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Medical Terminology > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the fascia

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2
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Debilitating and chronic condition where the person has fatigue, extreme weakness and experiences muscle, joint and bone pain

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3
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon caused by excessive use or an unusual use

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4
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

A

Disorder that affects many vodily systems and is characterized by profound fatigue, extreme weakness and pain in the muscles, joints and bone

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5
Q

Mucsle tone

A

Tone refers to the state of balance of muscle tension caused by muscle contraction and relaxation

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6
Q

Atonic

A

Refers to the lack of normal muscle tone and strength

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7
Q

Dystonia

A

Abnormal muscle tone that interferes with normal muscle functions

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8
Q

Hypotonia

A

Diminishing of skeletal muscles. This limits passive movement

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9
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Chronic autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction

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10
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are overused over time and become inflamed and swollen

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11
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to a joints caused by a wrenching or tearing of the ligament in the joint

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12
Q

Strain

A

Injukkkkry to a muscle ot the attached tendons usually associated with overuse or stretching or tearing of the muscle or tendon

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13
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of a specific tendon caused by overuse or severe stretching

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14
Q

IT band syndrome (ITBS)

A

Iliotibial band, run from the hip bone across the leg to the tibia

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15
Q

Shin Splints

A

Condition in which the muslce tears away from the tibia or shin bone causing significant pain

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16
Q

Atrophy

A

Wearing away of the muscle fibers because of disuse causing fatigue and weakness

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17
Q

Myalgia

A

Muscle pain and tenderness

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18
Q

Myolysis

A

Degeneration or breakdown of the muscle tissue

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19
Q

Polymyositis

A

Muscle disease in which there is inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in parts of the body

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20
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Loss of muscle mass, strength and function that come with aging

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21
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of coordination of voluntary movement

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22
Q

Contracture

A

Permanent tightening of fascia , muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when non-elastic fibrous tissues replaces the normally elastic connective tissue

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23
Q

MUslce Spasm

A

Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

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24
Q

Cramp

A

Also called charley horse. Localized muscle spasm that is painful

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25
Muscular dystrophy (MD)
Group of over 30 genetic diseases causing progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles
26
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
Most common type of muscular dystrophy in children. Mainly in boys
27
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)
Smiliar to, but less severe than DMD
28
Paralysis
Both sensation and voluntary muscle movement because of damage to the neves controllingk the muscles
29
Myoparesis
Slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness
30
Hemiparsis
Slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness occurring on only one side of the body
31
Hemiplegia
Total paralysis on the side of the body commonly caused by a stroke or brin injury injury to the spinal cord
32
Paraplegia
Complete paralysis of the lower part of the body and legs typically caused by damage to the spinal cord
33
Quqadriplegia
Complete paralysi of the upper extremities and body and lower extremities and body
34
Repetitive stress disorders
Muscluar conditions that result from repeated motions performed as one dose normal work, daily activities, recreation movements, ect
35
Compartment syndrome
Compression of nerves and blood vessels caused by swelling within the encolsed space crested by the fascia separating groups of muscles
36
Overuse injuries
Tissue injuies that do not have time to rest and heal
37
Overuse tendinitis
Inflammation of the tendons caused by overuse or overual use of a joint
38
Ankylosis
Loss or absence of mobility in a joint because of disease, injury, or a surgical procedure
39
Arthrosclerosis
Stiffness of the joint and is common in the elderly
40
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa, or cushioning sac in the joint, causing pain
41
Chondromalacia
Abnormal softening of the cartilage in a joint causing pain with movement
42
Sprain
Ligament that connects bones together is stretched beyond its limits or torn
43
Synovitis
Inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint resulting in pain and swelling
44
Dislocation
Also called luxation. Total dislocation of a bone from its joint
45
Subluxation
Dislocation is only partial displacement of a bone it's joint
46
Arthritis
Inflammation condiltion of a joint
47
Osteoarthritis
Arthritis is associated with wear-and-tear because of overuse, sports, or aging
48
Spondylosis
Also called spinal osteoarthritis. Describes the loss of normal spinal structure and function
49
Gout and Gouty arthritis
Arthritis caused by deposits of uric acid crystals in a joint which can make the joint painful, red and warm
50
Rheulmatoid Arthritis (RA)
Chronic autoimmune disorder attacking not only the joint but other organs as well
51
Ankylosing spondylitis
Rheumatoid arthritis leading to inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
52
Jkuvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Autoimmune disorder sffects children ages 16 years or younger
53
Herniated disk
Slipped or ruptured disk
54
Lumbago
Low back pain or pain in the lumbar region of the spine
55
Spondylolisthesis
Slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrtum in the forward direction
56
Spina bifida
Congenital defect that occurs early in pregnancy. Spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord resulting in a lack of protection
57
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral or sideward, curvature of the spine
58
Lordosis
Also called swayback. Abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine
59
Kyphosis
Also called humpback or dowager's hump. Abnormal increase in the outward curature of the thoracic spine if viewed from the side
60
Craniostenosis
A problem with the formation of the skull where there is a premature closure of the cranial sutures after birth
61
Osteitis or Ostitis
Inflammation of a bone
62
Periostitis
Inflammation of the perioteum of the bone. Perioteum is the surrounding lining of the bone
63
Rickets
Deficiency of vitamin D required to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in the bone resulting in problematic bone growth
64
Osteomalacia
Also called adult rickets. Abnormal softening of bones in adults but can also affect children
65
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone caused by a bacterial infection often in another part of the body
66
Paget's disease
Chronic bone disease characterized by an abnormal breakdown of the bone beginning in the pelvis, skull, spine and legs
67
Osteoporosis
Loss of bone density resulting in increased porosity of the bone often assocciated with aging
68
Osteopenia
Bone density that is thinner and normal
69
Compression Fractures
Fractures are often seen in people with osteoporosis
70
Colles' fracture
Type of fracture occurs in the lower end of the radius often when people try to break a fall and land on their hands
71
Closed fracture
Also called simple fracture. When the bone is broken but does not puncture the skin
72
Open fracture
Also called compound fracture because not only is the bone broken, but it breaks the skin forming a wound in the tissue
73
Comminuted fracture
Fracture where the bone is crushed or splintered into small pieces
74
Greenstick fracture
When the bone is only partially broken
75
Oblique fracture
Type of fracture occurs when the break occurs across the bone at an angle
76
Transverse fracture
Occurs straight across the bone
77
Pathologic fracture
Occurs when the bone is weakened because of disease or with excessive impact, overuse or injury
78
Spiral fracture
When the bone is twisted around its axis
79
Avulsed fracture
When part of the bone is chipped away at the end
80
Segmental fracture
When the bone is broken into multiple pieces
81
Primary bone cancer
Malignant tumor that originates in the bone
82
Secondary bone cancer
Tumors that spread, or metastasized, to bone from other orgen
83
Myeloma
Cancer occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow
84
Osteochondroma
Benign bony project covered with cartilage
85
Osteosarcoma
Bone cancer that begins in the cells that form the bones and is typically found in long bones often in the legs
86
Bone marrow transplant (BMT)
Treat leukemia and lymphomas which affect the bone marrow
87
Allogenic bone marrow transplant
Method uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor
88
Autologous bone marrow transplant
This methed uses the patient's own bone marrow cells which have been harvested, cleaned, tresated, and stored before the bone marrow is destroyed

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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