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LA Sx Exam 1 > Surgical Conditions of the Equine Foot > Flashcards

Surgical Conditions of the Equine Foot Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Runs from the distal 1/3 of the cannon bone to mid-P2

A

DDFT

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2
Q

How much of P2 is contained within the hoof (distal to the coronary band)?

A

1/3

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3
Q

The T ligament is the junction between what structures?

A

Coffin joint synovial capsule, navicular bursa, DDFT

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4
Q

What keratolytic bacteria is responsible for thrush?

A

F. necrophoum

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5
Q

What causes thrush?

A

Manure/urine accumulation in sole dissolves frog sulci

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6
Q

What does thrush predispose to?

A

FB penetration, lameness

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7
Q

What predisposes to thrush?

A

Poor env hygeine, contracted heels, individual predisposition

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8
Q

What leads to contracted/sheared heels?

A

Poor hoof care/trimming and lack of exercise

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9
Q

What hardening products can you use to treat thrush?

A

Copper, idodine

10% benzoyl peroxide + acetate + metronidazole

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10
Q

How much bacteria is present in a thrush wound?

A

10^11

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11
Q

Colonization of poor quality horn by bacteria and fungi

A

White line disease

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12
Q

Bacteria and fungi only affect keratinized tissue

A

White line disease

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13
Q

What factors predispose to white line disease?

A

Nutritional deficiency, damage to hoof wall, excessive dry or wet environment

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14
Q

What is the “hollow” hoof of white line disease caused by?

A

Loss of bond between hoof wall and sole

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15
Q

How is white line disease usually diagnosed?

A

Incidental finding @ trimming

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16
Q

What are radiographic differences between laminitis and white line disease?

A

WLD = more radiolucent, closer to hoof wall, extends all the way to the ground

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17
Q

How can you re-establish stability of a white line diseased hoof?

A

Artificial hoof or rest

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18
Q

Why must the keratinized tissues of the hoof be intact to place an artificial hoof?

A

Exothermic reaction will kill sensitive lamina if exposed

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19
Q

Are horizontal or vertical hoof wall cracks more problematic?

A

Vertical

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20
Q

What direction do horizontal hoof wall racks run?

A

Parallel to coronary band

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21
Q

What causes horizontal hoof wall cracks?

A

Trauma or severe abscess

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22
Q

Do horizontal hoof wall cracks require treatment?

A

Not usually

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23
Q

Damage to coronary papillae causes what?

A

Disrupted horn produciton

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24
Q

What are the main contributors to vertical hoof wall cracks?

A

Abnormal hoof angles, poor shoeing, long shoeing intervals

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25
How are vertical hoof wall cracks named?
Based on location (toe, quarter, heel, bar)
26
What are the two types of vertical hoof wall cracks and which will present with lameness?
Superficial vs full thickness (lameness)
27
Why might instability of a full thickness vertical hoof wall crack cause pain?
Pinching of sensitive lamina
28
How do you manage full thickness vertical cracks?
Correct underlying predisposing factor
29
What treatment can you do to decrease pressure on the coronary band?
Bar shoe + sole pad
30
Soft tissue mass between the hoof wall and P3
Keratoma
31
Where do keratomas originate?
Coronary band
32
What causes a keratoma?
Local inflammation and trauma create scar tissue that develops and grows distally
33
90% of keratomas are assoc. w/_______
Abscessation
34
Is a keratoma neoplastic?
No
35
What radiographic change can you see with a keratoma?
Lysis of P3 @ toe
36
How will the coronary band appearance be affected by a keratoma?
Bulging coronary band
37
Semi-circular radiolucent defect of P3
Keratoma
38
How do you treat a keratoma?
Complete surgical removal
39
What is the success rate of a keratoma removal?
80%
40
What part of the hoof should you leave intact when removing a keratoma to keep limb stability?
Most distal 1cm of hoof wall
41
How long does it take the horn to cover a surgical defect in the wall or sole?
Several months
42
Why must a keratoma patient be rested for a month prior to being rehabbed?
Allow keratinized tissue to regrow
43
Infection in the sensitive lamina
Hoof abscess
44
How lame will a horse with a hoof abscess be?
4/5 or 5/5
45
What causes a hoof abscess?
FB or sole bruise (more common)
46
Why is lameness so severe with hoof abscesses?
Swelling of the hoof capsule (cannot expand) = increased pressure
47
How do you treat a hoof abscess?
Pair sole @ white line and drain
48
What do you soak/flush a hoof abscess with?
Hyperosmotic solution
49
Why will topical tx or abx have decreased efficacy against a hoof abscess?
pH of abscess is very low/acidic
50
Will you need abx for hoof abscesses?
Not usually
51
Often assoc. w/pedal osteitis and bone sequestrum of P3
Chronic abscess
52
Why are puncture wounds so severe?
Deep seeding of infection
53
What kind of environment results from a puncture wound and why?
Horn contracts and seals quickly to create an anaerobic env.
54
Where do you do a synoviocentesis for cytology sample of a puncture wound?
Navicular bursa
55
How do you distend the centesis site and why?
LRS to assess for leakage from inside out
56
Sole bruise
Aseptic pododermatitis
57
Reddening of the sole
Aseptic pododermatitis
58
Sometimes shows thin soles on rads
Aseptic podermatitis
59
Is there drainage assoc. w/aseptic pododermatitis?
No
60
How do you treat aseptic pododermatitis?
Soft rides, sole padding, NSAIDs

LA Sx Exam 1 (17 decks)

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