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Anatomy > Carpal Bones > Flashcards

Carpal Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Distal end of radius articulates with which 2 carpal bones?

A
  1. Scaphoid
  2. Lunate
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2
Q

Wrist joint is a type of?

A

Condyloid synovial joint between radius and scaphoid + lunate

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3
Q

Scpahoid is on which side?

A

Lateral (towards thumb)

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4
Q

Trapezium is on which side?

A

Lateral (towards thumb)
Below scaphoid

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5
Q

The biggest bone in hand?

A

Capitate

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6
Q

Why is it called hamate?

A

Because has a hook (hamus in latin)

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7
Q

How many phalanges in thumb?

A

Only proximal and distal phalanges while all other fingers have proximal, middle and distal

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8
Q

Joints between
1.Carpals and metacarpal?
2.Metacarpal and phalanges?
3.Between phalanges?

A

1.Carpometacarpal joint
2.Metacarpophalangeal joint
3. Interphalangeal joint (proximal and distal)

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9
Q

Joint between the 1st metacarpal and the proximal phalanx of thumb?

A

Saddle joint

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10
Q

In rheumatoid arthritis which joints are affected?

A
  1. Metacarpophalnageal (MCP)
  2. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP)
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11
Q

In osteoarthritis which joints are affected?

A

Distal Interphalangeal joints (DIP)

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12
Q

A fall on the outstretched hand damages which carpal bone? And why? And what happens?

A

Scaphoid bone because its blood supply enters is distally so the proximal fragment can die in avascular necrosis

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13
Q

What is avascular necrosis?

A

Avascular necrosis is a condition where bone tissue dies due to a lack of blood supply.

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14
Q

Where is the radial artery?

A

On the lateral side of wrist just under the thumb

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15
Q

Radius and ulna are on which side?

A

Radius- lateral
Ulna- medial

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16
Q

Middle phalanx is absent in?

A

Thumb

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17
Q

Which part of scaphoid can be felt?

A

Scaphoid tubercle

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18
Q

What is flexor retinaculum?

A

The flexor retinaculum is a band of connective tissue that runs across the front of the wrist and helps to hold the tendons of the hand and wrist in place.

19
Q

What structure runs over flexor retinaculum?

A

Tendon of palmaris longus

20
Q

Tendon of palmaris longus originates from? What is it function? What is it innervated by?

A

-Medial epicondyl
-flexion of wrist
-by Median nerve

21
Q

Flexor retinaculum is also called?

A

Carpal ligament

22
Q

Name the structures that run under flexor retinaculum?

A
  1. Median nerve
  2. Tendon of flexor pollicis longus
  3. Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis
    4.Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus
23
Q

Median nerve is sensory and motor for which fingers of hands?

A

Middle, Index and Thumb

24
Q

What is carpal Tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression of Median Nerve at flexor retinaculum causing numbness, parasthesia, pain of median nerve distribution

25
Q

What structures make up carpal tunnel?

A

Carpal bones on the bottom and sides, and a ligament on the top called the transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum).
The median nerve and tendons that control the fingers pass through this narrow passageway.

26
Q

The branches of tendon of palmaris longus form?

A

Palmar aponeurosis

27
Q

Difference between aponeurosis and tendon?

A

The main difference between tendons and aponeuroses is that tendons are cord-like and round, while aponeuroses are broad and flat sheet-like tendon.

28
Q

What is Dupytren’s Contracture?

A

Dupuytren’s contracture is a condition that causes the fingers (little and ring) to be pulled towards the palm and being unable to straighten due to thickening and tightening of the connective tissue in the palm of the hand.

Proximal and middle phalanx flex
Distal is unaffected

29
Q

Flexor digitorium superficialis attach to which phalanx?

A

Middle phalanx

30
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus attach to which phalanx?

A

Runs deep (below) to flexor digitorum superficialis and attaches to distal phalanx

31
Q

What kind of bone is pisiform?

A

A sesamoid bone
- formed within the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

32
Q

What’s a sesamoid bone?

A

A sesamoid bone is a small, round bone that is embedded within a tendon or muscle,

typically found in areas of the body where tendons are subjected to a lot of pressure or friction, such as the hands (pisiform) (base of thumb- within tendon of flexor pollicis brevis) , feet, and knees (patella)

33
Q

Wrist joint is also called?

A

Radiocarpal joint

34
Q

Most commonly fractured carpal bone?

A

Scaphoid

35
Q

What is the characterisitic clinical feature of scaphoid fracture?

A

Pain and tenderness in anatomical snuff box

Leads to avascular necrosis

36
Q

Which artery supplies scaphoid?

A

The scaphoid bone is primarily supplied by branches of the radial artery, which enter the bone at its distal end.

37
Q

What is anatomical snuff box?

A

Triangular depression on lateral side of wrist

Lateral border by
Tendon of:
1. Abductor pollicis longus
2. Extensor pollicis brevis

Medial border by
3. Extensor pollicis longus

.

38
Q

Which artery passes through anatomical snuff box?

A

Radial artery
Can be palpated

39
Q

Scaphoid bone is also called?

A

Navicular bone

40
Q

What passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

Conveys Into the hand:
1. Median nerve
2. Flexor tendons

41
Q

When does capitate negin to ossify? And when do others?

A
  • Capitate during 1st year
  • Others untill 12th year when all the bones are ossified
42
Q

Trapezium forms which joint with 1st metacarpal bone?

A

A saddle joint
- allowing great mobility of thumb

43
Q

Attachment point for flexor retinaculum on hamate?

A

Hook of hamate

44
Q

In dislocation of lunate bone, which nerve is commonly involved?

A

Median

Anatomy (7 decks)

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