Urinary System Flashcards
(23 cards)
Blood condition of urine
Uremia
Rapid bleeding from the urethra
Urethrorhagia
Instrument to measure urine
Urinometer
Condition of no urine
Anuria
Condition of sugar in the urine
Glycosuria
Renal artery
Brings blood to the kidneys through the hilum.
The blood coming into the kidneys through the renal artery is
the same oxygen-rich blood pumped from the heart - but it is
full of nitrogenous waste and must be filtered before it can
return to the rest of the body
renal vein
carries the clean blood back out of the kidney
and drains into the vena cava
cortex
is the outer portion of the kidney; it is the shell
of the kidney, located between the renal capsule and the
renal medulla. This part of the kidney contains most of
the renal corpuscles, which are the first parts of the
nephron and the renal tubules
medulla, or renal medulla
is the inner portion of the kidney. Inside the medulla are about a dozen triangular-shaped renal pyramids. Where the cortex is the outside of the kidney
renal pyramids
Located in the medulla, the renal pyramids point in toward
the hilum. The pyramids end in a tip called the renal papilla.
calyx
is continuous with the renal pelvis and ultimately
the ureter. Urine is formed in the nephrons of the renal
Pyramids and drains into the renal papilla, where it is
collected by the calyx. Minor calyces drain into the major one
and then into the renal pelvis.
renal papilla
At the tip of the renal pyramid, the renal papilla opens into the
calyx.
renal pelvis
Located in the center of the kidney, the renal pelvis collects
the urine funneled to it from the major calyces. From the
pelvis, urine drains into the ureter.
hilum
is the depression in each kidney where the renal
artery and renal nerves enter, as well as leaves. The hilum is also the apex of the
where the renal vein
renal pelvis.
nephrons
The nephrons are the working units in the kidneys. They number about
one million per kidney and are located in the cortex (parts of every
nephron are located in the medulla). The nephrons are where the
water. the salts, the urea, and the other substances diffuse out of the
blood.
The nephron is the “functional unit”; it is the part that purifies and
filters.
A nephron is made up of the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule.
The renal corpuscle filters the blood, and the waste is filtered into the
renal tubule to manufacture the urine.
Filtration
occurs in the renal corpuscles. Blood enters the glomerulus, a ball of capillaries encased by the glomerular capsule (also known as Bowman’s capsule), through the afferent arteriole. The glomerulus is the main filter of the nephron and resembles a mass of twisted tubing. It is here that the filtering takes place. The blood passes out of the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole. The filtered water and wastes pass out through a continuous tube; the first part of that tube is called the proximal convoluted tubule.
Reabsorption
The filtrate, primarily made up of water and excess salts such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), travels through the remaining three parts of the tube: the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tube (typicaly called the tubule), and then the connecting tube or duct. As the filtrate travels, the majority of the water and electrolytes are reabsorbed into the peritubular capiliaries and re-enter the circulating blood.
Secretion
During the last step in the production of urine, additional waste substances - including excess acids, potassium, and drugs - are secreted by specialized cells directly into the renal tubule.
urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is an elastic sac of muscles that holds the
urine until it can be voided through the urethra. The urine is kept
inside the bladder by the involuntary internal sphincter muscle. It
is the voluntary external sphincter that we can control; the ability
to control the external sphincter develops in most children around
the age of two or three
Urathra
sole function is to remove the urine from the body
Urinary meatus
Urethra allows us to expel the urine through an external opening of The body
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
Damage to the renel tubular cells
Nephrontoxic ATN
presence of toxins
