cardiovascular system-heart: functions of the heart

Question 1

heart is surrounded by

Answer 1

pericardial sac

Question 2

the pericardium has what 4 things:

Answer 2

outer parietal membrane
inner visceral membrane
pericardial sac
pericardial fluid

Question 3

fibrous pericardium

Answer 3

tough fibrous outer layer
Prevents over distention; acts as anchor

Question 4

serous pericardium

Answer 4

thin, transparent, inner layer
simple squamous epithelium

Question 5

parietal pericardium

Answer 5

lines the fibrous outer layer

Question 6

visceral pericardium

Answer 6

(epicardium)
covers heart surface

Question 7

the serous pericardium consists of what 2 pericardium?

Answer 7

parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium

Question 8

the parietal and visceral pericardium are

Answer 8

continuous and have a pericardial cavity between them filled with pericardial fluid

Question 9

pericardial fluid prevents

Answer 9

friction due to pumping action of the heart

Question 10

the heart wall has how many layers

Answer 10

3

Question 11

the 3 layers of the heart is:

Answer 11

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

Question 12

epicardium

Answer 12

outermost layer
visceral pericardium
consists of exposed mesothelium and an inner loose areolar tissue attached to myocardium
covers the heart

Question 13

myocardium

Answer 13

middle layer
muscular wall of the heart
forms the atria and ventricles
made up of cardiac muscle tissue

Question 14

endocardium

Answer 14

innermost layer
lines the chambers of the heart, including heart valves and endothelium of the attached blood vessels

Question 15

left half of the heart contains

Answer 15

oxygenated blood

Question 16

right half of the heart contains

Answer 16

deoxygenated blood

Question 17

there is no _____ of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Answer 17

mixing

Question 18

which part of the heart receives blood

Answer 18

atria receives blood

Question 19

which part of the heart pumps blood out of the heart

Answer 19

ventricles

Question 20

great veins and arteries at the

Answer 20

base

Question 21

pointed tip is

Answer 21

apex

Question 22

heart consists of 2 upper chambers

Answer 22

atria

Question 23

heart consists of 2 lower chambers

Answer 23

ventricles made of cardiac muscles

Question 24

which part have thinner walls

Answer 24

atria

Question 25

which part of the heart has thicker walls

Answer 25

ventricles

Question 26

what separates atria

Answer 26

interatrial septum

Question 27

what separates the ventricles

Answer 27

interventricular septum

Question 28

the right atrium has what 2 things

Answer 28

foramen ovale pectinate muscles

Question 29

foramen ovale

Answer 29

before birth, is an opening through interatrial septum connects the 2 atria seals off at birth, forming fossa ovalis

Question 30

pectinate muscles

Answer 30

prominent muscular ridges on atrial walls

Question 31

to the right atrium opens

Answer 31

superior venacava inferior venacava

Question 32

superior venacava

Answer 32

brings deoxygenated blood from above the heart to the right atrium the head, neck, upper limbs and chest

Question 33

inferior venacava

Answer 33

brings deoxygenated blood from below the heart body, trunk, viscera, lower limbs

Question 34

the cardiac veins return the blood to the

Answer 34

coronary sinus opens into the right atrium inferior to the connection with the superior vena cava. to the opening lies near the posterior edge of the interatrial septum

Question 35

to the left atrium opens ___ pulmonary veins

Answer 35

4 pulmonary veins

Question 36

the pulmonary veins

Answer 36

brings oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 37

from the _____ _____ leaves ____ ____

Answer 37

from the right ventricle leaves pulmonary artery

Question 38

pulmonary artery

Answer 38

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation

Question 39

conus arteriosus (superior end of right ventricle) leads to

Answer 39

pulmonary trunk

Question 40

brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 40

divided into 2 branches right common carotid artery right subclavian artery deoxygenated blood from right arm/head to the heart for oxygenation

Question 41

right common carotid artery

Answer 41

oxygenated blood to right side of neck/head

Question 42

right subclavian artery

Answer 42

oxygenated blood to the right arm

Question 43

left common carotid artery

Answer 43

oxygenated blood to left side of neck and head

Question 44

left subclavian artery

Answer 44

oxygenated blood to left arm

Question 45

tricuspid valve

Answer 45

prevents backflow from right ventricle to right atrium

Question 46

pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 46

prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery to right ventricle

Question 47

aortic semilunar valve

Answer 47

prevents backflow from aorta to left ventricle

Question 48

bicuspid valve

Answer 48

(mitral valve) prevents backflow of blood from left ventricle to left atrium

Question 49

aorta

Answer 49

carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to different parts of the body

Question 50

chordae tendinae

Answer 50

attaches valves to ventricle walls

Question 51

all veins carry oxygenated blood except

Answer 51

pulmonary veins

Question 52

systole:

Answer 52

contraction

Question 53

diastole:

Answer 53

relaxation

Question 54

atrial systole:

Answer 54

atrium contracts

Question 55

opening of valves due to

Answer 55

pressure

Question 56

what separates ventricles and atria

Answer 56

atrioventricular groove

Question 57

what is a atrioventricular groove is a

Answer 57

fibrous skeleton which consists of 4 rings of dense connective tissue

Question 58

what is the ring of the atrioventricular groove called

Answer 58

annulus fibrosus has a heart valve attached to it

Question 59

2 major circuits

Answer 59

pulmonary circuit systemic circuit

Question 60

pulmonary circuit

Answer 60

circulation between the heart and lungs and back to the heart

Question 61

systemic circulation

Answer 61

circulation between the heart and body and back to the heart