endocrine system

Question 1

what does the endocrine system consist of

Answer 1

• hypothalamus
• glands - puts hormones and puts them into blood stream

4 classifications of chemical messengers
- autocrine - staying inside the cell (divides faster) white blood cell
- paracrine - goes a short distance (WBC) histamine - vasodilation
- neurotransmitter - go a very short distance neuron muscle gland
- endocrine - goes everywhere through the blood (hormones)

Question 2

What are the major functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 2

– Sexual development
– Mood
– Growth
– Homeostasis – insulin
– Metabolism

Question 3

what is the difference between endocrine and exocrine

Answer 3

Endocrine gland that puts hormones in the blood

Exocrine – gland that puts hormones in a specific spot – ducts to go specific areas – sweat, oil, etc.

Question 4

how does the endocrine system compare to the nervous system?

Answer 4

Hypothalamus is connected to both

nervous system
– Occurs fast – milliseconds
– Last only as long as messages being sent – only as long as action potentials are firing
– Specific – one neuron goes to a specific thing
– Uses neurotransmitters – not perfect
– Intensity – based on frequency – action potential

Endocrine system
– Doesn’t occur as a pass – seconds to weeks
Last four seconds two weeks. Set and forget – growth – rest after message is being sent
– Broadcast – everyone (gland) sees it, but not everyone uses it – in blood – doesn’t always affect everything it goes through
– Uses hormones – not perfect
– Intensity – based on concentration – how many hormones are present?

Question 5

Hormones modified internal biochemical operations with target cells by…

Answer 5

influencing intracellular enzymes
Hormones influenced by changing the enzymes – sent by brain to do this
Hormones change with the cell is doing

Question 6

A given hormone will only affect certain cells…

Answer 6

Only affect cells that have receptors for the specific hormone – inside or outside of cell

Question 7

There are several different, structural categories of hormones, and the structural difference have a functional implications

Answer 7

– Some hormones connect to receptor sites inside the cell, and some outside
– Some travel alone, some need buddy – based on structure
– Fat soluble versus water soluble – what can it handle to go in the cell?

Question 8

How many types of hormones are roughly made in your body?

Answer 8

76

Question 9

Peptides/proteins

Answer 9

– Most of our hormones
– Water soluble – no problem moving through blood
– Medicines often mimic peptide – travel faster through blood

Question 10

Can’t get into the target cell, therefore…
(travel and life span)

Answer 10

cell as fat and water soluble peptides can’t get in
– any hormone we make will be destroyed by our body
– Smallest peptide need to travel with a protein – bodyguard
- half life - 2-30 minutes

Question 11

Steroids (made with…)

Answer 11

– Lipid soluble
– made with cholesterol – makes a lot of sub in our body (estrogen and testosterone)

Question 12

How does the steroid get into the cell?

Answer 12

Somehow, the hormone knows to enter the cell

Question 13

travel and lifespan of steroids

Answer 13

– Have to onto protein – doesn’t matter what size (because they are only lipid soluble)
– Half-life – days to weeks – longer than peptide

Question 14

Amino acid derivatives

Answer 14

• only made with tyrosine
  – Can act like steroids or peptide

Question 15

thyroid

Answer 15

– Makes lipid soluble hormones – T3 and T4
– They act like steroids

Question 16

Catechilamines

Answer 16

– Adrenal gland
– Act like peptide
– Norepinephrine