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NCLEX-RN > Cardiovascular - Uworld > Flashcards

Cardiovascular - Uworld Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Vasodilator
Used in hypertensive emergencies
Can begin to act within 1 minute and can produce a sudden drop in BP, so you must monitor BP very closely.

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2
Q

PAD

A

Arteries of extremities become atherosclerotic

Reduces tissue perfusion and causes ischemic pain in lower extremities with movement and exercise

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3
Q

What causes increased risk for PAD

A

HTN
Diabetes
Hyperlipidemia
Smoking

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4
Q

Normal PTT and PT levels

A

PTT = heparin
25-35 seconds

PT 11-16 sec

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5
Q

Normal platelet and hematocrit levels

A

PLT 150,000-400,000

Hematocrit
Female: 35-47%
Male: 41-50%

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6
Q

Infective endocarditis

A

Bacteria or infection that attaches to your heart.

Can cause life threatening complications such as stroke or Ischemia to the extremities

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7
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate blood supply to to an organ or part of the body

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8
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

S/S

A 
Compression of the heart caused by fluid collecting in the sac surrounding the heart
S/S include
-Hypotension
-Jugular Vein distention
-Distant heart tones
-Dyspnea, Tachypnea
-Tachycardia
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9
Q

Pacemaker teaching

A

No MRI
Notify airport security when traveling
Do not place cell phones directly over
Carry a pacemaker identification card with you and wear medical bracelet
Take pulse daily
Do not raise arm above shoulder on pacemaker side until HCP says its okay to avoid dislodging
(Using microwaves is okay!)

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10
Q

Home management of PAD

A

Lower extremities when laying down or sitting. Promotes arterial blood flow
Engage in moderate exercise
Perform daily skin care such as lotion to prevent breakdown
Maintain mild warmth (socks and blankets, no heating pad)
Stop smoking
Avoid tight clothing and stress
Take prescribed medications

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11
Q

How to find MAP

A

(Systolic + (Diastolic x2))/ 3
Normal MAP is between 70-105
Map <60 indicates that vital organs are underperfused and can become ischemic

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12
Q

assessing Jugular vein distention

A

HOB 45 degree angle

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13
Q

What increases cervical cancer risk

A

Multiple sex partners
Previous STI’s
Smoking
HPV «< The must important risk factor

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14
Q

Diabetic Ketoacidosis and potassium

A

Insulin pushes potassium into the cell and out of the blood stream, so if someone is in ketoacidosis and receiving IV insulin, potassium will be given even if potassium levels are normal

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15
Q

Refeeding syndrome

A

When a malnourished client starts getting adequate nutrition, the body begins making more insulin and which causes electrolyte deficiencies
Rapid declines in phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium
PPN

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16
Q

Normal phosphorus levels

Normal magnesium levels

A

P: 2.4-4.4
M: 1.5-2.5

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17
Q

Estrogen therapy risk

A

Increased risk for blood clots (DVT)

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18
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis vs osteoarthritis vs gout vs ankylosing spondylitis

A

RA - Symmetrical pain and swelling usually affecting small joints of hands and feet (not spine! Just cervical spine). Morning joint stiffness lasting from 60 min to several hours
Osteoarthritis - Asymmetrical pain in weight bearing joints. Crepitus, especially in knee joints
ankylosing spondylitis - Low back pain and stiffness, worse in the morning and gets better
Gout - pain, swelling and redness of one or more extremity joints (typically the great toe)

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19
Q

Endovascular

A

“Inside the blood vessel”

Surgery where they cut small incisions to access the blood vessel with a catheter

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20
Q

Babinski sign

A

Normal is that the toes point downward

Indicates upper motor neuron lesion from damage to corticospinal tract

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21
Q

Kidney inflammation (Pyelonephritis) expected finding

A

costovertebral angle tenderness

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22
Q

Examination for skin cancer

A

ABCDE
A- Asymmetrical
B- Border irregularity
C- Color changes and variation
D- Diameter of 6mm or larger (pencil eraser)
E- Evolving (changing in shape, size, color)

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23
Q

Peripheral artery disease

A 
OKAY to dangle feet over bed to relieve pain
Characterized by:
-hair loss
-ulcers 
-gangrene
-cool dry, shiny, skin
-Intermittent claudication
-decreased blood flow from atherosclerotic build up
-Thick, brittle nails
-Decreased wound healing
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24
Q

Ileal conduit

A

Take piece of ileum to make a stoma, used as a urinary diversion. Ureters are connected to create an external opening.

