Answer 11

These all work together to meet the body’s oxygen needs during physical activity.

Question 12

3 blood vessels

Answer 12

arteries, veins and capillaries

Question 13

define homeostasis

Answer 13

keeping the internal body environment in a steady state when the external environment has changed

Question 14

physiological responses to hypothermia

Answer 14

(too cold) shivering, blood vessels constrict to preserve heat, and metabolic rate increases to generate warmth lower then 35 degrees

Question 15

the physiological response to hyperthermia

Answer 15

when the body gains more heat than 37.5 degrees
sweating, blood vessels dilate to release heat, and increased circulation to the skin to cool the body

Question 16

define vasoconstriction during exercise

Answer 16

the blood vessels narrow to redirect blood to vital organs

Question 17

define vasodilation in exercise

Answer 17

blood vessels widen to increases blood flow to muscles during exercise, helping deliver more oxygen and nutrients