Cat B

Question 1

Back and forth, Backward, Baggage reclaim, Bureaucracy, Bypass

Answer 1

1. Back and forth

Meaning & Usage:
Phrase (adverb/adjective): Used to describe movement in one direction and then in the opposite direction, repeatedly. Also used to indicate the exchange of ideas, arguments, or communication.
Persian Translations: عقب و جلو، رفت و برگشت، رفت و آمد، تبادل، گفتگو دوطرفه

Pronunciation:
IPA: /ˌbæk ənd ˈfɔːrθ/
Phonetic (Persian): بک اَند فورث

Example Sentences:

• She paced back and forth in the hallway.
• The argument went back and forth for hours.
• The ball was hit back and forth across the net.

Synonyms: to and fro, to and from, reciprocally, alternately

Common Prepositions:

• Back and forth between: The shuttle moves back and forth between terminals.
• Back and forth with: He emailed back and forth with the client.

Word Family:
No distinct word family forms (idiomatic phrase).

Opposites:

• Static: The machine remained static during the test.
• One-way: This is a one-way road; no back and forth allowed.

Related Words (Concept Group): movement, oscillation, sway, shuttle, alternate, repeat, rotate, wobble, transit, motion

Semantic Field: motion, argument, communication, hesitation, indecision, fluctuation, conversation, repetition, shuttle, negotiation

Collocations: back-and-forth conversation, back-and-forth movement, go back and forth, moving back and forth, pace back and forth, argue back and forth, swing back and forth, shuttle back and forth, back-and-forth exchange, send back and forth

2. Backward

Meaning & Usage:
Adjective/Adverb: Refers to movement in the direction opposite to usual (towards the rear) or being less advanced (in development, thinking, technology).
Persian Translations: به عقب، عقب‌مانده، واپس‌گرایانه، رو به عقب

Pronunciation:
IPA: /ˈbæk.wɚd/
Phonetic (Persian): بَکوِرد

Example Sentences:

• He took a step backward.
• The policy is seen as a backward move for the country.
• They consider that region economically backward.

Synonyms: reverse, behind, regressive, undeveloped, retarded, primitive

Common Prepositions:

• Backward from: Count backward from ten.
• Backward in: That area is backward in terms of education.

Word Family:

• Adjective: backward
• Adverb: backwardly (rare)
• Noun: backwardness (e.g., The backwardness of the system is shocking.)

Opposites:

• Forward: She moved forward confidently.
• Advanced: The country is technologically advanced.

Related Words (Concept Group): regressive, undeveloped, conservative, behind, outdated, primitive, late, slow, hesitant, retrograde

Semantic Field: direction, time, development, regression, education, technology, movement, conservatism, lag, resistance

Collocations: move backward, look backward, step backward, backward policy, economically backward, backward society, backward thinking, backward area, backward glance, backward motion

3. Baggage reclaim

Meaning & Usage:
Noun: The area in an airport where passengers collect their checked luggage after a flight.
Persian Translations: تحویل بار، دریافت چمدان، محل تحویل چمدان

Pronunciation:
IPA: /ˈbæɡ.ɪdʒ rɪˈkleɪm/
Phonetic (Persian): بَگِج ری‌کِلیم

Example Sentences:

• We waited for our suitcases at the baggage reclaim.
• The baggage reclaim area was crowded with passengers.
• She lost her bag at the baggage reclaim.

Synonyms: luggage claim, baggage carousel, luggage pickup

Common Prepositions:

• At baggage reclaim: I met him at baggage reclaim.
• From baggage reclaim: I collected my bag from baggage reclaim.

Word Family:

• Noun: reclaim
• Verb: reclaim (e.g., You can reclaim your bag from the lost and found.)

Opposites:

• Check-in: We left our luggage at check-in.
• Departure area: He stayed in the departure lounge, not at baggage reclaim.

Related Words (Concept Group): luggage, suitcase, carousel, terminal, customs, arrival, airport, reclaim, collection, porter

Semantic Field: airport, travel, luggage, transport, arrival, terminal, airline, lost and found, passenger, pickup

Collocations: baggage reclaim area, at baggage reclaim, baggage reclaim hall, baggage reclaim belt, wait at baggage reclaim, crowded baggage reclaim, airport baggage reclaim, baggage reclaim system, baggage reclaim hall, delay at baggage reclaim

4. Bureaucracy

Meaning & Usage:
Noun: A system of administration marked by officialism, rigid procedures, and red tape, often criticized for inefficiency.
Persian Translations: بوروکراسی، کاغذبازی اداری، دیوان‌سالاری، تشکیلات اداری پیچیده

Pronunciation:
IPA: /bjʊˈrɑː.krə.si/
Phonetic (Persian): بیو-را-کراسی

Example Sentences:

• The project was delayed due to too much bureaucracy.
• Bureaucracy often frustrates small business owners.
• She is trying to reduce bureaucracy in the system.

Synonyms: red tape, administration, officialdom, paperwork, regulation

Common Prepositions:

• In bureaucracy: There’s too much inefficiency in bureaucracy.
• Of bureaucracy: The complexity of bureaucracy is overwhelming.

Word Family:

• Adjective: bureaucratic (e.g., Bureaucratic procedures hinder progress.)
• Adverb: bureaucratically (e.g., The process was handled bureaucratically.)
• Noun: bureaucrat (agent noun – e.g., He works as a bureaucrat in the ministry.)

Opposites:

• Efficiency: The company values efficiency over bureaucracy.
• Flexibility: We need flexibility, not bureaucracy.

Related Words (Concept Group): administration, regulation, officialdom, civil service, red tape, governance, department, centralization, paperwork, hierarchy

Semantic Field: government, policy, inefficiency, formality, structure, law, public sector, regulation, order, control

Collocations: excessive bureaucracy, government bureaucracy, reduce bureaucracy, bureaucratic system, layers of bureaucracy, escape bureaucracy, cut bureaucracy, deal with bureaucracy, face bureaucracy, fight bureaucracy

5. Bypass

Meaning & Usage:
Verb: To go around something to avoid it (physically or metaphorically).
Noun: A road passing around a town; or a medical operation redirecting blood flow.
Persian Translations:
Verb: دور زدن، نادیده گرفتن، بی‌اعتنایی کردن
Noun: جاده فرعی، عمل بای‌پس (قلب)

Pronunciation:
IPA: /ˈbaɪ.pæs/
Phonetic (Persian): بای‌پس

Example Sentences:

• He bypassed the traffic by using side roads.
• The surgeon performed a heart bypass.
• They tried to bypass the normal approval process.

Synonyms: avoid, circumvent, sidestep, evade, detour

Common Prepositions:

• Bypass around: The new road bypasses around the town.
• Bypass through: You can bypass through the alternate route.

Word Family:

• Verb: bypass
• Noun: bypass
• Adjective (compound use): bypassed (e.g., A bypassed village was left deserted.)

Opposites:

• Follow: He followed the official route.
• Comply: She complied with the rules instead of bypassing them.

Related Words (Concept Group): detour, alternative, heart surgery, avoidance, reroute, shortcut, route, medical procedure, navigation, sidestep

Semantic Field: transportation, medicine, avoidance, navigation, regulation, road system, travel, city planning, hospital, law

Collocations: heart bypass surgery, bypass road, bypass operation, bypass traffic, bypass the rules, bypass system, bypass the city, bypass procedure, bypass line, bypass route

Verb Forms:
Present: bypass – Past: bypassed – Present Perfect: have/has bypassed

Phrasal Verbs:

• Bypass around: They bypassed around the crowd.
• Bypass over (less common): They tried to bypass over the internal review.

