Cardiovascular System

Question 1

How many chambers does the normal adult heart have?

Answer 1

Four (4)

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE

There are four heart valves.

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Complete the sequence

SA Node -> (a) -> (b) -> Bundle branches -> (c)

Answer 3

a. AV Node
b. AV Bundle
c. Purkinje Fibers

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE

Systole - relaxation
Diastole - contraction

Answer 4

FALSE

Systole - contraction
Diastole - relaxation

Question 5

The ECG

P - _________________
QRS - ______________
T - _________________

Answer 5

P - atrial depolarization
QRS - depolarization of ventricles
T - ventricular depolarization

Question 6

It is the amount of blood that the heart must pump for every beat.

Answer 6

Preload

Question 7

It is the amount of pressure that the heart must generate to pump blood into the aorta.

Answer 7

Afterload

Question 8

It is the ability of the heart to change its exertion force without changing the resting length of its muscle fibers.

Answer 8

Cardiac contractility

Question 9

Determines the frequency with which blood is ejected from the heart.

Answer 9

Heart rate

Question 10

It is the inability of the heart to pump blood, oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.

Answer 10

Pump failure

Question 11

Complete the list for Hypertension risk factors

F - 
R - 
A - 
I - 
L -

Answer 11

F - family history
R - race
A - age-related BP increase
I - insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities
L - lifestyle factors

Question 12

Hypertension may be classified as _________ which means that there are no detectable related diseases and ____________ in which there is an accompanying disorder

Answer 12

Essential; secondary

Question 13

The Framingham study has identified multiple risk factors that are both modifiable and non-modifiable in developing coronary artery disease. Complete the list.

F -
R -
A -
G -

O - 
C - 
H - 
I - 
P - 
E - 
D -

Answer 13

F - family history
R - race
A - age
G - gender

O - obesity
C - cigarette smoking
H - hypertension
I - impaired glucose tolerance
P - physical inactivity
E - elevated serum lipids
D - diet high in cholesterol and fats

Question 14

It is a clinical syndrome usually characterized by episodes of paroxysms of pain on the anterior chest due to a lack of O2.

Answer 14

Angina

Question 15

It is a predictable form of angina which is usually caused by the same triggers.

Answer 15

Stable angina

Question 16

In this type of angina, there is a change in an already established pattern which may or may not indicate the onset of a more severe form of angina.

Answer 16

Unstable angina

Question 17

This type of angina may be experienced by a patient even when at rest and is commonly caused by a coronary artery spasm.

Answer 17

Variant angina

Question 18

It is a form of oxygen deprivation (ischemia) to the cardiac muscle without the client experiencing any symptoms associated with angina.

Answer 18

Silent ischemia

Question 19

It refers to the irreversible necrosis of myocardium because of an abrupt decrease or total cessation of blood flow.

Answer 19

Myocardial infarction

Question 20

Valve defects may either be __________ or ________.

Answer 20

Regurgitant; stenotic

Question 21

____________ is characterized by the more forceful exertion of the LA and RV hypertrophy and failure.

Answer 21

Mitral valve stenosis

Question 22

Characterized by LV and LA dilation and hypertrophy.

Answer 22

Mitral valve regurgitation