Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Define the term ‘heart rate’

Answer 1

the number of times your heart beats in a minute

Question 2

Define the term ‘stroke volume’

Answer 2

the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one beat

Question 3

Define the term ‘blood pressure’

Answer 3

the force of blood exerted on artery walls

Question 4

Name the 4 chambers of the heart

Answer 4

left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle

Question 5

which valves control blood going from the left atrium into the left ventricle?

Answer 5

bicuspid valves

Question 6

which valves control blood going from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

Answer 6

tricuspid valves

Question 7

Which valves control blood going out of the ventricles?

Answer 7

semi-lunar valves

Question 8

Which blood vessel takes blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

Answer 8

pulmonary artery

Question 9

Which blood vessel takes blood from the lungs, into the left atrium?

Answer 9

pulmonary vein

Question 10

Which blood vessel takes blood from the left ventricle to the body?

Answer 10

aorta

Question 11

Which blood vessel takes blood from the body to the right atrium?

Answer 11

vena cava

Question 12

What separates the 2 sides of the heart?

Answer 12

septum

Question 13

Is the heart part of a single or double circulatory system?

Answer 13

double

(as blood goes through the heart twice on every full circuit of the body.

Question 14

What are the 2 circuits involved in double circulation?

Answer 14

systemic circuit

pulmonary circuit

Question 15

Describe the cardiac cycle of the heart

Answer 15

1. the atria and ventricle relax (diastole) and fill with blood from the vena cave and pulmonary vein
2. the atria contract (systole), squeezing the blood into the ventricles
3. the vntricles contract, squeezing blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta

Question 16

How does the heart beat?

Answer 16

an impulse is created from the sino-atrial (SA) node, that causes the atria to contract.
The impulse is then sent to the atrio-ventricular (AV) node, it runs down the bundle of HIS into the purkinje fibres, causing the ventricles to contract.

Question 17

Which part of the nervous system speeds up heart rate?

Answer 17

sympathetic

Question 18

Which part of the nervous system slows down the heart rate?

Answer 18

parasympathetic

Question 19

which nerve is used to speed up heart rate?

Answer 19

accelerator nerve

Question 20

which nerve is used to slow down the heart rate?

Answer 20

vagus nerve

Question 21

Name the 4 types of blood

Answer 21

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma

Question 22

Name the 3 main types of blood vessel

Answer 22

arteries
veins
capillaries

Question 23

Which is the smallest of the blood vessels?

Answer 23

capillaries

Question 24

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Answer 24

arteries

Question 25

Which blood vessels carry blood towards the heart?

Answer 25

veins

Question 26

Which blood vessels are under the highest pressure?

Answer 26

arteries

Question 27

Which blood vessels contain valves to prevent backflow of blood?

Answer 27

valves

Question 28

Identify 4 disorders of the cardiovascular system

Answer 28

CHD (Coronary Heart Disease Anemia Hypertension

Question 29

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 29

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 30

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 30

create antibodies to fight infection

Question 31

What's the function of platelets?

Answer 31

clot blood to keep infections out

Question 32

What's the function of plasma

Answer 32

transport nutrients, hormones and waste products

Question 33

Which blood vessles are oxygenated?

Answer 33

arteries (apart from the pulmonary artery)

Question 34

Which blood vessels are dexoygenated?

Answer 34

veins (apart from the pulmonary vein

Question 35

What is cardiac myopathy?

Answer 35

a general term for diseases of the heart muscle, where the walls of the heart chambers have become stretched, thickened or stiff, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood around the body.

Question 36

What is Coronary Heart Disease?

Answer 36

Where blood vessels to the heart get blocked (due to a build up of fat),which prevents blood, and therefore oxygen getting to the heart muscle

Question 37

What is a stroke

Answer 37

Where blood vessels to the brain get blocked, preventing oxygen getting to that part of the brain, leading to brain damage

Question 38

What is anaemia

Answer 38

Where you don't have enough red blood cells, so can't get enough oxygen to the muscles, causing tiredness

Question 39

What is hypertension?

Answer 39

high blood pressure. | Often caused by too much fat building up in the arteries, making less room for blood to flow through.