Question 2

Bait, Ballot, Ban, Band, Bill

Answer 2

1. Bait

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun/Verb –
  As a noun, bait refers to food or lure used to attract animals or people. As a verb, it means to deliberately provoke or trap someone.
  Persian: طعمه، دام، اغوا، تحریک کردن، وسوسه کردن، طعمه‌گذاری کردن
• Pronunciation:
  /beɪt/ — بِیت
• Example Sentences:
  1. The fisherman used worms as bait to catch fish.
  2. Don’t let them bait you into arguing.
  3. The mouse took the bait and was caught.
• Synonyms: lure, decoy, enticement, trap, temptation, provoke
• Common Prepositions:
  • with: He baited the trap with cheese.
  • into: She baited him into saying something foolish.
• Word Family:
  • Adjective: baited → The baited hook was set in the river.
  • Verb: bait
  • Noun: bait
• Negative/Opposite:
  • ignore, repel → He refused to be baited into a fight.
• Related Words: lure, decoy, snare, trap, temptation, provoke, entice, hooked, capture, trick
• Semantic Field: trap, catch, provoke, trick, hunt, lure, ensnare, tempt, deceive, attack
• Common Collocations:
  bait trap, take the bait, bait the hook, bait station, bait and switch, bait pile, baited breath, bait animal, bait user, bait attack
• Verb Forms: bait – baited – have baited
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • bait up: The hunter baited up the trap before dawn.

2. Ballot

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun/Verb –
  As a noun, ballot refers to the process or system of voting, especially in secret. As a verb, it means to vote or decide by ballot.
  Persian: رأی، برگه‌ی رأی، رأی‌گیری مخفی، رأی دادن
• Pronunciation:
  /ˈbæl.ət/ — بَلِت
• Example Sentences:
  1. The decision was made by secret ballot.
  2. They cast their ballots yesterday.
  3. Members will be balloted next week on the issue.
• Synonyms: vote, poll, referendum, election, choice
• Common Prepositions:
  • for: She cast her ballot for the new candidate.
  • in: He participated in the ballot.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: ballot
  • Noun: ballot
  • Agent noun: balloter (rare) → The balloters submitted their votes anonymously.
• Negative/Opposite:
  • abstain, reject → Some members chose to abstain from the ballot.
• Related Words: election, referendum, poll, voting, nominee, candidate, voter, electorate, count, tally
• Semantic Field: democracy, voting, politics, representation, election, governance, decision, public opinion, secret vote, franchise
• Common Collocations:
  secret ballot, cast a ballot, ballot paper, ballot box, postal ballot, electronic ballot, ballot results, ballot initiative, ballot vote, ballot system
• Verb Forms: ballot – balloted – have balloted

3. Ban

• Meaning & Usage:
  Verb/Noun –
  As a verb, ban means to officially or legally prohibit something. As a noun, it refers to the act of prohibition.
  Persian: ممنوع کردن، منع کردن، ممنوعیت، تحریم
• Pronunciation:
  /bæn/ — بَن
• Example Sentences:
  1. Smoking was banned in all public places.
  2. The government imposed a ban on alcohol.
  3. He was banned from driving for a year.
• Synonyms: prohibit, forbid, outlaw, bar, restrict
• Common Prepositions:
  • on: There is a ban on plastic bags.
  • from: She was banned from entering the building.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: ban
  • Noun: ban
  • Adjective (past participle): banned → Banned substances are not allowed in sports.
• Negative/Opposite:
  • allow, permit, legalize → They legalized what was once banned.
• Related Words: restriction, prohibition, censor, outlaw, limit, regulation, penalty, enforcement, legal, forbidden
• Semantic Field: law, censorship, authority, control, policy, enforcement, restriction, morality, discipline, judgment
• Common Collocations:
  ban smoking, travel ban, total ban, ban on weapons, government ban, officially banned, temporary ban, internet ban, entry ban, drug ban
• Verb Forms: ban – banned – have banned
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • ban from: He was banned from the stadium after the incident.

4. Band

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun/Verb –
  As a noun, band can refer to a musical group, a strip of material, or a group with a shared purpose. As a verb, it means to unite or tie together.
  Persian: گروه موسیقی، نوار، دسته، متحد شدن، بستن
• Pronunciation:
  /bænd/ — بَند
• Example Sentences:
  1. She plays the guitar in a rock band.
  2. A red band was tied around the package.
  3. The villagers banded together to resist the invasion.
• Synonyms: group, ensemble, troop, crew, team, unite
• Common Prepositions:
  • together: They banded together for a common cause.
  • around: A band around his wrist identified him.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: band
  • Adjective: banded → The bird had a banded leg for tracking.
  • Noun: band
  • Present participle adjective: banding (rare) → Banding patterns help in species identification.
• Negative/Opposite:
  • disperse, separate → The group disbanded after the project ended.
• Related Words: group, crew, squad, unit, troop, orchestra, ribbon, wrap, unite, bracelet
• Semantic Field: music, unity, organization, cooperation, decoration, resistance, bonding, association, identity, instrumentation
• Common Collocations:
  rock band, wedding band, head band, band together, jazz band, band member, arm band, live band, band aid, marching band
• Verb Forms: band – banded – have banded
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • band together: Citizens banded together to rebuild the town.

5. Bill

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun/Verb –
  As a noun, bill can refer to a statement of charges, proposed legislation, or a paper currency. As a verb, it means to send a statement for payment.
  Persian: قبض، لایحه، صورتحساب، اسکناس، صورتحساب فرستادن، نام‌نویسی کردن
• Pronunciation:
  /bɪl/ — بیل
• Example Sentences:
  1. The electricity bill was higher this month.
  2. Congress passed a bill to reduce taxes.
  3. They billed me twice for the same service.
• Synonyms: invoice, statement, act, legislation, charge, proposal
• Common Prepositions:
  • for: He was billed for the repair work.
  • to: The bill was sent to my email.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: bill
  • Noun: bill
  • Agent noun: biller (rare) → The biller handles the utility charges.
  • Adjective: billed → A heavily billed customer canceled his subscription.
• Negative/Opposite:
  • credit, refund, repeal → The bill was repealed by the senate.
• Related Words: invoice, receipt, tax, payment, legislation, fee, charge, proposal, draft, allowance
• Semantic Field: finance, law, commerce, politics, legislation, pricing, transactions, accounting, government, economy
• Common Collocations:
  electricity bill, phone bill, pass a bill, medical bill, bill collector, bill payment, draft bill, overdue bill, utility bill, legal bill
• Verb Forms: bill – billed – have billed
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • bill for: They billed for the entire month in advance.
  • bill as: He was billed as the main speaker for the conference.

