Inflammation and the Altered Immune System

Question 1

It is a nonspecific, localized, immune reaction which aims to localize pathogenic agents.

Answer 1

Inflammation

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE

Inflammation consists of only metabolic responses to a pathogenic agent.

Answer 2

FALSE

Inflammation is comprised of vascular, metabolic, and cellular changes in response to pathogenic agents.

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE

There are only two (2) types of exogenous agents, namely: physical and chemical agents.

Answer 3

FALSE

There are three (3) exogenous agents: physical, chemical, and biological agents.

Question 4

YES OR NO - the ff. terms are associated correctly with their descriptions

Calor - heat
Rubor - redness
Tumor - swelling
Functio laesa - loss of function
Dolor - pain

Answer 4

YES

Question 5

The inflammatory reaction takes place at the microcirculatory level and is composed of the following changes:

(a) _________ -> Cellular response -> (b) _________ -> (c) _________

Answer 5

(a) Tissue damage
(b) Metabolic changes
(c) Tissue repair

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE

Prostaglandins are lipid soluble molecules that aid in vasoconstriction, increased capillary permeability, histamine potentiation, BP lowering and more.

Answer 6

TRUE OR FALSE

Prostaglandins are lipid soluble molecules that aid in VASODILATION, increased capillary permeability, histamine potentiation, BP lowering and more.

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE

Histamine and leukotrienes are antagonistic in that they have different purposes in the inflammatory response.

Answer 7

FALSE

Histamine and leukotrienes are complementary in that they serve similar functions in the inflammatory response.

Question 8

This causes dilation and increased capillary permeability, dilation of precapillary arterioles, endothelial cell contraction, and postcapillary venule dilation which acts through H1 receptors.

Answer 8

Histamine

Question 9

This is a potent eosinophil chemoattractant and plasma protein extravascularization - a cause of edema. This also induces the platelet aggregation complex.

Answer 9

Platelet activating factor

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE

The vascular response has three (3) steps with the order:

(1) Momentary Vasoconstriction
(2) Passive Vasodilation
(3) Active Vasodilation

Answer 10

FALSE

The vascular response has three (3) steps with the order:

(1) Momentary Vasoconstriction
(2) Active Vasodilation
(3) Passive Vasodilation

Question 11

It is marked by the movement of phagocytic white blood cells into the area of injury composed mainly of granulocytes and monocytes.

Answer 11

Cellular Response

Question 12

YES OR NO - the ff. steps in the cellular response are correctly matched

Pavementing - release of chemical mediators
Emigration - leukocytes migrate into tissue spaces
Chemotaxis - leukocyte migration in response to a chemical signal
Phagocytosis - engulfing and degradation of debris and bacteria by means of macrophages

Answer 12

YES

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE

Protein metabolism is increased and skeletal muscle anabolism occurs to provide amino acids for tissue repair.

Answer 13

FALSE

Protein metabolism is increased and skeletal muscle CATABOLISM occurs to provide amino acids for tissue repair.

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE

Aerobic utilization of glucose is increased due to hypoxia along with decreased production of lactic and pyruvic acids.

Answer 14

FALSE

ANAEROBIC utilization of glucose is increased due to hypoxia along with INCREASED production of lactic and pyruvic acids.

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE

There is an increase in the formation of ketones and fatty acids.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

TRUE OR FALSE

There is a decrease in extracellular K+ concentration.

Answer 16

FALSE

There is a INCREASE in extracellular K+ concentration.