Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Congenital heart defects

Answer 1

Structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth

Question 2

Congenital

Answer 2

Present at birth

Question 3

Atherosclerosis

Answer 3

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries from the builup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

Question 4

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 4

Condition where the arterise that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked

Question 5

Ischemia

Answer 5

Condition where there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body

Question 6

Angina (angina pectoris)

Answer 6

Secere episodes of chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium, or heart muscle

Question 7

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 7

Heart attack caused by occlusion or blockage of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque builup

Question 8

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Answer 8

Chronic condition in which the heart cannot pump out all of the blood it receives causing congestion of blood

Question 9

Left-sided heart failure

Answer 9

Causes an accumulation of fluid in the lungs, called pulmonary edema

Question 10

Right-sided heart failure

Answer 10

Causes fluid to build up throughout the rest of the body causing edema first in the feet and legs and then worsening to other parts of the body

Question 11

Cardiomegaly

Answer 11

Abnormal enlargement of the heart as it tries to compensate for its decreased pumping ability

Question 12

Carditis

Answer 12

Inflammation of the heart

Question 13

Endocarditis

Answer 13

Inflammation of the endocardium, or inner lining of the heart. If the inflammation is causing by a bacteria, bacterial _____

Question 14

Pericarditis

Answer 14

Inflammation of the pericardiual. Causes a fluid buildup in the pericardial sac which restricts movement of the heart and its abililty to pump blood to the body

Question 15

Myocarditis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the heart muscle itself, or myocardium

Question 16

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 16

Disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart to become enlarged and to pump in a wealer fashion. Disease progression is slow and is often discovered only when the disease is advanced

Question 17

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 17

Disease involves abnormal thickening of the heart muscle making it harder for the to pump

Question 18

Restricitive cardiomyopathy

Answer 18

Type refers to the heart muscle bacoming stiff and less flexible, preventing expansion and filling with blood between heart contractions

Question 19

Arrhythmia

Answer 19

Loss of normal rhythm of the heartbest. Can be a fatal event or it can be temporary

Question 20

Asystole

Answer 20

Called flat line. Refers to a complete lack of electrical activity in the heart indicating no heart contraction and no blood pumping through the body

Question 21

Cardiac arrest

Answer 21

Ebent in which the heart abruptly stops beating, preventing blood from being pumped through the body

Question 22

Sudden cardiac death

Answer 22

Results when treatment of cardiac arrest is not provided within a few minutes

Question 23

Heart block

Answer 23

Arrhythmia caused by

Question 24

Bradycardia

Answer 24

Abnormally slow resting heart rate

Question 25

Tachycardia

Answer 25

Abnormally fast resting heart rate

Question 26

Ventricular fibtillation

Answer 26

Rapid, irregular, and useless contraction of the ventricles. The heart muscle basically quivers and little blood is pumped through the body

Question 27

Palpitation

Answer 27

Pounding or racing heartbeat with or without irregularity in rhythm

Question 28

Atrial fibrillation

Answer 28

Common type of tachcardia resulting from abnormal contractions of the atria. Atria contracts rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall

Question 29

Vasculitis

Answer 29

Inflammation of a blood vessel

Question 30

Arteritis

Answer 30

Refers to inflammation of the artery

Question 31

Angiostenosis

Answer 31

Abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

Question 32

Hemangioma

Answer 32

Benign tumor formed by blood and lymph vessels. It is often considered to be a birthmark

Question 33

Hypoperfusion

Answer 33

Insufficient perfusion, or blood flow, through a body part or organ

Question 34

Aneurysm

Answer 34

Weak spot in an artery. Weak spot begins to fill up with blood causing the artery to balloon out due to blood pressure

Question 35

Arteriostenosis

Answer 35

Narrowing of an artery diminishing the blood flow to the area

Question 36

Venous insufficiency

Answer 36

Condition is where there is insufficient venous circulation because of partial blockage in a vein or leaking through vein valves

Question 37

Phlebitis

Answer 37

Inflammation of a vein

Question 38

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 38

When the vein contains a clot (thrombus) blocking the flow of blood

Question 39

Thrombosis

Answer 39

Blood clot in the vessel

Question 40

Coronary thrombosis

Answer 40

If the clot is in the coronary artery

Question 41

Deep vein thrombosis

Answer 41

If it is a deep vein

Question 42

Embolism

Answer 42

Sudden blockage of a blood vessel by either air or fat

Question 43

Peripheral vascular disease

Answer 43

Disorders of blood vessels include those located outside of the heart and brain and include those of legs, arms, stomach, and kidneys

Question 44

Raynaud's disease

Answer 44

Peripheral arterial occlusive diease where cold or stress causes intermittent attacks

Question 45

Hemochromatosis

Answer 45

Genetic disorder is when the intestines absorb too much iron. The excess iron aaccumulates in organs causing damage

Question 46

Leukopenia

Answer 46

Decrease in the number of white blood cells in the blood

Question 47

Polycythemia

Answer 47

Abnormal increase in red blood cells in the blood because the bone marrow produces too many

Question 48

Sepsis

Answer 48

Also called blood poisoning. Bacterial, viral, or other pathogenic infection of the blood

Question 49

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 49

Condition in which there is an abnormal small number of platelets in the blood

Question 50

Hemorrhage

Answer 50

Loss of a significant amount of blood in a short time

Question 51

Thrombocytosis

Answer 51

Abnormal increase in plateles in the blood

Question 52

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 52

Describes elevated cholesterol and fatty substances in the blood

Question 53

Leukmia

Answer 53

Type of blood cancer where there is a progressive increase in the number of abnormal white blood cells produced by blood-forming tissues and other organs and in the blood

Question 54

Anemia

Answer 54

Abnormally low number of red blood cells in the blod

Question 55

Hypertension

Answer 55

Abnormally high blood pressure. Normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg

Question 56

Hypotension

Answer 56

Abnormally low blood pressure