Question 3

Bank, Bankrupt, Band aid, Bar, Brew

Answer 3

1. Bank

• Meaning & Usage (noun/verb):
  As a noun, bank refers to a financial institution or the sloping land beside a river. As a verb, it means to deposit money or to tilt an aircraft.
  Persian:
  Noun: بانک (مؤسسه مالی)، کرانه، لبه (رودخانه)
  Verb: سپرده‌گذاری کردن، حفظ کردن، کج شدن (هواپیما)
• Pronunciation:
  /bæŋk/ — بَنگک
• Example Sentences:
  1. I need to go to the bank to withdraw cash.
  2. The river flooded and eroded the bank.
  3. The pilot banked the plane sharply to the left.
• Synonyms: financial institution, shore, edge, deposit, tilt
• Common Prepositions:
  • at: I closed an account at the bank.
  • on: They walked on the river bank.
  • with: He deposited money with his bank.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: bank → She banks every payday.
  • Noun (agent): banker → The banker approved the loan.
  • Adjective (banking): banking → Banking services are now online.
• Negative/Opposite:
  • withdraw → She withdrew funds instead of banking more.
• Related Words: lender, credit, savings, finance, investment, branch, vault, transaction, interest, mortgage
• Semantic Field: money, finance, river, aviation, deposit, loan, safe, institution, shore, tilt
• Common Collocations:
  retail banking, river bank, central bank, bank account, bookkeeping, bank loan, online banking, bank balance, mortgage bank, bank transfer
• Verb Forms: bank – banked – have banked
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • bank on: You can bank on her support.
  • bank up: They banked up snow against the house.

2. Bankrupt

• Meaning & Usage (noun/adjective/verb):
  As a noun/adjective, bankrupt describes financial insolvency. As a verb, it means to render someone insolvent.
  Persian:
  Noun/adj.: ورشکست (شخص یا شرکت)
  Verb: ورشکست کردن، از پا درآوردن
• Pronunciation:
  /ˈbæŋ.krʌpt/ — بَنگ‌کراپت
• Example Sentences:
  1. The company went bankrupt last year.
  2. Many families were left bankrupt by the crisis.
  3. Mismanagement could bankrupt the firm.
• Synonyms: insolvent, ruined, broke, failed, destitute
• Common Prepositions:
  • be bankrupt (no preposition): They are bankrupt.
  • bankrupt in: The business was bankrupt in debts.
  • bankrupt of: He felt bankrupt of ideas.
• Word Family:
  • Noun: bankruptcy → Bankruptcy forced the sale.
  • Adjective: bankrupt
  • Verb: bankrupt
• Negative/Opposite:
  • solvent → The company remained solvent despite downturns.
• Related Words: insolvency, creditor, debtor, liquidation, reorganization, default, debt, assets, liability, restructuring
• Semantic Field: finance, insolvency, failure, debt, legal, restructuring, risk, economy, default, liquidation
• Common Collocations:
  declare bankrupt, file for bankruptcy, solvent vs bankrupt, bankrupt firm, bankrupt consumer, bankrupt state, technical bankruptcy, near bankrupt, bankrupt estate, bankrupt bank
• Verb Forms: bankrupt – bankrupted – have bankrupted
• Phrasal Verbs:
  (None common)

3. Band‑aid

• Meaning & Usage (noun/adjective):
  As a noun, refers to a small adhesive bandage or a temporary fix; as an adjective, describes quick, temporary solutions.
  Persian: چسب زخم، پماد زخم، راه‌حل موقتی، چسب زخم موقتی
• Pronunciation:
  /ˈbændˌeɪd/ — بَند‌اِید
• Example Sentences:
  1. She covered the cut with a band‑aid.
  2. This is just a band‑aid solution to the structural problem.
  3. He slapped a band‑aid on the minor burn.
• Synonyms: plaster, adhesive bandage, quick fix, temporary remedy, stopgap
• Common Prepositions:
  • on: She put a band‑aid on her finger.
  • for: They applied a band‑aid for the budget shortfall.
• Word Family:
  • Noun: band‑aid
  • Adjective: band‑aid → band‑aid measures (noun usage)
• Negative/Opposite:
  • permanent solution → They need a permanent solution, not another band‑aid fix.
• Related Words: plaster, dressing, patch, remedy, palliative, quick fix, stopgap, superficial, temporary, cushion
• Semantic Field: healing, remedy, medical care, temporary fix, safety, first aid, patch, emergency, provisional, superficial
• Common Collocations:
  band‑aid solution, slap on a band‑aid, cover with a band‑aid, band‑aid treatment, remove the band‑aid, use a band‑aid, band‑aid fix, cheap band‑aid, small band‑aid, band‑aid approach

4. Bar

• Meaning & Usage (noun/verb/prep.):
  Noun: establishment for drinks, a solid obstruction, a unit of pressure;
  Verb: to exclude or prohibit;
  also a preposition in legal phrases (bar none = without exception).
  Persian:
  Noun: بار، میخانه، نرده، میله، سد
  Verb: ممنوع کردن، مانع شدن
  Prep.: به جز، مگر
• Pronunciation:
  /bɑːr/ (US /bɑːr/, UK /bɑː/) — بار
• Example Sentences:
  1. We met at the bar after work.
  2. A bar of chocolate is in the drawer.
  3. Smoking is barred in the restaurant.
• Synonyms: pub, counter, barrier, beam, forbid, exclude, restrict
• Common Prepositions:
  • at: She waited at the bar.
  • from: He is barred from the contest.
  • except bar none: She was the best student bar none.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: bar → They barred the door.
  • Noun: bar
  • Adjective: barred → A barred window prevented entry.
• Negative/Opposite:
  • allow, permit → He was allowed to enter, not barred.
• Related Words: tavern, barrier, counter, beam, block, forbid, ban, restrict, plank, prohibition
• Semantic Field: prohibition, drinking, obstacle, restriction, metal, unit, law, access, boundary, exclusion
• Common Collocations:
  at the bar, bar exam, barred from, bar none, chocolate bar, bar code, bar room, bar counter, bar graph, bar area
• Verb Forms: bar – barred – have barred
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • bar out: They barred out intruders.

5. Brew

• Meaning & Usage (verb/noun):
  As a verb, brew means to make tea, coffee, or beer by steeping or fermenting. As a noun, it refers to the beverage made.
  Persian: دم کردن، جوشاندن، تهیه کردن (چای/قهوه/نوشیدنی)، دم‌کرده، نوشیدنی
• Pronunciation:
  /bruː/ — بروو
• Example Sentences:
  1. She brewed a fresh pot of coffee.
  2. Dark ale is brewing in the cellar.
  3. The weather looks like a storm is brewing.
• Synonyms: steep, infuse, concoct, ferment, prepare, cook up
• Common Prepositions:
  • of: A brew of herbs is soothing.
  • for: He’s brewing coffee for the visitors.
  • in: Tension is brewing in the team.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: brew → They brew beer locally.
  • Noun: brew → Try this homebrew.
  • Present participle adj.: brewing → The brewing storm forced evacuation.
• Negative/Opposite:
  • spoil → The brew spoiled because of heat.
• Related Words: tea, coffee, ale, beer, ferment, steep, infusion, porter, stout, craft beer
• Semantic Field: beverage, fermentation, preparation, tea, coffee, beer, herbal, storm, tension, kitchen
• Common Collocations:
  brew coffee, brew tea, brewing storm, brew beer, home brew, craft brew, strong brew, herbal brew, cold brew, brew pot
• Verb Forms: brew – brewed – have brewed
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • brew up (British): She brewed up a pot of tea for us.

Question 4

Barbell, Bare, Bargain, Bark, Blidfold

Answer 4

1. Barbell
Meaning & Usage: Noun. A long metal bar with weights attached at both ends, used for weightlifting and strength training. Common in fitness, bodybuilding, and gym contexts.
Persian Translations: هالتر، میله وزنه‌برداری، میله بدنسازی
Pronunciation (IPA): /ˈbɑːr.bel/
Phonetic (Persian): باربـِل

Examples:

1. He lifted a 100-kilogram barbell with ease.
2. Barbell squats are great for building leg strength.
3. She added more weight to the barbell for her final set.

