Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Functions of blood

Answer 1

Transport of cells and compounds
Regulate pH and electrocutes of interstitial fluids (fluid in between cells)
Limit blood loss through damaged vessels
Defends against pathogens, toxins
Absorb, distribute heat as part of temperature regulation

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

It’s the liquid of the blood. Made of 90 percent water. It’s about half of your blood. Made in the liver

Question 3

Platelets

Answer 3

Help stop bleeding by releasing fibrin which traps bloods cells and platelets form to stop bleeding.

Question 4

Red blood cells

Answer 4

Called erythrocytes. Carry oxygen from lungs to cells in the body. Made mostly of hemoglobin. Takes CO2 and takes it back to lungs. About 5,000,000 RBCs in one drop of blood. Red blood cells are about 45% of whole blood volume.

Question 5

White blood cells

Answer 5

Called leukocytes. Protects the body from germs and attack and destroy germs when they enter the body.

Question 6

Hemopoiesis

Answer 6

The cellular pathways by which the formed elements are produced.

Question 7

Erythropoiesis

Answer 7

Process for formation of red blood cells. Occurs mainly in the bone barrow.

Question 8

Hemoglobin

Answer 8

Carries oxygen and CO2 and makes up 95% of red blood cells

Question 9

Hemostasis

Answer 9

Process that stops the loss of blood from a damaged vessel.
3 phases: vascular phase (local contraction of injured vessel) 2) platelet phase (platelets stick to damaged vessel wall)
3) coagulation phase (clotting factors in plasma form blood clot)

Question 10

Why is O universal donor?

Answer 10

It has neither Anti A nor anti B antibodies. Type O can only receiver type O blood.

Question 11

Why is AB universal receiver?

Answer 11

Cause it has both antibodies

Question 12

What happens when the wrong blood is given?

Answer 12

The bodies attacks the wrong blood and it kills itself. The blood selves themselves attack each other.

Question 13

Items transported in blood

Answer 13

Nutrients, water, oxygen, and waste products

Question 14

Hematocrit

Answer 14

Percentage of whole blood volume taken up by formed elements (mostly RBCs). “Crit”
- when someone has low red blood cells level

Question 15

Veins

Answer 15

Receive blood from the capillaries and carry the blood to the heart. They are thinner than arteries. They have valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards.

Question 16

Arteries

Answer 16

Carry blood away from the heart. Walls are very thick. Under high pressure.

Question 17

Capillaries

Answer 17

Very thin. Connect arteries and veins. Oxygen and nutrients pass through the walls of the capillaries to the organ cells. Waste products travel for organ cells, through the capillary walls, to the blood.

Question 18

Layers of blood vessels

Answer 18

Tunica intima: inmost layer made of endothelial cells
Tunica media: middle layer (SMOOTH MUSCLE)
Tunica externa: connective tissue

Question 19

Why so left ventricular myocardium thicker than the right?

Answer 19

Because the left takes more force because it has to pump harder through all the vessels.

Question 20

Sequence of blood flow in the heart, be able to diagram

Answer 20

Okay

Question 21

Coronary circulation

Answer 21

Blood flow to the heart. It needs lots of blood flow because it is always working.

Question 22

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 22

Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, no back to the heart again

Question 23

Coronary circulation

Answer 23

Movement of blood through the tissues of the heart

Question 24

Systematic circulation

Answer 24

Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughout the body, except for the heart and lungs

Question 25

What does the right atria and ventricle do?

Answer 25

Right atria: receives blood from the body that is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide which sends it to the right ventricle Right ventricle: pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs

Question 26

What does the left atria and ventricle do?

Answer 26

Left atria: oxygen rich blood moves from the lungs into the left atrium Left ventricle: pumps oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body

Question 27

Superior and inferior venae cavae (only to right side)

Answer 27

Large veins carry systematic blood to right atrium

Question 28

Pulmonary arteries and veins

Answer 28

Pulmonary veins carry blood to left atria Pulmonary veins take oxy blood back to the heart The pulmonary artery is the vessel transporting de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 29

Aorta

Answer 29

The aorta carries blood from the left ventricle to the body

Question 30

Septums

Answer 30

The septum prevents oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood from mixing in the heart

Question 31

Valves

Answer 31

The valves prevent the backward flow of blood

Question 32

Coronary arteries

Answer 32

Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle.

Question 33

Layers of the heart

Answer 33

Epicardium: outermost layer, serous membrane Myocardium: middle layer, thick muscle layer Endocardium: inner lining of pumping chambers

Question 34

Coronary circulation

Answer 34

Coronary circulation meets heavy demands of myocardium for oxygen, nutrients When one of the coronary arteries becomes blocked, the result is a myocardial infarction (heart attack) caused by necrosis of the heart tissue that is deprived of blood flow

Question 35

Types of cardiac cells

Answer 35

Contractile cells: provide the lumping action | Cells of the conducting system: generate and spread the action potential (pacemaker cells and conducting cells)