case studies Flashcards
(7 cards)
what is the basic biochemical structure of a monosaccharide?
a monosaccharide is a basic carbohydrate unit which is used to form more complex compounds. monosaccharides ares made up of carbon atoms which have hydrogen atoms, at least one hydroxyl group and either an aldehyde (RCHO) or ketone (RCOR) group.
what is the common number of carbons on a monosaccharides?
ranges from three to eight but most common is five.
what is the basic biochemical structure of a triglyceride?
a triglyceride molecule has a glycerol backbone esterified with three fatty acids.
what is the basic biochemical structure of an amino acid?
a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group (-NH), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain aka the R group.
why do amino acids have different R groups?
the R group is what distinguishes the different amino acids from each other.
what are the essential amino acids and why are they essential?
histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine. these are essential in the diet as they are not synthesised by mammals meaning we must get them from our diet to have them.
what are the essential fatty acids and why are they essential?
linoleic acid (LA), omega-6 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and omega-3 fatty acid. these cannot be synthessied by the body but they are necessary for health therefore, it is vital that we have them in our diet.