Synonyms: weight bar, dumbbell (related but not identical), lifting bar
Common Prepositions:

• with: He trained with a heavy barbell.
• on: She placed the weights on the barbell.
• under: He was stuck under the barbell after failing a rep.

Word Family:

• Noun: barbell
  (No further derivatives; other forms are not applicable.)

Opposite/Negative: (No true opposite; conceptually: bodyweight as in training without equipment.)
He switched from barbell training to bodyweight exercises.

10 Related Words: dumbbell, kettlebell, weights, gym, workout, strength, squat, deadlift, bench press, fitness
10 Semantic Field Words: training, muscles, powerlifting, resistance, rep, set, gym, bar, plate, curl
10 Collocation Phrases: heavy barbell, barbell squat, barbell curl, loaded barbell, Olympic barbell, barbell bench press, barbell training, barbell row, barbell deadlift, barbell set

2. Bare
Meaning & Usage: Adjective / Verb.
(Adj) Without covering or clothing; simple, empty, or basic.
(V) To uncover or expose something. Used in everyday, poetic, or figurative contexts.
Persian Translations:
(Adj): برهنه، لخت، عریان، خالی، ساده
(V): آشکار کردن، لخت کردن، برهنه کردن

Pronunciation (IPA): /beə(r)/
Phonetic (Persian): بِر

Examples:

1. He walked on the beach with bare feet.
2. The room was completely bare.
3. She bared her soul in the interview.

Synonyms: naked, exposed, uncovered, empty, simple, stripped
Common Prepositions:

• of: The tree was bare of leaves.
• with: A bare room with no furniture.
• to: He bared his teeth to the attacker.

Word Family:

• Adjective: bare
• Verb: bare (bares, bared, has bared)
• Adverb: barely (He could barely stand.)
• Past participle adjective: bared (His bared chest was visible.)

Opposite/Negative:

• covered: He covered his bare head with a hat.
• clothed: She wasn’t bare; she was fully clothed.

10 Related Words: naked, nude, empty, exposed, minimal, stripped, vulnerable, plain, basic, uncovered
10 Semantic Field Words: skin, simplicity, reveal, exposure, truth, light, honesty, surface, raw, reveal
10 Collocation Phrases: bare hands, bare feet, bare minimum, bare bones, bare truth, bare essentials, bare skin, bared teeth, barely visible, barely noticeable

3. Bargain
Meaning & Usage: Noun / Verb.
(N): A good deal or something bought cheaply.
(V): To negotiate the price or conditions of something. Common in shopping or negotiation contexts.
Persian Translations:
(N): معامله خوب، چانه‌زنی، خرید ارزان
(V): چانه زدن، معامله کردن

Pronunciation (IPA): /ˈbɑː.ɡɪn/
Phonetic (Persian): بارگین

Examples:

1. I got this coat at a real bargain.
2. She loves to bargain when shopping abroad.
3. They bargained over the price for hours.

Synonyms: deal, negotiation, agreement, haggle, trade
Common Prepositions:

• for: He bargained for a lower price.
• over: They bargained over the contract terms.
• at: She bought the dress at a bargain.

Word Family:

• Noun: bargain
• Verb: bargain (bargains, bargained, has bargained)
• Adjective: bargainable (rare)
• Agent noun: bargainer (He’s a tough bargainer.)

Opposite/Negative:

• rip-off: That wasn’t a bargain—it was a total rip-off.

10 Related Words: negotiate, deal, discount, sale, contract, trade, haggling, agreement, value, offer
10 Semantic Field Words: price, money, saving, market, buyer, seller, cost, retail, wholesale, purchase
10 Collocation Phrases: bargain price, bargain hunter, strike a bargain, drive a hard bargain, real bargain, bargain basement, bargain deal, good bargain, bargain offer, hard bargainer

Verb Forms: bargain – bargained – has bargained

Phrasal Verbs:

• bargain for: We didn’t bargain for such bad weather.
• bargain on: They bargained on getting a raise this year.

4. Bark
Meaning & Usage: Verb / Noun.
(V): The sound a dog makes.
(N): The sound itself or the outer covering of a tree. Used in animal and botanical contexts.
Persian Translations:
(V): واق زدن، پارس کردن
(N): واق سگ، پوست درخت

Pronunciation (IPA): /bɑːk/
Phonetic (Persian): بارک

Examples:

1. The dog barked loudly all night.
2. His bark was worse than his bite.
3. The tree’s bark was thick and rough.

Synonyms: yelp, growl, howl (for sound), tree skin, crust (for surface)
Common Prepositions:

• at: The dog barked at the stranger.
• up: He’s barking up the wrong tree. (idiom)
• through: The sound barked through the silence.

Word Family:

• Verb: bark (barks, barked, has barked)
• Noun: bark
• Adjective (rare): bark-like (The material had a bark-like texture.)
• Agent noun: barker (The dog is a loud barker.)

Opposite/Negative:
(No direct opposite; contextually: silent or meow for animal sounds.)
Unlike the barking dog, the cat was completely silent.

10 Related Words: howl, yelp, growl, woof, whine, noise, sound, barky, barkless, barker
10 Semantic Field Words: dog, pet, sound, forest, tree, noise, communication, leaf, animal, trunk
10 Collocation Phrases: bark loudly, bark at strangers, tree bark, strip bark, thick bark, dog’s bark, sharp bark, bark repeatedly, loud bark, bark-covered trunk

Verb Forms: bark – barked – has barked

Phrasal Verbs:

• bark at: The dog barked at the mailman.
• bark out: He barked out the orders.

5. Blindfold
Meaning & Usage: Noun / Verb / Adjective.
(N): A piece of cloth used to cover someone’s eyes.
(V): To cover someone’s eyes.
(Adj): Done while eyes are covered. Used in games, punishments, or metaphorically.
Persian Translations:
(N): چشم‌بند
(V): چشم‌بند زدن، کور کردن
(Adj): کورکورانه

Pronunciation (IPA): /ˈblaɪnd.fəʊld/
Phonetic (Persian): بلایندفولد

Examples:

1. They put a blindfold on the prisoner.
2. She was blindfolded before the surprise.
3. It was a blindfold test to ensure fairness.

Synonyms: eye cover, mask, hood, cover, conceal
Common Prepositions:

• with: He was blindfolded with a scarf.
• by: Blindfolded by the attacker, he couldn’t see anything.
• in: In a blindfold experiment, no one knew the real test.

Word Family:

• Noun: blindfold
• Verb: blindfold (blindfolds, blindfolded, has blindfolded)
• Adjective: blindfold
• Past participle adjective: blindfolded (The blindfolded child guessed the object.)

Opposite/Negative:

• uncover, unblindfold: They unblindfolded him after the game.

10 Related Words: blind, conceal, hide, cover, mask, test, sightless, gag, mystery, guessing
10 Semantic Field Words: eyes, vision, darkness, surprise, concealment, experiment, justice, control, secrecy, deception
10 Collocation Phrases: blindfold test, blindfold experiment, blindfolded victim, wear a blindfold, remove the blindfold, blindfold challenge, blindfold surprise, with a blindfold, blindfold training, blindfold game

Verb Forms: blindfold – blindfolded – has blindfolded

Phrasal Verbs:
(No unique phrasal verbs beyond literal use.)
They blindfolded the hostage during transport.

