Set 4 Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Retinoblastoma
A
Retinal tumor common in children, typically under 2.
Signs:
-white glow of the pupil instead of red
-strabismus (misalignment of the eyes)
2
Q
Characteristic of glaucoma
A
Fixed, mid dilated pupil
3
Q
UAP role during blood transfusions
A
UAP can take vitals before transfusion and anytime AFTER the first 15 minutes of the transfusion. RN must do initial vital signs to monitor for reactions.
4
Q
Suctioning and mechanical ventilation
A
Suction when REMOVING the catheter, not inserting.
5
Q
Veracity
A
Duty to always tell the truth
6
Q
Tetracycline administration
A
Used for acne
- Take on empty stomach but with full glass of water
- Avoid dairy or antacids
- Wear sunscreen
7
Q
Trigeminal Neuralgia
A
Sudden sharp pain along trigeminal nerve. Nerve ends are around eyes, nose and mouth. Pain can be triggered by washing face, brushing teeth, chewing food, talking, yawning, etc.
Drug of choice is Carbamazepine. This is a seizure medication but is effective for neuropathic pain. Increased infection risk with use of carbamazepine!
8
Q
Filgrastim
A
Used to increase neutrophil count in clients with malignancies (cancer growth) and undergoing chemotherapy
9
Q
Aminoglycosides
A
gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
Used to treat serious infections. Huge risk for irreversible nephrotoxicity, so monitor renal values during administration
10
Q
When to shock
A
Only provide defibrillator shock when pt is in Vfib or pulseless Vtach
11
Q
Asystole
A
Flat line. No electrical activity present
12
Q
Benztropine
A
Used to treat extrapyramidal side effects such as:
pseudoparkinsonism and dystonia (abnormal movement of face, neck and trunk)
13
Q
Nephrotic syndrome
A
Caused by glomerular injury 4 classic manifestations: -proteinurea -hypoalbuminemia -edema -hyperlipidemia
14
Q
Ankylosing spondylitis
A
Inflammatory disease affecting the spine. No known cause or cure. Characterised by stiffness and fusion of axial joints leading to restricted spinal mobility.
- sleep on your back with firm mattress to stretch out spine.
15
Q
Insulin and IV push
A
Regular insulin is the only insulin allowed to be administered IV push!
16
Q
Phenytoin therapeutic range
A
10-20
17
Q
Eardrops in children administration
A
Pull DOWN AND BACK in children <3 years old
Up and back for all children >3.
Place children in supine or prone position with head turned to the side
18
Q
Calcium gluconate
A
Antidote for magnesium toxicity.
Also used to treat sever hyperkalemia
19
Q
BP during pregnancy
A
BP has a slight decrease during the first trimester and reaches the lowest point at 24-32 wks gestation then increases back to baseline during 3rd trimester.
An increase of BP >30 SBP or >15 DBP requires further assessment.
20
Q
Herbal remedies that increase bleeding risk
A
G's! Ginko Garlic Ginseng Ginger
21
Q
Desquamation
A
Peeling skin - normal finding in newborns
22
Q
Fluid of choice for burn victims
A
Lactated Ringers
23
Q
Sildenifil
A
Viagra - Vasodilator
24
Q
Neonatal abstinence syndrome
A
Opioid withdrawal in newborns. Manifestations:
- Irritability, restlessness, high pitched cry
- Sweating, sneezing, nasal congestion
- poor feeding, vomiting, diarrhea
25
Signs of down syndrome (trisomy 21) in newborns
Floppy muscle tone
26
Cleft palate
Sign of early prenatal exposure to teratogenic agents: alcohol, cytomegalovirus, valproic acid
27
Hypothermia
Heart becomes prone to dysrhythmias - spontaneous V-fib could develop when moved or touched
28
ACE inhibitors and pregnancy
ACE inhibitors are the "prils"
| CONTRAINDICATED in pregnancy
29
Albumin
3.5-5.0
| Albumin is assessed to evaluate nutritional status
30
Preeclampsia
Development of HTN during pregnancy and proteinuria - must have both
31
Head tilt/chin lift maneuver
Do not use in pt with potential spine injury - use the JAW THRUST TECHNIQUE
32
Suctioning tracheostomy technique
- Preoxygenate with 100% oxygen
- Suction only while withdrawing the catheter!
- Use sterile technique
- Limit suctioning to <10 seconds
33
Acute pancreatitis
NPO!
| -Use suction via nasogastric tube
34
Infectious MONOnucleosis
Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
| Spleen rupture is a major complication. Watch for abdominal pain as that can indicate hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
35
Reye syndrome
Usually occurs after a viral infection such as the chicken pox or the flu, especially if they have been taking ASPIRIN.
36
Airborne precautions
```
N95!!!
