Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(22 cards)
How many chambers does the normal adult heart have?
Four (4)
TRUE OR FALSE
There are four heart valves.
TRUE
Complete the sequence
SA Node -> (a) -> (b) -> Bundle branches -> (c)
a. AV Node
b. AV Bundle
c. Purkinje Fibers
TRUE OR FALSE
Systole - relaxation
Diastole - contraction
FALSE
Systole - contraction
Diastole - relaxation
The ECG
P - _________________
QRS - ______________
T - _________________
P - atrial depolarization
QRS - depolarization of ventricles
T - ventricular depolarization
It is the amount of blood that the heart must pump for every beat.
Preload
It is the amount of pressure that the heart must generate to pump blood into the aorta.
Afterload
It is the ability of the heart to change its exertion force without changing the resting length of its muscle fibers.
Cardiac contractility
Determines the frequency with which blood is ejected from the heart.
Heart rate
It is the inability of the heart to pump blood, oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
Pump failure
Complete the list for Hypertension risk factors
F - R - A - I - L -
F - family history R - race A - age-related BP increase I - insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities L - lifestyle factors
Hypertension may be classified as _________ which means that there are no detectable related diseases and ____________ in which there is an accompanying disorder
Essential; secondary
The Framingham study has identified multiple risk factors that are both modifiable and non-modifiable in developing coronary artery disease. Complete the list.
F -
R -
A -
G -
O - C - H - I - P - E - D -
F - family history
R - race
A - age
G - gender
O - obesity C - cigarette smoking H - hypertension I - impaired glucose tolerance P - physical inactivity E - elevated serum lipids D - diet high in cholesterol and fats
It is a clinical syndrome usually characterized by episodes of paroxysms of pain on the anterior chest due to a lack of O2.
Angina
It is a predictable form of angina which is usually caused by the same triggers.
Stable angina
In this type of angina, there is a change in an already established pattern which may or may not indicate the onset of a more severe form of angina.
Unstable angina
This type of angina may be experienced by a patient even when at rest and is commonly caused by a coronary artery spasm.
Variant angina
It is a form of oxygen deprivation (ischemia) to the cardiac muscle without the client experiencing any symptoms associated with angina.
Silent ischemia
It refers to the irreversible necrosis of myocardium because of an abrupt decrease or total cessation of blood flow.
Myocardial infarction
Valve defects may either be __________ or ________.
Regurgitant; stenotic
____________ is characterized by the more forceful exertion of the LA and RV hypertrophy and failure.
Mitral valve stenosis
Characterized by LV and LA dilation and hypertrophy.
Mitral valve regurgitation
