Digestive system

Question 1

The first stages of digestion begin in mouth with :

Answer 1

Chewing & Saliva secreted

Question 2

Name the 4 functions of saliva :

Answer 2

Keeps mouth moist , Salivary amylase digests starch , Antibacterial action , Facilitates swallowing

Question 3

Regulation of salivary secretion;
Parasympathetic:

Answer 3

Increases salivary secretion

Question 4

Regulation of salivary secretion;
Parasympathetic Increases salivary secretion to respond to ,
Conditioned Reflex as :

Answer 4

Smelling, Hearing & Seeing food

Question 5

Regulation of salivary secretion;
Parasympathetic Increases salivary secretion to respond to ,
Unconditioned Reflex as :

Answer 5

Presence of food in mouth

Question 6

Regulation of salivary secretion;
Sympathetic:

Answer 6

Decreases salivary secretion

Question 7

Swallowing starts voluntary & completed involuntary through :

Answer 7

Swallowing center in Medulla

Question 8

Swallowing first phase :

Answer 8

Buccal phase is Voluntary ; Tongue is Elevated & Pressed against hard palate, Pushing the food bolus backwards towards Pharynx

Question 9

Swallowing second phase :

Answer 9

Pharyngeal phase is Involuntary ; Soft palate is Elevated to close the Nasopharynx & epiglottis Folds down to close the Larynx.

Successive contractions of Superior , Middle & Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles push the food bolus to Esophagus.

When food reaches esophagus, Upper esophageal sphincter relaxes & food enters the esophagus

Question 10

Swallowing third phase :

Answer 10

Esophageal phase is Involuntary ; Peristaltic contractions push the food bolus down aided by gravity ; Lower esophageal sphincter relaxes , allowing food to pass to stomach

Question 11

Name the 3 parts of stomach :

Answer 11

Fundus (above) , Body (middle) , Pylorus (below)

Question 12

Stomach STORES food & continuous digestion by mixing food with :

Answer 12

Acid & Enzymes to create Chyme

Question 13

stomach Acid inhibits :

Answer 13

Bacterial growth

Question 14

Name the organ in stomach that allows chyme to enter small intestine gradually :

Answer 14

Pyloric sphincter

Question 15

Vomiting mechanism; gastric mucosa send to Vomiting Center in Medulla which send impulses to contract :

Answer 15

Diaphragm & Abdominal muscles ; Squeezing Stomach & Expelling its contents

Question 16

Excessive vomiting can lead to :

Answer 16

Dehydration & Loss of electrolytes

Question 17

Most digestion & absorption take place in Small Intestine ;
Name the 3 parts of small intestine :

Answer 17

Duodenum , Jejunum & ileum

Question 18

Digestion is carried out by Intestinal Enzymes aided by exocrine secretions from 2 accessory organs called :

Answer 18

Pancreas & Liver

Question 19

Watery chyme becomes semisolid feces as :

Answer 19

Water & Electrolytes are absorbed in Large intestine

Question 20

Feces pass to rectum to leaves the GIT through :

Answer 20

Anus

Question 21

Name the organ in large intestine that is under voluntary control :

Answer 21

External anal sphincter

Question 22

Pancreas endocrine part secretes :

Answer 22

Insulin & Glucagon

Question 23

Pancreas exocrine part secretes :

Answer 23

Pancreatic juice into Duodenum

Question 24

Name the content in pancreatic juice that neutralizes acidic chyme :

Answer 24

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 25

Name the content in pancreatic juice that digests carbohydrates :

Answer 25

Pancreas amylase

Question 26

Name the content in pancreatic juice that digests lipids :

Answer 26

Pancreatic lipase

Question 27

Name the content in pancreatic juice that digests proteins :

Answer 27

Pancreatic peptidase

Question 28

Functions of liver :

Answer 28

-Metabolic processing of nutrients -Storage of glycogen, lipids, vitamins & minerals -Synthesis of plasma proteins & clotting factors -Detoxification of body wastes, hormones & drugs -Excretion bile which contains bile salts & bile pigments

Question 29

Bile is stored in :

Answer 29

Gall bladder

Question 30

Bile is to be secreted into :

Answer 30

Duodenum

Question 31

Name the content in bile that important in Emulsification of fats for digestion & absorption :

Answer 31

Bile salte

Question 32

Name the content in bile that is Yellow & derived from the breakdown of Heme :

Answer 32

Bile pigments (Bilirubin)

Question 33

Jaundice is yellow coloration of skin & mucous membrane due to increased plasma :

Answer 33

Bilirubin level