Varicella (chicken pox)
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
TB
Measles
```
37
Ankylosing spondylitis characteristic
Early morning low back stiffness
38
Scleroderma
Thickening of the skin
39
Foods high in Vit K
Spinach, Broccoli, Liver
| Avoid foods high in vit K with blood thinner therapy
40
Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
Lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility
41
Neonates and cold stress
Unable to shiver
42
Dextromethorphan
Cough suppressant
43
Lead poisoning
Affects the neurological system and the kidneys
44
Adenosine
Treats supraventricular tachycardia
45
Torsades de pointes
"Twisting of the points"
Ventricular tachycardia characterized by QRS complexes that change size and shape in a characteristic twisting pattern.
Treatment: IV Magnesium
46
Pt with epilepsy and an aura
An aura is a sensory perception that occurs prior to having a seizure
47
Acetylcysteine
Bronchodilator used to help loosen secretions when given via nebulizer
48
Synchronize button when performing cardioversion
Very important that you push the synchronize button so it delivers the shock at the appropriate time.
Turn it off when the pt is pulseless
49
Thiamine deficiency
Results in Wernicke Encephalopathy
| Thiamine deficiency occurs in pt's with alcohol intoxication
50
Myelomeningocele
Type of spina bifida
51
Airborne precautions
```
Do not need to wear gown or googles/eye protection
Infections that are airborne:
TB
Rubella (Measles)
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
Varicella Zoster (chicken pox)
```
52
Calcium and iron administration
Do not administer Calcium or antacids within 1 hour Iron! Decreases absorption
53
Bathing clients with MRSA
Use chlorhexidine solution in warm water or pre moistened cloths
54
Saw palmetto
Hawthorn Extract
St. John's Wort
Saw Palmetto: Herbal supplement used to treat BPH
Hawthorn Extract: Herbal supplement for HF.
St. John's Wort: Herbal supplement for depression
55
Caring for newly circumcised newborn
Clean with warm water (no soap, no alcohol-based wipes)
56
```
Lobes of the brain and what they control
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
```
Frontal: Behavior
Parietal: Sensory
Temporal: Hearing
Occipital: Vision
57
Signs of increased intracranial pressure
Bulging fontanelles
Sunset eyes
Increased head circumference
58
SSRI's and MAOI's
Do not take concurrently! Wait 2 weeks in between.
59
Major SSRI's
Fluoxetine
Sertraline
Paroxetine
Citalopram
60
Growth hormone replacement therapy administration
Subcutaneous injection
61
Decerebrate posturing
Toes pointed downwards... indicates severe brain damage
62
Hepatitis A
Transmitted through fecal-oral route - WASH HANDS!
63
Kosher diet
No dairy or meat within 3 hours of each other
64
Lithium therapeutic index
0.6-1.2
| >1.5 is considered toxic
65
Fifth disease
Viral infection common in school age children. Red rash on face. Infectious before symptoms appear, not infectious once rash appears. Usually lasts 7-10 days
66
Strabismus
Cross eye.
| Treated by wearing patch over stronger eye
67
Warfarin
Does not begin to take effect until 48-72 hours then takes even longer to reach maximum effect. Heparin may be given at the start of warfarin therapy.f
68
Antidotes for warfarin and heparin
```
Warfarin = Vitamin K
Heparin = Protamine Sulfate
```
69
Ventricular tachycardia
Pulse = treat with medications such as amiodarone
| No Pulse = treat with cardioversion
70
Macular degeneration
Retinal detachment
Glaucoma
Macular degeneration is loss of central field of vision
Retinal detachment is seeing flashes of light
Glaucoma often causes tunnel vision (poor peripheral vision)
71
Testicular torsion
Emergency situation. Twisting of the spermatic cord leading to testicular ischemia and necrosis. Must be untwisted within 4-6 hours.
Manifestations: Edema and severe pain
72
IM injections in children
Do not use ventrogluteal site in children <3.
| Vastus lateralis muscle preferred (anterolateral thigh)
73
Trismus
Inability to open the mouth due to a tonic contraction of the muscles used for chewing
74
Complete heart block
Same as 3rd degree heart block
| Atria and ventricles contract independently
75
Addison's disease skin
Bronze hyperpigmentation
Vitiligo (white patches)
Patchy/blotchy skin
76
Characteristics of cushing's syndrome
Purple striae
hirsutism (increased body and facial hair)
Buffalo hump (supraclavicular fat pad)
77
Risk factors for preterm birth
INFECTION (UTI, periodontal disease, etc)
78
Cyanide poisoning
A bitter almond smell on patient's breath is a classic sign.
79
Synchronization button when delivering shock
```
Delivers a shock on the R wave of the QRS complex. Do not turn on during Ventricular fibrillation as there is no QRS complex!
