Caridiac output (essay) & shock (essay)

Question 1

Cardiac output (CO) is the :

Answer 1

Volume of blood pumped from each ventricle per minute

Question 2

CO =

Answer 2

Heart rate (number of beats/min) + Stroke volume (volume pumped in each beat)

Question 3

Regulation of cardiac output;
Sympathetic stimulation :

Answer 3

Increases cardiac output by increasing Heart rate & Contractility

Question 4

Regulation of cardiac output;
Adrenaline & noradrenaline secreted by adrenal medulla :

Answer 4

Increases cardiac output by increasing Heart rate & Contractility

Question 5

Regulation of cardiac output;
Parasympathetic (vagus) stimulation :

Answer 5

Decreases cardiac output by decreasing heart rate

Question 6

Shock is a state of :

Answer 6

Acute circulatory failure resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion & tissue Ischemia & Hypoxia

Question 7

Neurogenic shock is due to :

Answer 7

Nervous conditions that lead to marked Decrease sympathetic & Increase parasympathetic

Question 8

Cardiogenic shock is due to :

Answer 8

Marked Decrease in cardiac output as in Heart failure

Question 9

Hypovolemic shock is due to :

Answer 9

Reduced blood volume as in severe Hemorrhage

Question 10

Anaphylactic shock is due to :

Answer 10

Severe Allergy (hypersensitivity) leading to Histamine release which causes severe Vasodilation

Question 11

Septic shock is due to :

Answer 11

Septicemia & Toxins release which causes severe Vasodilation