Question 5

Barley, Barrier, Bartender, Basement, Blind spot

Answer 5

1. Barley

Meaning & Usage:
Noun – A cereal grain used in food and alcoholic beverages like beer and whisky. Commonly used in agriculture and cooking.
Persian Translations: جو، دانه جو، غله جو، جو دوسر (in some contexts)

Pronunciation: /ˈbɑːr.li/ — بارلی

Examples:

1. Barley is a key ingredient in brewing beer.
2. They harvested acres of barley last summer.
3. Barley soup is both nutritious and filling.

Synonyms: grain, cereal, wheat (related), oats (related)

Common Prepositions:

• of barley (a field of barley)
• with barley (soup with barley)

Word Family:

• Noun: barley
  (No major adjectives, verbs, or adverbs exist in the word family.)

Opposite/Negative: None (It’s a specific crop, so no direct antonym)

10 Related Words: wheat, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, grain, maize, cereal, legume, crop

10 Semantic Field Words: farm, agriculture, harvest, cultivation, food, nutrition, soup, beer, malt, flour

10 Collocations: barley soup, barley bread, field of barley, barley grain, barley seeds, barley tea, cooked barley, barley flour, barley meal, barley porridge

2. Barrier

Meaning & Usage:
Noun – A physical or metaphorical obstacle that prevents movement, progress, or communication. Used in transportation, psychology, language, or technology.
Persian Translations: مانع، سد، حصار، حائل، مرز

Pronunciation: /ˈbæriər/ — بَری‌یر

Examples:

1. Language is often a barrier to communication.
2. The police set up a barrier to block the road.
3. Emotional barriers can prevent healing.

Synonyms: obstacle, hurdle, obstruction, block, hindrance

Common Prepositions:

• barrier to (barrier to success)
• barrier between (barrier between the two countries)

Word Family:

• Noun: barrier
• Adjective: barrier-free (e.g. barrier-free access)

Opposite: bridge — Education can be a bridge instead of a barrier.

10 Related Words: obstacle, blockage, blockade, wall, fence, gate, limit, division, restriction, checkpoint

10 Semantic Field Words: restriction, communication, difficulty, limitation, separation, control, defense, exclusion, access, connection

10 Collocations: language barrier, trade barrier, remove barriers, legal barrier, physical barrier, break the barrier, high barrier, emotional barrier, barrier-free design, overcome a barrier

3. Bartender

Meaning & Usage:
Noun – A person who serves drinks at a bar. Used in hospitality, restaurants, and nightlife contexts.
Persian Translations: متصدی بار، بارتندر، نوشیدنی‌ساز

Pronunciation: /ˈbɑːrˌtendər/ — بار‌تِندِر

Examples:

1. The bartender made me a strong margarita.
2. She worked as a bartender in college.
3. The bartender refused to serve intoxicated customers.

Synonyms: barkeeper, mixologist, barmaid (female), server

Common Prepositions:

• bartender at (bartender at the hotel bar)
• talk to the bartender (talk to the bartender about a drink)

Word Family:

• Noun: bartender
• Verb: bartend – He used to bartend at a nightclub.

Opposite: patron — The bartender served the patron a drink.

10 Related Words: bar, mixologist, drink, cocktail, alcohol, server, waitress, saloon, lounge, barkeep

10 Semantic Field Words: service, alcohol, nightlife, customer, mix, beverage, hospitality, tips, drink menu, pub

10 Collocations: professional bartender, experienced bartender, bartend at events, licensed bartender, bartender training, cocktail bartender, female bartender, bartend a party, skilled bartender, bartender service

Verb Forms: bartend – bartended – have bartended

Phrasal Verbs:

• bartend at: He used to bartend at a beach resort.

4. Basement

Meaning & Usage:
Noun – The lowest floor of a building, typically underground. Used in architecture, housing, or security contexts.
Persian Translations: زیرزمین، طبقه زیرین، انبار زیرزمینی

Pronunciation: /ˈbeɪs.mənt/ — بِیس‌مِنت

Examples:

1. The laundry room is in the basement.
2. They converted the basement into a home gym.
3. Tornado shelters are often located in basements.

Synonyms: cellar, lower level, underground room, subfloor

Common Prepositions:

• in the basement (We keep old books in the basement.)
• into the basement (She moved into the basement after college.)

Word Family:

• Noun: basement
  (No direct verb/adjective/adverb forms.)

Opposite: attic — He stored his things in the attic, not the basement.

10 Related Words: cellar, attic, sublevel, garage, crawlspace, storage, room, bunker, shelter, underground

10 Semantic Field Words: architecture, home, room, shelter, level, construction, security, apartment, space, design

10 Collocations: finished basement, basement apartment, flooded basement, basement renovation, basement window, into the basement, basement storage, clean the basement, basement stairs, basement office

5. Blind spot

Meaning & Usage:
Noun – 1. An area outside a driver’s field of vision. 2. A subject a person is unaware of or biased about.
Persian Translations: نقطه کور، ناحیه نامرئی، ناحیه بی‌اطلاعی

Pronunciation: /ˈblaɪnd ˌspɒt/ — بلایند‌ اِسپات

Examples:

1. Be careful; there’s a car in your blind spot.
2. She has a blind spot when it comes to her son’s faults.
3. Mirrors help reduce your blind spots while driving.

Synonyms: dead zone, unnoticed area, unawareness, bias, oversight

Common Prepositions:

• in your blind spot (There’s a truck in your blind spot.)
• about a blind spot (She talked about her blind spot in parenting.)

Word Family:

• Adjective: blind
• Noun: blind spot

Opposite: clear view — Now I have a clear view of the road behind me.

10 Related Words: bias, unawareness, neglect, unconsciousness, oversight, flaw, perception, vision, angle, mistake

10 Semantic Field Words: driving, awareness, psychology, attention, perception, safety, mistake, error, visibility, reflex

10 Collocations: driving blind spot, psychological blind spot, emotional blind spot, rear blind spot, hidden blind spot, have a blind spot, reduce blind spots, spot a blind spot, ignore a blind spot, car blind spot

Question 6

Based on, Basis, Battle, Be into +, Be/come along

Answer 6

1. Based on

• Meaning & Usage: Phrase; used to indicate the foundation, origin, or reasoning of something. Common in academic, scientific, and general contexts.
• Persian Translations: بر اساس، مبتنی بر، بر پایه، براساسِ
• Pronunciation (IPA): /beɪst ɒn/ | Phonetic (Persian): بِیست آن
• Example Sentences:
  • The movie is based on a true story.
  • Based on your performance, you’ll be promoted.
  • His conclusions were based on inaccurate data.
• Synonyms: founded on, grounded in, built on, derived from, according to
• Common Prepositions:
  • based on: The decision was based on the evidence.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: base – They based their research on earlier studies.
  • Noun: basis – The basis of the argument is flawed.
  • Adjective: basic – We need basic information first.
  • Adverb: basically – It’s basically a simple process.
• Opposites: not based on, unsupported by – His claims are not based on any evidence.
• Related Words: base, basic, basis, basically, foundational, fundamental, underlying, grounded, derived, assumption
• Semantic Field Words: evidence, data, reason, justification, origin, foundation, principle, logic, fact, theory
• Common Collocations: based on facts, based on research, based on assumptions, based on truth, be based on, is based on, was based on, findings based on, story based on, based on evidence