Turn on during:
-supraventricular vtach
-Vtach with a pulse
-Afib with rapid ventricular response
```
80
Allergy to latex
Can be manifested by lip swelling when in contact with bananas, kiwis, or latex balloons
81
Allergies to vaccine components
neomycin, gelatin, yeast
| Latex allergies
82
Lithium toxicity
```
Therapeutic range: 0.6-1.2
>1.5 is considered toxic
Ways to prevent lithium toxicity:
Avoid sodium depletion
Drink a lot of fluids
```
83
Percussing lungs
Hyperressonance is heard with pneumothorax and emphysema
| Dullness is heard with a pleural effusion, pneumonia, or atelectasis
84
Stoma color
Pink! It should never be dusty or grey colored. That indicates inadequate oxygen
85
Testing creatinine clearance
24 hr urine collection
86
Urinalysis and culture and sensitivity tests
First AM void is preferred - more concentrated urine
| Clean catch or midstream urine sample
87
Meningitis precautions
DROPLET precautions
Bedrest with HOB 10-30 degrees
High risk for seizures - seizure precautions
88
Status epilepticus
Prolonged seizure... longer than 5 minutes. Characterized by: dazed appearance, grunting, not responding. First intervention is to administer IV or rectal benzodiazepines (diazepam or lorazepam)
89
Proton Pump Inhibitors
```
PPI's
-esomeprazole
-omeprazole
-pantoprazole
Long term use decreases absorption of calcium and promotes osteoporosis
```
90
Dumping syndrome
```
After a partial gastrectomy... gastric contents empty too rapidly into the duodenum causing a fluid shift.... hypotension, tachycardia, sweating, pain, dizziness...
To prevent:
-Lay down after eating
-Eat small frequent meals
-Eat high protein and high fat meals
-No fluids with meals
-Avoid simple carbs
```
91
Primary cause of bladder cancer
Cigarette smoking or other tobacco use
| Painless hematuria is the tell tale sign of bladder cancer
92
Hepatitis B transmission
Blood, semen, vaginal secretions
93
Duloxetine
SSRI
| Has both antidepressant and pain-relieving effects
94
Fibromyalgia
Chronic pain with multiple tender points throughout the body
95
Ruptured appendix
Pain is relieved when ruptured, but full blown sepsis and peritonitis comes shortly after.
96
Codeine
Cough suppressant!
97
Filgrastim
Stimulates Neutrophil count
98
Normal bilirubin
0.2-1.2
99
Aphasia
Loss of ability to understand or express speech caused by brain damage
100
One TBSP in ML
1 TBSP = 15 mL
101
Lithium toxicity risk factors
Dehydration
Decreased renal function (in elderly)
Diet low in sodium
Drug-drug interactions with NSAIDS and thiazide diuretics
102
24 hr urine collection
Use a dark jug with powder to collect to protect the urine from light
103
Ace inhibitors and pregnancy
-prils
| Do not take during pregnancy! Teratogenic
104
Addison's disease
```
Not enough steroid hormones
Symptoms:
-weight loss
-muscle weakness
-low BP
-hypoglycemia
-hyperpigmented skin
```
105
Polycythemia vera
Too many RBCs are produced increasing blood viscosity.
| Thrombus formation a big risk
106
Celiac disease... foods they can't eat
```
BROW
Barley
Rye
Oats
Wheat
```
107
Levetiracetam
Treats and prevents seizures
108
MMR vaccine fun fact
You can administer within 6 days of exposure to MMR.
| Recommended for children ages 12-15 mo
109
ACE-inhibitors
-prils
| Can cause LIFE THREATENING angioedema
110
Lactase deficiency
Lactose intolerant
111
NSAIDS
Indomethacin and meloxicam are also NSAIDS.
| NSAIDS increase bleeding risk!
112
Fat embolism
Defining characteristic is a fat embolism
113
Statin's adverse reaction
Myopathy - Muscle aches and weakness
114
BNP
Elevated in HF!
| >100
115
Meningitis
DROPLET precautions
116
Glaucoma vs macular degeneration vs cataract
Glaucoma: Tunnel Vision
Macular degeneration: Loss of central vision
Cataract: Blurry vision
117
Desmopressin
Synthetic form of ADH. Used to retain fluid
118
Flumazenil
Antidote to reverse sedative effects of benzodiazepines
119
Benzotropine
Treats extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotics
120
Chronic CHF
Symptoms of both Right and Left HF!
121
Amnioinfusion
Relieves VARIABLE decelerations
122
Mannitol
DIURETIC
123
Preterm labor risks
```
Infection such as UTI or periodontal disease
History of spontaneous preterm birth
Previous cervical surgery
Tobacco or drug use
<17 or >35
Maternal undernutrition
```
124
Asterixis
Flapping tremor of the hand seen in encephalopathy
125
Meningocele
Type of Spina bifida
| -Sac like protrusion coming from the spine containing CSF and meninges
126
Hemophilia
BLEEDING DISORDER
127
Codeine
Cough SUPPRESSANT
| -You don't want to suppress a cough when you want to get rid of secretions
128
Hemorrhagic stroke
Blood vessel bursts in the brain causing bleeding into the brain
