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LA Sx Exam 1 > Castration > Flashcards

Castration Flashcards

1
Q

What are indications for castration?

A

Behavior, testicular pathology, improves meat quality

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2
Q

What age is best to castrate a horse? A farm animal?

A

Horse: 1-2yr
Farm: earlier is better (<4mo)

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3
Q

Why are younger animals better candidates for castration?

A

Easier to restrain, decreased risk of complications

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4
Q

What species is most susceptible to tetanus?

A

Horses

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5
Q

Promotes appetite and weight gain in farm animals

A

NSAIDs

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6
Q

What NSAIDs do you use for farm animal castration? Horse castration?

A

Farm: meloxicam
Horse: bute, banamine

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7
Q

What demographic requires a surgical approach to castration?

A

Older animals

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8
Q

What are bloodless techniques for castrating ruminants?

A

Banding and Burdizzo

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9
Q

What do you suture the cord with?

A

2 absorbable

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10
Q

What do you suture the vessel with?

A

2-0 absorbable

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11
Q

If you have to tie the limbs down, what do you tie them to?

A

Back to the horse itself

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12
Q

What local anesthesia should you use for castration?

A

Lidocaine/carbocaine

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13
Q

How do you have to alter your local anesthetic dose for farm animals and why?

A

Sensitive - dilute to 0.5% or 1%

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14
Q

What is the complication rate for using emasculators?

A

10%

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15
Q

What emasculators crush w/a self-retaining ratchet and have a separate lever for cutting?

A

Reimer emasculators

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16
Q

What tool twists and stretches the spermatic cord until it breaks to minimize hemorrhage?

A

Henderson castration tool

17
Q

What emasculators simultaneously crush and cut the spermatic cord?

A

Serra and White emasculators

18
Q

Henderson castration tools seal cord and remove the testicle in a _____ technique

A

Closed

19
Q

Bloodless castration tool that crushes the cord within the scrotum to result in testicular atrophy

A

Burdizzo emasculatome

20
Q

How do you sedate a horse for standing castration?

A

a2 +/- opioid + local anesthesia

21
Q

Blocks skin incision and scrotum as well as the spermatic cord itself

A

Local anesthesia

22
Q

What are pros of recumbent castration?

A

Better visualization and safer for surgeon

23
Q

Scrotal approach 1cm off median raphe through skin and parietal tunic

A

Open castration

24
Q

Which castration technique has a higher risk of hydrocele formation and why?

A

Open - parietal tunic can seal and accumulate fluid within it

25
Q

Incise through scrotum and parietal tunic but also transecting parietal tunic with the spermatic cord

A

Semi-closed castration

26
Q

What castration technique is most commonly done in horses?

A

Closed castration

27
Q

Incise only through the scrotum and strip the scrotal fascia and scrotal ligament

A

Closed castration

28
Q

What muscle gets cut along with the spermatic cord and parietal tunic in a closed castration?

A

Cremaster muscle

29
Q

What kind of procedure (in regards to sterility) is a closed castration?

A

Clean procedure (but not sterile)

30
Q

How does local anesthesia affect blood pressure response to surgery?

A

Decreases it

31
Q

How does local anesthesia affect cremaster muscle tension?

A

Decreases it

32
Q

How do you incise the scrotum?

A

Caudal to cranial pole 1cm on either side of median raphe

33
Q

What is the proper positioning for an emasculator?

A

Nut to nut perpindicular to cord

34
Q

What is the rule of thumb for how long you have to hold the crush of an emasculator?

A

1min/yr of life (minimum 3 min)

35
Q

How will the surgery site heal?

A

Second intention healing

36
Q

How does hydrotherapy improve post-op recovery?

A

Helps w/inflammation and swelling

37
Q

When should a horse be forced to exercise again and why?

A

24hr later - promotes drainage and minimizes swelling

LA Sx Exam 1 (17 decks)

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