2. Basis

• Meaning & Usage: Noun; the underlying support or foundation for an idea, argument, or process. Used in academic, legal, and conversational contexts.
• Persian Translations: مبنا، پایه، اساس، بنیان
• Pronunciation (IPA): /ˈbeɪ.sɪs/ | Phonetic (Persian): بِی‌سیس
• Example Sentences:
  • We make hiring decisions on the basis of merit.
  • There is no legal basis for this claim.
  • Their friendship was formed on a mutual basis of respect.
• Synonyms: foundation, groundwork, base, support, framework, reason
• Common Prepositions:
  • basis for: The basis for his argument is weak.
  • basis of: The basis of democracy is freedom.
  • on the basis of: He was chosen on the basis of experience.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: base – They based their actions on facts.
  • Noun: basis – The basis of his conclusion is unclear.
  • Adjective: basic – These are basic principles.
  • Adverb: basically – Basically, we agree.
• Opposites: baseless, groundless – Her accusations were baseless.
• Related Words: base, basic, foundation, logic, reasoning, structure, ground, principle, justification, criteria
• Semantic Field Words: idea, argument, support, justification, evidence, logic, rule, standard, assumption, core
• Common Collocations: solid basis, legal basis, firm basis, strong basis, weak basis, on the basis of, no basis for, provide a basis, theoretical basis, basis for decision

3. Battle

• Meaning & Usage: Noun/Verb; (n.) a fight between opposing forces; (v.) to struggle or fight, either physically or metaphorically. Used in war, competition, personal struggles.
• Persian Translations: (اسم) نبرد، جنگ، پیکار؛ (فعل) جنگیدن، نبرد کردن، مقابله کردن
• Pronunciation (IPA): /ˈbæt.əl/ | Phonetic (Persian): بَتِل
• Example Sentences:
  • They fought a long battle for justice.
  • He battled cancer for five years.
  • The army won the battle but lost the war.
• Synonyms: fight, struggle, conflict, war, clash, combat, skirmish
• Common Prepositions:
  • battle against: He battled against addiction.
  • battle for: She battled for her rights.
  • battle with: He had a battle with anxiety.
• Word Family:
  • Noun: battle – The battle was intense.
  • Verb: battle – They battled hard.
  • Adjective: battling (present participle) – Battling soldiers never gave up.
  • Adjective: battled (past participle) – A well-battled match.
  • Agent Noun: battler (informal) – He’s a true battler.
• Opposites: surrender, peace, give up – He chose not to battle anymore and gave up.
• Related Words: combat, war, clash, fighter, warrior, resistance, opposition, violence, conflict, defense
• Semantic Field Words: army, enemy, struggle, defense, attack, courage, victory, defeat, weapon, strategy
• Common Collocations: battle for survival, battle against cancer, lost the battle, won the battle, battle with depression, epic battle, ongoing battle, fierce battle, battle-scarred, mental battle
• Verb Forms: battle – battled – have battled
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • battle through: She battled through tough times.
  • battle on: They battled on despite difficulties.

4. Be into +

• Meaning & Usage: Informal phrase (verb); shows interest or attraction to something/someone. Used in casual or spoken English.
• Persian Translations: علاقه داشتن به، جذب چیزی بودن، اهلِ چیزی بودن
• Pronunciation (IPA): /biː ˈɪn.tuː/ | Phonetic (Persian): بی اینتو
• Example Sentences:
  • I’m really into photography these days.
  • She’s into yoga and meditation.
  • He’s not into horror movies.
• Synonyms: interested in, fond of, enthusiastic about, passionate about, like
• Common Prepositions:
  • into + [noun/gerund]: He’s into skateboarding.
• Word Family:
  • Phrase only (no extended word family)
• Opposites: not into – I’m not into politics.
• Related Words: like, passion, interest, hobby, preference, fascination, enthusiasm, obsession, taste, craving
• Semantic Field Words: enjoy, engage, explore, discover, practice, devote, pursue, watch, follow, learn
• Common Collocations: be into music, be into sports, be really into, be so into it, not into that, totally into, be deeply into, be into fashion, be into coding, be into healthy food

5. Be/come along

• Meaning & Usage: Phrasal verb; “be along” = arrive somewhere; “come along” = accompany, progress, or appear. Used in informal, everyday English.
• Persian Translations: (be along) آمدن، سر رسیدن؛ (come along) همراه شدن، پیشرفت کردن، رخ دادن
• Pronunciation (IPA): /bi əˈlɒŋ/, /kʌm əˈlɒŋ/ | Phonetic (Persian): بی اَلانگ، کام اَلانگ
• Example Sentences:
  • I’ll be along in a few minutes.
  • Come along with us to the concert.
  • The project is coming along nicely.
• Synonyms: arrive, accompany, join, progress, develop, appear
• Common Prepositions:
  • along with: He came along with his sister.
• Word Family:
  • Verb phrase only – informal
• Opposites: stay behind, fall behind, be delayed – He didn’t come along with the others.
• Related Words: arrive, join, accompany, follow, progress, develop, improve, tag along, move, show up
• Semantic Field Words: journey, arrival, participation, presence, growth, improvement, action, movement, timing, support
• Common Collocations: come along nicely, be along soon, come along with, let him come along, things are coming along, come along quickly, be right along, come along well, come along later, come along quietly

Question 7

Be trapped, Be/get used to +, Be into +, Bear with +, Beard

Answer 7

1. Be trapped

• Meaning & Usage (Verb Phrase – passive form):
  To be stuck in a place, situation, or state, often with no easy way to escape. Common in both literal (physically stuck) and figurative (emotionally, socially stuck) contexts.
  Persian Translations: گرفتار شدن، گیر افتادن، در تله افتادن، اسیر شدن، محبوس شدن
• Pronunciation: /bi ˈtræpt/
  Phonetic (Persian): بی ترَپت
• Examples:

1. The hikers were trapped in the cave for two days.
2. She felt trapped in a toxic relationship.
3. Several animals were trapped by the rising floodwaters.

• Synonyms: be stuck, be caught, be imprisoned, be confined, be ensnared
• Common Prepositions:
  • in → He was trapped in his car during the storm.
  • under → They were trapped under the debris.
  • by → She was trapped by fear.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: trap → The hunters trapped a rabbit.
  • Noun: trap → The fox fell into a trap.
  • Adjective (past participle): trapped → She was trapped inside.
• Negative/Opposite: be free → After years of being trapped, he finally felt free.
• 10 Related Words: trap, trapped, entrap, ensnare, confined, stuck, caught, imprison, escape, confinement
• 10 Semantic Field Words: escape, prison, cage, lock, stuck, barrier, fear, limitation, pressure, danger
• 10 Collocations:
  be trapped inside, feel trapped, get trapped, become trapped, remain trapped, trapped animal, trapped emotions, trapped in fear, trapped in debt, trapped under rubble

2. Be/get used to +

• Meaning & Usage (Expression – verb phrase):
  To be accustomed to or familiar with something. “Be used to” refers to current state; “get used to” indicates a process of adaptation.
  Persian Translations: عادت داشتن، به چیزی خو گرفتن، با چیزی کنار آمدن
• Pronunciation: /bi ˈjuːst tuː/ – /ɡɛt ˈjuːst tuː/
  Phonetic (Persian): بی یوست تو / گِت یوست تو
• Examples:

1. I am used to waking up early.
2. He got used to the cold weather.
3. She is getting used to her new job.

• Synonyms: accustomed to, familiar with, comfortable with, adjusted to, habituated to
• Common Prepositions:
  • to → I’m used to spicy food.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: use → I use a spoon to eat soup.
  • Adjective: used → I’m used to this kind of stress.
  • Adverb: usefully (from “use”) → She responded usefully to the question.
• Negative/Opposite: not used to → I’m not used to driving on the left.
• 10 Related Words: use, usage, useful, useless, used, user, utilize, habitual, habituated, adaptation
• 10 Semantic Field Words: habit, routine, adaptation, practice, repetition, comfort, familiarity, regularity, training, exposure
• 10 Collocations:
  be used to it, get used to it, not used to, become used to, used to noise, used to pressure, getting used to life, slowly getting used to, completely used to, used to the idea

3. Be into +

• Meaning & Usage (Slangy Expression – verb phrase):
  To be very interested or enthusiastic about something or someone (hobby, activity, or romantic interest).
  Persian Translations: علاقه داشتن به، درگیر بودن با، شیفته بودن
• Pronunciation: /bi ˈɪntuː/
  Phonetic (Persian): بی اینتو
• Examples:

1. I’m really into jazz music.
2. She’s into photography these days.
3. He’s into that girl from his class.

• Synonyms: interested in, enthusiastic about, obsessed with, fond of, crazy about
• Common Prepositions:
  • into → He’s really into football.
• Word Family:
  (No direct word family, as this is a fixed phrase using the preposition “into”)
• Negative/Opposite: not into → I’m not into horror movies.
• 10 Related Words: interest, passion, obsession, enthusiasm, like, hobby, fan, fascination, attraction, craze
• 10 Semantic Field Words: like, enjoy, follow, love, pursue, engage, watch, play, support, care
• 10 Collocations:
  be really into, not into, totally into, get into, deeply into, be into sports, be into someone, be into music, be into fashion, be into gaming

4. Bear with +

• Meaning & Usage (Phrasal verb):
  Used to ask someone to be patient or to tolerate something for a short time.
  Persian Translations: تحمل کردن، صبور بودن، مدارا کردن، با کسی/چیزی کنار آمدن
• Pronunciation: /ˈber wɪð/
  Phonetic (Persian): بِر وید
• Examples:

1. Please bear with me while I find your file.
2. Bear with us during this brief interruption.
3. Just bear with the noise for a few more minutes.

• Synonyms: tolerate, be patient with, endure, wait, put up with
• Common Prepositions:
  • with → Bear with me as I explain.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: bear → I can’t bear the pain.
  • Adjective: bearable → The pain was bearable.
  • Adverb: unbearably → It was unbearably hot.
• Negative/Opposite: can’t bear → I can’t bear waiting in lines.
• 10 Related Words: bear, tolerate, endure, patient, patience, tolerance, put up with, suffer, withstand, forbear
• 10 Semantic Field Words: wait, accept, cooperate, manage, handle, adjust, allow, pause, delay, explain
• 10 Collocations:
  bear with me, bear with us, please bear with, can’t bear with, just bear with, bearable situation, bear the delay, patiently bear with, bear with difficulty, continue to bear with

5. Beard

• Meaning & Usage (Noun):
  Facial hair that grows on a man’s chin, cheeks, and jaw. Also used metaphorically (rarely) for covering or disguise.
  Persian Translations: ریش، موی صورت، پوشش (مجازی)
• Pronunciation: /bɪrd/
  Phonetic (Persian): بِیرد
• Examples:

1. He trimmed his beard every week.
2. The actor grew a beard for his role.
3. Beards are trendy again among young men.

• Synonyms: facial hair, whiskers, stubble (slightly different), goatee (type)
• Common Prepositions:
  • with → A man with a long beard.
  • of → A beard of white hair.
• Word Family:
  • Verb (rare): to beard → He bearded the enemy in his lair.
  • Noun: beard → His beard was thick.
  • Agent noun: bearded (adj) → The bearded man walked in.
• Negative/Opposite: be clean-shaven → He shaved off his beard and was clean-shaven.
• 10 Related Words: beard, bearded, mustache, goatee, shave, razor, stubble, chin, grooming, barber
• 10 Semantic Field Words: face, hair, trimming, style, appearance, jaw, masculinity, fashion, salon, hygiene
• 10 Collocations:
  grow a beard, trim the beard, long beard, thick beard, grey beard, full beard, shave the beard, beard style, bearded man, beard grooming

Question 8

Beast, Beautify, Bear, Beat, Besides

Answer 8

1. Beast

• Meaning & Usage: Noun. Refers to a large, dangerous animal or a fierce person. Used literally for animals and figuratively for people with wild or aggressive traits, or something very difficult.
• Persian Translations: حیوان درنده، جانور وحشی، آدم وحشی یا خشن، موجود مهیب، چیز سخت یا طاقت‌فرسا
• Pronunciation: /biːst/ — بیست
• Examples:
  • The forest was home to many wild beasts.
  • He turned into a beast when he lost his temper.
  • This final exam is a real beast.
• Synonyms: creature, monster, brute, animal, savage
• Prepositions:
  • of: The beast of the jungle attacked the campers.
  • like: He fought like a beast.
• Word Family:
  • Adjective: beastly – He gave me a beastly look.
  • Noun: beastliness – His beastliness scared everyone.
• Negative/Opposite: gentle creature – She’s no beast; she’s a gentle creature.
• Related Words: beastly, monstrous, brute, feral, predator, wild, animalistic, untamed, savage, fearsome
• Semantic Field: monster, lion, bear, predator, creature, tiger, wolf, killer, giant, menace
• Collocation Phrases: beast mode, wild beast, fierce beast, beast of burden, mythical beast, inner beast, savage beast, legendary beast, beast-like behavior, taming the beast

2. Beautify

• Meaning & Usage: Verb. To make something or someone more attractive, often visually; used for people, places, and objects.
• Persian Translations: زیبا کردن، آراستن، تزئین کردن
• Pronunciation: /ˈbjuː.tɪ.faɪ/ — بیو تی فای
• Examples:
  • They planted flowers to beautify the park.
  • She used makeup to beautify her appearance.
  • The city plans to beautify the downtown area.
• Synonyms: adorn, decorate, enhance, embellish, prettify
• Prepositions:
  • with: The room was beautified with fresh roses.
  • by: The garden was beautified by skilled landscapers.
• Word Family:
  • Adjective: beautiful – She wore a beautiful dress.
  • Present Participle: beautifying – They were beautifying the hall.
  • Past Participle: beautified – The wall was beautified with art.
  • Adverb: beautifully – The table was beautifully arranged.
  • Verb: beautify
  • Noun: beauty, beautification – The beautification of the square cost millions.
  • Agent noun: beautifier – She works as a beautifier in a salon.
• Negative/Opposite: uglify (rare) – Pollution uglified the beach.
• Related Words: beauty, beautification, beautiful, beautifier, decorate, embellish, enhance, charming, pleasant, stylish, artistic
• Semantic Field: beauty, decoration, makeup, aesthetics, design, attraction, appearance, improvement, art, transformation, elegance
• Collocation Phrases: beautify the area, beautify the garden, beautify the home, beautified space, beautification project, beautification plan, beautifully arranged, beautifying efforts, street beautification, urban beautification
• Verb Forms: beautify – beautified – have/has beautified