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25
Underlying medical conditions that could lead to delirium
``` Medications (opioids, analgesics) Electrolyte embalances Hypoxia Acute infections (fever, positive cultures) Sleep deprivation Dehydration or Malnutrition Metabolic Disorders (hypoglycemia) ```
26
Two types of UTI's
Cystitis (Lower UTI, bladder) | Pyelonephritis (Upper UTI, kidneys)
27
Cystitis
``` Lower UTI Characterized by -Inflammation of the bladder mucosa -burning -frequency -urgency -hematuria -suprapubic discomfort ```
28
Pyelonephritis
``` Upper UTI They become very ill Characterized by -nausea and vomiting -fever with chills -flank pain -Costovertebral angle tenderness -Septic if not treated ```
29
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Pain and paresthesia of the hand caused by median nerve compression Can manage symptoms with wrist immobilization by wearing a splint
30
Genital herpes
- Avoid sexual contact with active lesions.... Barrier contraception is not sufficient with active lesions - Keep the area clean and dry - Maintain proper hand hygiene and avoid touching the lesions - Use mild soap to clean... no perfumed soap or bubble baths - Use sitz bath and oatmeal baths to provide comfort and relief from itching
31
Anaphylactic shock
Also need to administer steroid such as methylprednisolone
32
Cardiac tamponade
Compression of the heart caused by fluid collecting in the sac around the heart Possible complication of acute pericarditis LIFE THREATENING Characterized by: -Hypotension -Muffled heart sounds -Neck vein distention
33
Foods rich in iron
Eggs, meat, shellfish, green leafy vegetables, dried fruit, broccoli, dried beans, brown rice, oatmeal
34
Romberg test
Neurological exam Pt stands with feet together. Asked to close eyes, ability to maintain balance is assessed. If positive romberg test, pt will need assistance with ambulating
35
MRSA risk factors
``` Older adult Suppressed immunity Long history of ABX use Invasive tubes and lines Pt in ICU ```
36
Preferred IM administration site for children <7 mo
Vastus lateralis
37
Clozapine
Antipsychotic to treat schizophrenia Associated with a risk of agranulocytosis (dangerously low WBC count) -Must have periodic CBC while taking -notify provider of fever or sore throat
38
Enteric Coated drugs
Barrier coating that dissolves at a slower rate
39
Mono
Viral infection... no ABX
40
Fentanyl patches
Prescribed for moderate to severe CHRONIC pain
41
Rash and ABX
A rash is an adverse affect of ABX use and can be a sign of an allergic reaction! NOT a normal side effect
42
Ace inhibitors Side effects Adverse effects
-Prils | Adverse effect: Angioedema (rapid swelling of tongue and lips)
43
Intradermal injection angle
5-15 degrees
44
Rhabdomyolysis
Occurs when muscle fibers are released into the bloodstream Common symptoms: Oliguria (small amounts of urine), Dark urine, and fatigue Kidney function is at risk... administer fluids!
45
Hemophilia
Inability to clot. Children with hemophilia, you can give vaccines subcutaneously. Holy pressure for at least 5 minutes and use an ice pack after to promote vasoconstriction to decrease blood flow to the area and reduce the risk for a hematoma. Frequent sites of bleeding are in the joints
46
Hypospadias
Urethral opening is on the underside of the penis
47
Bacterial Meningitis
``` Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal chord Clinical manifestations in children <2 -seizures -high pitched cry -nuchal rigidity ```
48
Emergency care following a burn
Briefly soak burn in cool water Cover area with a clean, dry cloth Remove clothing if not stuck to burn around the burn DO NOT apply ABX ointment
49
Celiac diet
Rice, corn and potatoes are gluten free.
50
Newborn breathing
Newborns RR is 30-60/min with periodic pauses lasting <20 seconds.
51
30 month old physical findings
Chest circumference larger than abdomen Weight is 4x greater than birth weight Head circumference increases by 1 inch in second year, 0.5 inches per year after than until age 5
52
What age do children obtain bladder and bowel sphincter control
24 months
53
Pregnancy weight gain
1-4.5 lb weight gain in first trimester is normal | 1 pound per week after that is normal
54
Pregnancy precautions
Toxoplasmosis can be transferred to the fetus | This infection comes from cat feces, soiled fruits and vegetables (gardening), undercooked meats
55
Leukorrhea
Normal pregnancy finding... white, milky and thin vaginal discharge
56
After a miscarriage
Avoid sex or tampons for 2 weeks Call provider for foul smelling and heavily bloody vaginal discharge or for severe pain Avoid soaking in a tub Take prenatal vitamins with iron
