Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(24 cards)
Losartan belongs to what drug class?
ARB- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
What condition does losartan treat?
high blood pressure/hypertension and prevent stroke
What are some side effects of losartan?
Angioedema (swelling under the skin)
Hypotension
Dizziness
Headache
What are some interactions when taking losartan?
Other meds that treat hypertension can potentiate hypotension
NSAIDs lower effectiveness of losartan and increases risk of renal problems
What is the purpose of diurectics?
To treat heart failure:
Loop-potassium depleting
Thiazide
Potassium sparing
How do loop diuretics work?
Treat pulmonary edema in heart failure, edema caused by renal, hepatic, or cardiac failure not affected by other diuretics, as well as hypertension that is not controlled by other types of diuretics.
What are some adverse effects of loop diuretics?
Electrolyte imbalances especially hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and dehydration
What are some symptoms of hypokalemia?
irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotension, anxiety, confusion, skeletal muscle weakness
When potassium has been depleted, what foods can the client eat that is high in potassium?
Raisins
Baked potato
Tomato sauce in can
Squash
Spinach
Bananas
Prunes
When taking furosemide, what precautions should be considered?
People with diabetes or renal disorders
Which drug is a cardiac glycoside?
Digoxin
What is digoxin digitalis used for?
Treats dysrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.
How does digoxin work?
Increases cardiac contractility by inhibiting sodium potassium-ATPase
What are some early signs of digoxin toxicity?
nausea and vomiting
What is the most dangerous adverse effect of digoxin?
severe life-threatening dysrhythmias
What is the main drug used to treat angina?
Nitroglycerin
What drug class does nitroglycerin belong?
Nitrates
How do nitrates work to treat angina?
A series of enzyme reactions cause dilation of the cardiac veins which decreases the oxygen demand on the heart.
The main adverse reaction in use of nitroglycerin is ?
Headache
What are some other side effects of nitroglycerin, besides headache?
Hypotension and tachycardia
If anginal pain is not resolved with 5 minutes of taking nitroglycerin, what should the client do?
Call 911, do not continue using nitroglycerin, as they may be having a myocardial infarction.
What are some things to note when administering nitroglycerin via transdermal patch?
Use caution when handling a transdermal patch, because of risk of absorption. Wear gloves and handle with care
Transdermal patches are for prevention only and the client should remove them for part of the day and rotate sites.
What are the administration routes of nitroglycerin?
Sublingual
Ointment or patch
IV
Translingual spray
