intro Flashcards
(38 cards)
what is anatomy ?
the study of the structure of the human body
what is the integumentary system ?
- comprises of skin hair and nails
- protects inside of the body from disease and infections.
- synthesizes vitamin D
- houses sweat and oil
- has receptors that detect external stimuli ( pain, pressure , temp)
what is the skeletal system ?
- comprises of bones and connective tissue
- protects internal body organs
- framework that muscles use to move our body
what is the muscular system?
- allows us to move, maintain posture and helps to pump blood around the body
- helps to produce heat
what is the nervous system ?
- brain and spinal cord - CNS
- peripheral nerves - PNS
- responds to internal and external stimuli through receptors
- activates muscles and glands
what is the cardiovascular system ?
- transports blood around body
- heart = pump
- arteries and veins
what is the lymphatic system ?
- maintains fluid levels around the whole body via lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.
- allows protection from pathogens
what is the digestive system ?
- breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood and supply our body cells
- eliminates anything that is indigestible via feces
*
what is the urinary system ?
- eliminates nitrogenous waste
- regulator of blood volume , pressure and pH
- controls electrolyte and metabolite levels
what is the purpose of the reproductive system ?
- produce offspring
what is the respiratory system
- nasal , oral cavity , lungs and bronchial tree
- keeps the blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
what is the endocrine system?
- thymus , pituitary gland , pancreas, ovaries , testes , thyroid gland.
- secrete hormones to produce growth, reproduction, and metabolism via traveling through the blood.
name and describe some subdisciplines of anatomy
gross anatomy - the study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye during dissection. Examples: Bones, Muscles, Lungs
systemic anatomy - All organs with related functions are studied together.Examples:Nervous System, Musculoskeletal System, Cardiovascular System
regional anatomy - All organs present in one body cavity are studied together. Examples:Thoracic Cavity, Cranial Cavity, Abdominal Cavity, Pelvic Cavity
surface anatomy - the study of shapes and markings on the surface of the body that reveal the underlying organs
name some radiological imaging techniques and their functions
ultrasound - provides immediate and inexpensive visualisation of the internal organs.
MRI - produces high-contrast images of soft tissue
CT - uses x-ray images that are computer-enhanced
x-ray - visualisation of denser structures
what is a coronal plane?
- oriented vertically
- divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
what is a saggital plane ?
- orientated vertically
- divides body into right and left parts
what are the midsaggital and parasagittal planes ?
midsaggital - lies exactly in the midline vertically
parasaggital - lies near the midline
what is the transverse plane ?
- oriented horizontally
- divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
name and describe the body divisions
axial region - skull, thoracic cage,and vertebral column.
appendicular skeleton - upper and lower limb bones
what are directional terms?
allows us to explain where one structure lies in relation to another.
what do superior and inferior mean ?
superior - upper part of a structure/body
EX: head is superior to the neck
inferior - towards lower part of a structure of body
EX: thorax is inferior to the neck
what do medial and lateral mean ?
medial - towards the midline or inner side of the body
EX: heart is medial to the lungs
lateral - away from the midline of the body or on the outer side
EX: the lungs lie lateral to the heart
what do ipsilateral and contralateral mean ?
ipsilateral - same side
EX: right upper limb and right lower limb are ipsilateral
contralateral - opposite sides
EX: right upper limb and left lower limb and contralateral
what do anterior and posterior mean ?
anterior(ventral) - at the front of the body
EX: sternum is anterior to the heart
posterior(dorsal) - at the back of the body
EX: heart is posterior to the sternum
