cardiovascular system part 1

Question 1

What are the 7 function of the blood

Answer 1

1) transport oxygen
2) transport hormones
3) transporting processed molecules (antibodies, vitamins)
4) blood clotting
5) temperature regulation
6) fighting infections
7) homeostasis of pH (how acidic we are)

Question 2

What percent is our body plasma vs blood cells?

Answer 2

55% of body is plasma
45% is blood cells

Question 3

Plasma (3 parts)

Answer 3

Liquid part
95% of plasma is water

Proteins
dissolved in water

Other solutes
food, vitamins, ions, hormones, waste

Question 4

Formed elements - blood cells

Answer 4

Red
hemoglobin
carrie’s oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hopefully not carbon monoxide

White
part of immune system

Platelets
Stops bleeding

Question 5

Red blood cell functions (5)
know percentages

Answer 5

1) carry oxygen - 98.5% is going with RBC
2) 23% of carbon dioxide is on RBC
70% is turned into bicarbonate ions, produced by RBC to regulate pH
3) hemoglobin - molecule in RBC that holds the gases
4) iron - on hemoglobin that oxygen connects to
low iron - less oxygen being able to use (affects mostly athletes)
5) live about 4 months
takes about a month to get RBC count back to normal after donating or being low

Question 6

WBC function

Answer 6

fights/protects against disease

1) neutrophils- fight BACTERIA (live about 1-2 days) 60-70% of WBC

2) Lymphocytes - fights viruses 20-25% of WBC (weeks to months)

Question 7

Platelets

Answer 7

1) help prevent blood loss
2) cell fragments

Question 8

hemostasis (platelets)

Answer 8

1) vascular spasm (vasoconstriction) - make blood vessels skinnier which lets less blood through which makes you lose less blood
2) form a plug - connect to each other to cover the hole
3) form a blood clot - make red blood cells to cover hole

Question 9

What are the four things that a blood test can tell you?

Answer 9

1) RBC (red blood cell count)
not enough - anemic (tired and not enough oxygen)
high - blood clots (heart attacks and strokes)
2) Hemoglobin - molecule in RBC - carries oxygen
low - anemic (not moving much oxygen as you would want)
high - not getting enough oxygen (high altitude of respiratory)
3) hematocrit
percent of blood that is RBC
4) WBC
high - fighting an infection (or have cancer)
low - might get sick

Question 10

Functions of the heart (4)

Answer 10

1) pump blood (how hard is it squeezing)
generate blood pressure
need pressure to keep blood moving
2) routing blood - rate to get messed up
sends blood to lungs, goes back, sent out again
3) ensures one-way blood flow: valves
can have a leaky valve (more common in kids)
4) regulating blood supply
how fast should your heart beat
(max heart rate should be 220-your age + or - 11 — not always accurate though)

Question 11

Heart anatomy (3)

Answer 11

1) size of closed fist
2) shape:
apex - blunt rounded point of cone
base - flat part of opposite end of cone
3) center of chest - tilted to the left

Question 12

Pericardium

Answer 12

double layer sack around heart to reduce friction against other organs
-needs to be able to move
- anchors heart