Skeletal System

Question 1

Name the 20 major bones in the body

Answer 1

cranium
mandible
clavicle
scapula
sternum
ribs
humerus
radius
ulna
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
vertebrae
pelvis
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals

Question 2

Which bones make up the axial skeleton?

Answer 2

cranium
vertebrae
ribs

Question 3

Which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals

Question 4

Name the different types of bone

Answer 4

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid

Question 5

Give examples of long bones

Answer 5

humerus
femur
radius
ulna
tibia
fibula

Question 6

Give examples of short bones

Answer 6

carpals

tarsals

Question 7

Give examples of flat bones

Answer 7

sternum

cranium

Question 8

Give an example of a irregular bones

Answer 8

vertebrae

Question 9

Give an example of a sesamoid bone

Answer 9

patella

Question 10

What is the role of long bones?

Answer 10

they support the weight of the body and provide attachments for powerful muscles to enable movement

Question 11

What is the role of short bones?

Answer 11

they provide stability and some movement

Question 12

What is the rols of flat bones

Answer 12

provide protection

Question 13

What is the role of irregular bones

Answer 13

they help protect internal organs

Question 14

What is the rols of sesamoid bones?

Answer 14

they develop in tendons to protect the parts they lie over

Question 15

Identify the 5 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 15

support
protection
attachment for skeletal muscle
blood production
mineral storage

Question 16

Describe how the skeleton supports the body

Answer 16

bones keep the body upright and supports soft tisue such as skin

Question 17

Explain how the skeleton protects the body

Answer 17

they form a hard case over vital organs to protect them from injury e.g. the brain protects the spinal cord

Question 18

Explain how the skeletal system provides attachment for skeletal muscles to allow for movement

Answer 18

muscles attach to bones across a joint via tendons. when the muscles contract, they pull the bones, producing movement

Question 19

Which type of blood cell are produced in bones?

Answer 19

red bloos cells are produced in long bones

Question 20

Which minerals are stored in bones?

Answer 20

calcium and phosphate

Question 21

What is the role of ligaments?

Answer 21

join bone to bone

prevent joints from dislocating

Question 22

What is the role of tendons?

Answer 22

connect muscle to bone

Question 23

What is the role of cartilage?

Answer 23

protect the ends of bones to stop them rubbing together

Question 24

Identify the 3 classifications of joints

Answer 24

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 25

Describe a fixed joint and give an example of one

Answer 25

they don't allow any movement, e.g. bones in the skull that are fused together

Question 26

Describe the movement allowed at a cartilaginous joint and give an example of one

Answer 26

they allow a little movement, e.g. the joints between the vertebrae

Question 27

Describe the movement allowed at synovial joints and give examples of them

Answer 27

they are freely moveable, some more than others | e.g. hip, knee

Question 28

Name, and give an example of the 6 types of synovial joint

Answer 28

``` hinge - elbow and knee ball and socket - shoulder and hip pivot - neck condyloid - wrist saddle - thumb gliding - joints between carpals and the tarsals ```

Question 29

What is the role of synovial fluid?

Answer 29

to lubricate the joint and reduce friction

Question 30

Identify the movements that can occur at a joint

Answer 30

``` flexion extension abduction adduction circumduction ```

Question 31

What is flexion?

Answer 31

shortening the anlge at a joint (bending)

Question 32

What is extension?

Answer 32

lengthening the angle at a joint (straighten)

Question 33

What is abduction

Answer 33

taking a limb away from the midline of a body

Question 34

What is adduction

Answer 34

bringing a limb towards the midline of a body

Question 35

What is circumduction?

Answer 35

A circular movement about a fixed point

Question 36

Identify 4 disorders of the skeltal system

Answer 36

fracture osteoarthritis osteoporosis rickets

Question 37

What is a fracture?

Answer 37

A broken bone

Question 38

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 38

where you have weaker, less dense bones, so they are more likely to break, this can be caused by not having enough calcium or not doing enough weight bearing exercise so they don't grow strong enough

Question 39

What is osteoarthritis

Answer 39

a condition that causes joints to become painful and stiff

Question 40

What is rickets?

Answer 40

A condition that affects bone development in children due to a lack of vitamin D, causing bone pain, poor growth and soft, weak bones that can lead to bone deformities