57
Rhogam shot
Given to all mothers who are Rh negative
58
Spina Bifida
``` Neural tube defect Manifestations: -Tuft of hair at base of spine -Hemangioma or nevus (birth mark... raised red spot) -Dimple along base of spine ```
59
NSAIDS during pregnancy
Do not use during 3rd trimester! Pregnancy category C
60
Magnesium toxicity
Magnesium is given for seizure prophylaxis for pregnant ladies with preeclampsia S/S - Absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes - Respiratory depression
61
Magnesium toxicity treatment
IV calcium gluconate | Stop magnesium
62
Magic fever number
100.4
63
Pediculosis Capitis
Head Lice
64
Signs of down syndrome at birth
``` Single transverse crease extending across palm of hand Small, low set ears Flat nose bridge Protruding tongue Hypotonia Atrioventricular (AV) canal defect ```
65
Glucose levels of babe after birth
Decrease 1 hr after birth... >40 is considered normal They rise and stabilize after 2-3 hours Hypoglycemic neonate (<40) should be fed immediately
66
Tetralogy of Fallot
No ventricular septum in the heart. Birth defect Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood resulting in hypercyanotic episodes. Episodes occur upon waking, crying, eating, hunger, or other stressful environments or situations.
67
Nagele's rule
First day of last menstrual cycle Subtract 3 months Add 7 days
68
Common sign for lupus
Butterfly rash across cheeks and bridge of nose
69
Pyloric stenosis
Hardening of the pyloric sphincter | Manifested by projectile vomiting, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
70
Esophageal Atresia
Esophagus has a gap and is not fully connected
71
Heart sounds in children
S3 heart sound normal in children
72
Assisting blind client to ambulate
Sighted guide technique: - Walk slightly ahead of pt - Allow pt to hold on to your elbow
73
Safe oxygen use
DO NOT use vaseline (petroleum jelly) if nose is dry, it is flammable Keep oxygen cannisters 5-10 feet from gas stoves, candles, fire places, or other sources of open flames Do not polish nails when using Do not use wool blankets
74
Dysarthria
Worsening ability to speak
75
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
``` Progressive loss of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal chord Characterized by: -Spasticity -Muscle weakness -Atrophy -Impaired swallowing -Impaired respiratory function ```
76
Oropharangeal airway
Do not tape to pt cheek. Could cause aspiration or choking
77
"ac" and "pc"
``` "ac" = before meals "pc" = after meals ```
78
polycythemia
High red blood cells
79
Pleural effusion
Fluid build up between the lungs and the pleural walls.
80
Orthopnea
Difficulty breathing while lying down
81
Common side effects of corticosteroids
Mood swings and irritability
82
Assessing Jugular vein distention
Semi-fowler's position
83
Lower limb amputation teaching
Pt should lie prone several times a day | Pt should not sit in chair for >1 hr at a time
84
Eosinophils
ALLERGY! A high eosinophil count would indicate an allergic trigger for asthmatic response
85
Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe: Behavior Occipital lobe: Vision Temporal lobe: Auditory Parietal lobe: Sensory
86
Vaginal examination during ruptured membrane
Use STERILE gloves
87
Risk factors for post partum hemorrhage
Multiple gestations | Big baby >8 lb 13 oz
88
Supraventricular tachycardia
HR of 150-220 | Initial intervention is to ask them to bear down (perform vagal maneuvers)
89
Psychomotor retardation
``` Clinical symptoms of major depressive disorder Manifestations: -Slowed Speech -Lack of facial expression -Decreased movement -Reduced social interaction -Downcast gaze ```
90
Psychomotor agitation
``` Pt with major depressive disorder may show signs of psychomotor agitation Manifestations: -Increased body movement -Pacing -Hand wringing -Muscle tension -Erratic eye movement ```
91
Hypothermia after surgery | Muscle stiffness after surgery
Common in immediate post op period due to anesthesia effects | Muscle stiffness is a bad sign and indicative of malignant hyperthermia
92
Aspirin toxicity or overdose interventions
Activated charcoal
93
Histoplasmosis
Fungal infection from bat or bird droppings Most common in clients with compromised immunity Respiratory infection
94
Normal platelet count
150,000-400,000
95
Hematocrit levels
Female 35%-47% | Male 38-48
96
Moro reflex
Startle reflex in newborns
97
Children under 12 and honey
BAD. Children under 12 should not have honey due to risk of botulism
98
Risk factors for endometrial cancer
Obesity Polycystic ovary syndrome Infertility

NCLEX-RN (6 decks)

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