Caries M4

Question 1

What three things are needed for caries to form?

Answer 1

Erupted tooth
Refined carbohydrates
Bacterial plaque

Question 2

What is Acquired Pellicle?

Answer 2

The biofilm that covers the hard and soft tissues in the mouth. It is free of bacteria.

Question 3

What are the two bacteria groups present for caries?

Answer 3

1. Acidogenic
2. Proteolytic

Question 4

What bacterias are present in the Acidogenic group?

Answer 4

1. Streptococcus muntans
2. lactobacillus

Question 5

What bacterias are present in the Proteolytic group?

Answer 5

Clostridia

Question 6

Which bacteria group invades the acquired pellicle first?

Answer 6

Acidogenic group

Question 7

What is the pH balance in the mouth?

Answer 7

6.8

Question 8

How does demineralization occur?

Answer 8

when the pH balance drops below 5.5

Question 9

What is drawn from the tooth during demineralisation?

Answer 9

Calcium and phosphate ions

Question 10

How long does it take for the pH balance to return to normal?

Answer 10

30 mins to 2 hours

Question 11

What does Aetiology mean?

Answer 11

The cause behind something

Question 12

What does the Acidogenic group do to teeth?

Answer 12

Produce acid and remove mineral salts

Question 13

What does the Proteolytic group do to teeth?

Answer 13

Dissolves proteins

Question 14

When calcium and phosphates are replaced back to the tooth from the saliva, what is this process called?

Answer 14

Remineralisation

Question 15

What food can help neutralise the and was away the acids from the bacteria?

Answer 15

Cheese, as it has a chemical reaction with saliva

Question 16

An opaque white spot on the surface of the enamel is what stage of the process of caries

Answer 16

The early lesion

Question 17

Once the caries have reached the dentine it spreads more rapidly in than in the enamel. The enamel edges become undermined and the supporting enamel breaks off, what stage of the process of caries is this?

Answer 17

The open cavity

Question 18

When a tooth dies, the necrotic (dead) contents of the pulp cause an infection around the apex of the tooth, what stage of the process of caries is this?

Answer 18

Periapical Abscess

Question 19

What are the two types of periapical abscess?

Answer 19

Acture & Chronic

Question 20

What is the Tristan da Cunha study?

Answer 20

A surgery taken in 1962 showed the population of a island in the south Atlantic ocean had three times the amount of decay in 1962, than they did in 1937, after they began to have food imported (Jams, cakes and sweets)

Question 21

What is the Vipeholm study?

Answer 21

In 1945 in Sweden a study was carried out over 6 Years. 400 patients in a mental hospital was given 3000 calories a day. Group one: minimum sugar at meal times
Group two: given chocolate at meal times and in-betweens

Question 22

What is the definition of caries?

Answer 22

A progressive bacterial disease that damages calcified areas of the tooth.

Question 23

What is the only way to stop caries?

Answer 23

Reduce the frequency and consumption of auger intake throughout the day.

Question 24

What are two ways we can help reduce caries?

Answer 24

Fissure sealants & Fluoride

Question 25

What is pathology?

Answer 25

The study of disease

Question 26

What are the three main groups of micro-organisms?

Answer 26

Viruses Bacteria Fungi

Question 27

They live within the cells of other organisms, what am I?

Answer 27

Virus

Question 28

They survive as spores when their conditions are not favourable for them to grow and reproduce, what am I?

Answer 28

Bacteria

Question 29

They are a type of plant organisms that grows across cells and tissues as extensive branching network of tissue, what am I?

Answer 29

Fungi

Question 30

What is CJD

Answer 30

Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease

Question 31

What is not killed by disinfection or sterilisation?

Answer 31

prions

Question 32

Why is the oral cavity the perfect place for micro-organisms to live?

Answer 32

Warm and well oxygenated

Question 33

What is bacteria?

Answer 33

A single cell organism with a ridged wall

Question 34

What bacteria is sausage shaped and round at the ends?

Answer 34

Lactobacilli

Question 35

What bacteria is round shaped and live in clusters?

Answer 35

Staphylococci

Question 36

What bacteria is rod shaped with pointy ends?

Answer 36

Bacilli Fusiformis

Question 37

What bacteria is circular and in the form of a chain?

Answer 37

Streptococci

Question 38

What bacteria is spiral shaped?

Answer 38

Spirochaete

Question 39

How do bacteria survive if the conditions are not favourable?

Answer 39

Spores, they protect the bacteria from chemicals - may survive decontamination, but not sterilisation

Question 40

Are viruses smaller or bigger than bacteria?

Answer 40

A lot smaller

Question 41

Fungi are plant like organisms similar to colonies of mushrooms under the microscope. They grow an extensive network of branches lying across the body tissues. What are they called?

Answer 41

Hyphae

Question 42

Where do fungi tend to live?

Answer 42

Outer surface of the body, such as skin, oral cavity lining, nails and eyes

Question 43

What is the only fungal infection of dental importance?

Answer 43

Candid Albicans

Question 44

Which two oral conditions are the result of Candid Albicans?

Answer 44

Denture Stomatitis & Oral thrush