Oxygenation

Question 1

This is the most potent stimulant during oxygenation.

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide

Question 2

This means that there is an insufficient supply of oxygen required by the body.

Answer 2

Hypoxia

Question 3

This type of hypoxia is for when there is a deficiency in the oxygen exchange in the lungs.

Answer 3

Hypoxic hypoxia

Question 4

This type of hypoxia is for when the body cannot transport oxygen even though it’s available.

Answer 4

Anemic hypoxia

Question 5

This type of hypoxia is for when there is insufficient blood flow.

Answer 5

Stagnant hypoxia

Question 6

This type of hypoxia is considered fake because one’s oxygenation levels maybe normal or even higher.

Answer 6

Histotoxic hypoxia

Question 7

Complete the formula:

V02 = ____ x _____ x ____ x (_____ - _____)

Answer 7

The attached formula is for oxygen delivery

V02 = 1.39 x Q x Hb x (SaO2 - SvO2)

where Q = blood flow (ml/min)
Hb = hemoglobin (gm/dl)
SaO2 = % saturation of arterial blood (100 mmHg)
SvO2 = % saturation of venous blood (40 mmHg)

Question 8

What are the three main functions of the blood?

Answer 8

1. Transportation
2. Regulation
3. Protection

Question 9

This is the physiologic act of bleeding control.

Answer 9

Hemostasis

Question 10

Scabs are made up of which material?

Answer 10

Fibrin

Question 11

Erythrocytes easily pass through the blood vessels because of its _____________.

Answer 11

Biconcave shape

Question 12

YES OR NO - the ff. steps of hemostasis is arranged in the proper order

Coagulation phase - activation of clotting system and clot formation
Platelet phase - platelet aggregation and adhesion
Vascular phase
Clot destruction - ezymatic destruction of clot
Clot retraction - contraction of blood clot

Answer 12

NO - the steps are not in order

Vascular phase
Platelet phase - platelet aggregation and adhesion
Coagulation phase - activation of clotting system and clot formation
Clot retraction - contraction of blood clot
Clot destruction - ezymatic destruction of clot

Question 13

The liver functions as a _________ and __________.

Answer 13

Reserve RBC supply; iron storage, plasma protein and clotting factor synthesizer

Question 14

The spleen functions as a _________ and _________.

Answer 14

Reserve RBC supply; removes old RBCs from circulation

Question 15

The bone marrow is _________________.

Answer 15

Where RBCs and plasma are formed.

Question 16

It is the process of RBC production.

Answer 16

Erythropoeisis

Question 17

The hormone ____________ is produced in the _________ which stimulates the bone marrow to produce more RBCs.

Answer 17

Erythropoietin; kidneys

Question 18

It is a type of anemia caused by an increase in the RBCs rate of destruction.

Answer 18

Hemolytic anemia

Question 19

This anemia is may be caused by defective heme synthesis and symptoms include pallor along with glossitis and cheilitis.

Answer 19

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 20

This causes megaloblastic anemia because the GI tract is not producing enough intrinsic factor - a necessary substance in the absorption of this mineral. This condition is coupled with altered thought processes like confusion and dementia.

Answer 20

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12 Deficiency)

Question 21

This is the main cause of _________ anemia in which RBCs are large and few. The main difference of this from the previous type of anemia is that there is an absence of neurologic conditions.

Answer 21

Folic Acid Deficiency; magablastic anemia

Question 22

This is an autosomal recessive condition in which there is an irregularity in the production of either the alpha or beta globin chains - leading to a decrease in hemoglobin production.

Answer 22

Thalassemia

Question 23

_____________ is a type of anemia caused by bone marrow failure. It’s called ______________ if it’s inherited.

Answer 23

Aplastic anemia; fanconia anemia

Question 24

Pancytopenia is when there is a decrease in _________________.

Answer 24

All blood cell types

Question 25

This condition is autosomal recessive in which the hemoglobin component of an erythrocyte is malformed - leading to difficulty in transportation. This may also lead to a painful vasooclusive condition.

Answer 25

Sickle Cell Disease

Question 26

It is caused by lesions and wounds where one is losing blood faster than they’re producing it.

Answer 26

Blood loss

Question 27

This condition is characterized by having a decrease in platelets causing problems in the clotting cascade. It may be autoimmune.

Answer 27

Thrombocytopenia

Question 28

This is a condition characterized by an overload of iron in the blood. Furthermore, it may cause liver, heart, and pancreas failure.

Answer 28

Hemochromatosis

Question 29

Hyperviscosity is when ______________

Answer 29

There is an excess of red blood cell mass.