cardiovascular system Flashcards
(22 cards)
what are the 3 main features of the blood vessels as they move away from the heart ?
- arteries increase in number
- arteries decrease in diameter
- walls of arteries decrease in thickness
describe the classes of blood vessels
arteries
* carry blood away from heart
arterioles
* smallest branch of arteries
capillaries
* smallest blood vessel
* exchange between blood and interstitial fluid
venules
*collect blood from capillaries
veins
* returns blood to the heart
describe the superior and inferior vena cava
superior - main blood vessel that brings blood from the head and neck region and upper limb to the heart (RA)
inferior - bring blood from trunk and lower limb into the heart
label the aorta , pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins
describe the flow of blood
deoxygenated blood (R)
1. enters RA
2. travels through tricuspid valve
3. enters RV
4. travels through pulmonary valve and pulmonary trunk
5. blood is oxygenated in lungs
oxygenated blood (L)
1. enters LA
2. travels through bicuspid valve
3. enters LV
4.travels through aortic valve into the aorta and pumped around body
label the aorta
describe the subclavian artery
- branches off from brachiocephalic trunk
- runs under the clavicle and on top of the first rib - important relationship as if there is a bleed subclavian artery can be compressed against the rib to stop the bleed.
- at the lateral border of the First rib it becomes axillary artery
describe the axillary artery
- pectoralis minor divides it into 3 parts
- terminates at teres major muscle
- supplies armpit region
describe the brachial artery
describe the artery supply to forearm and hand
what are the clinical uses of the radial artery ?
- pulse
- coronary artery bypass
- allens test
where can you find a pulse if the radial artery is not available ?
describe the superficial veins of the upper limb
what helpful about the medial cubital vein ?
- runs superficially to bicipital aponeurosis. so protects veins and arteries during venepuncture
what is the purpose of venepuncture ?
- to obtain blood for diagnostic purposes;
- to monitor levels of blood components
- to administer therapeutic treatments including medications, nutrition, or chemotherapy;
- to remove blood due to excess levels of iron or erythrocytes (red blood cells); or
- to collect blood for later uses, mainlytransfusioneitherin the donororin another person.
label the abdominal aorta
describe the femoral triangle
label and describe the femoral artery
deep femoral artery - supplies most of the muscular compartments in the thigh
popliteal artery - back of knee
what is the popliteal fossa ?
region posterior to the knee joint
Contents (superficial to deep):
Tibial nerve (1)
Common fibular nerve (2)
Popliteal vein (3)
Popliteal artery (4)
Small saphenous vein (5)
Popliteal lymph nodes
label the arteries of the leg
where are some places to find pulse in lower limb ?
label and describe the lower limb veins