3. Bear

• Meaning & Usage: Verb/Noun.
  • Verb: To carry, endure, or tolerate something difficult or painful.
  • Noun: A large heavy animal.
• Persian Translations: تحمل کردن، بردن، زاییدن، خرس
• Pronunciation: /ber/ — بِر
• Examples:
  • I can’t bear this pain anymore.
  • She bore a child last year.
  • The bear wandered into the campsite.
• Synonyms (verb): endure, tolerate, carry, support, withstand
• Prepositions:
  • with: Please bear with me a moment.
  • on: The bridge can bear the weight of trucks.
  • by: He bore the responsibility by himself.
• Word Family:
  • Present Participle: bearing – He is bearing a lot of stress.
  • Past Participle: borne – The costs are borne by the company.
  • Noun: bearer – The bearer of bad news
  • Noun (object): burden – The burden was too much to bear.
• Negative/Opposite: reject, refuse, avoid – I can’t bear lies = I reject dishonesty.
• Related Words: bearable, unbearable, bearing, bore, borne, burden, carrier, tolerate, endure, load
• Semantic Field: endure, tolerate, survive, carry, suffer, weight, pressure, strength, patience, resistance
• Collocation Phrases: bear the burden, bear in mind, bear responsibility, bear weight, bear pain, bear a child, bear a resemblance, bear witness, bear fruit, bear the consequences
• Verb Forms: bear – bore – have/has borne
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • bear with: Please bear with us during the delay.
  • bear out: The evidence bears out his claim.
  • bear down on: The storm is bearing down on us.

4. Beat

• Meaning & Usage: Verb/Noun.
  • Verb: To strike repeatedly, defeat someone, or move rhythmically.
  • Noun: A rhythmic unit in music or sound.
• Persian Translations: زدن، شکست دادن، ضرب زدن، تپش، ضرب
• Pronunciation: /biːt/ — بیت
• Examples:
  • He beat the drum loudly.
  • We finally beat our rivals.
  • Her heart beat faster when she saw him.
• Synonyms: strike, defeat, hit, win against, thump
• Prepositions:
  • on: He beat on the door.
  • at: She beat me at chess.
• Word Family:
  • Present Participle: beating – The crowd was beating the drums.
  • Past Participle: beaten – He was badly beaten.
  • Noun: beat – I like the beat of this song.
  • Adjective: unbeaten – The team remains unbeaten this season.
• Negative/Opposite: lose – We lost the match instead of beating them.
• Related Words: beating, beaten, beatable, unbeaten, heartbeat, rhythm, tempo, thump, pulsate, drumming
• Semantic Field: win, fight, rhythm, strike, pulse, defeat, combat, noise, game, music
• Collocation Phrases: beat the odds, beat the clock, beat someone up, beat around the bush, unbeaten record, heart beat, rhythmic beat, beat the system, beat a path, beating sound
• Verb Forms: beat – beat – have/has beaten
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • beat up: He was beaten up by a gang.
  • beat out: She beat out her competitor for the job.
  • beat down: The sun beat down on us all day.

5. Besides

• Meaning & Usage: Preposition/Adverb.
  • Preposition: In addition to.
  • Adverb: Moreover, also.
• Persian Translations: علاوه بر، به‌علاوه، گذشته از این
• Pronunciation: /bɪˈsaɪdz/ — بی‌سایدز
• Examples:
  • Besides English, he speaks French and German.
  • I’m too tired to go out. Besides, it’s raining.
  • There’s nothing here besides rocks and sand.
• Synonyms: in addition to, moreover, furthermore, also, apart from
• Prepositions:
  • besides + noun/gerund: Besides studying, she works full-time.
• Word Family:
  • Adverb: besides – Besides, we need more time.
  • (No verb, adjective, or noun forms directly)
• Negative/Opposite: except (sometimes in contrast) – Everyone was invited besides him ≠ Everyone was invited except him
• Related Words: furthermore, moreover, additionally, in addition, as well, likewise, except, beyond, apart from, plus
• Semantic Field: conjunctions, transitions, addition, extra, supplementary, cause, support, logic, continuation, expansion
• Collocation Phrases: besides that, besides the point, besides this, besides being, besides everything, besides him, besides her, besides work, besides school, besides studying

Question 9

Believe, Belly, Belonging, Beloved, Belt

Answer 9

1. Believe

• Meaning & Usage: Verb. To accept something as true; to have faith in someone or something. Common in religious, personal, and factual contexts.
  Persian: باور داشتن، اعتقاد داشتن، ایمان داشتن، گمان کردن، تصور کردن
• IPA: /bɪˈliːv/
  Phonetic (Persian): بی‌لیو
• Examples:
  1. I believe in your abilities.
  2. She believes that honesty is the best policy.
  3. Don’t believe everything you read online.
• Synonyms: trust, accept, suppose, assume, think, consider
• Common Prepositions:
  • in: He believes in miracles.
  • that: I believe that she’s telling the truth.
• Word Family:
  • Adjective: believable – Her story was barely believable.
  • Present Participle Adj: believing – A believing heart is powerful.
  • Adverb: believably – He lied believably.
  • Noun: belief – His belief was unshakable.
• Opposite: disbelieve – Many people disbelieve the rumors.
• 10 Related Words: belief, believer, believable, unbelievable, disbelief, trust, faith, conviction, opinion, assumption
• 10 Semantic Field Words: trust, faith, confidence, doubt, truth, evidence, honesty, opinion, religion, certainty
• 10 Collocations: strongly believe, believe in yourself, believe it or not, hard to believe, widely believed, truly believed, firmly believe, make believe, false belief, popular belief
• Verb Forms: believe – believed – have/has believed
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • believe in: I believe in hard work.
  • believe (someone) over (someone else): I believed her over him.

2. Belly

• Meaning & Usage: Noun. The front part of the human body below the chest; also used metaphorically for hunger, emotion, or shape.
  Persian: شکم، ناف، پهلو، بخش پایین بدن
• IPA: /ˈbɛli/
  Phonetic (Persian): بلی
• Examples:
  1. He rubbed his belly after a big meal.
  2. She laughed from her belly.
  3. The ship’s belly was loaded with cargo.
• Synonyms: abdomen, stomach, gut, tummy, midsection
• Common Prepositions:
  • of: The belly of the plane was damaged.
  • on: He had a tattoo on his belly.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: belly (as in “to swell or bulge”) – The sail bellied out in the wind.
• Opposite: back – He lay on his belly, not on his back.
• 10 Related Words: stomach, gut, abdomen, torso, navel, waist, core, organ, digestion, intestines
• 10 Semantic Field Words: food, hunger, digestion, pain, laughter, health, fitness, fat, pregnancy, bloating
• 10 Collocations: big belly, round belly, flat belly, belly laugh, belly pain, belly dancer, belly button, belly fat, beer belly, belly growl
• Verb Forms: belly – bellied – have/has bellied
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • belly up (to): He bellied up to the bar and ordered a drink.

3. Belonging

• Meaning & Usage: Noun. The feeling of being accepted and connected; also refers to possessions (belongings).
  Persian: تعلق، حس تعلق، دارایی‌ها، متعلقات
• IPA: /bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋ/
  Phonetic (Persian): بی‌لانگینگ
• Examples:
  1. She felt a strong sense of belonging in her new team.
  2. Emotional belonging is vital for mental health.
  3. Don’t forget to pack your belongings.
• Synonyms: attachment, inclusion, possessions, association, connection
• Common Prepositions:
  • to: These items belong to me.
  • of: The sense of belonging was missing.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: belong – You belong here.
  • Noun (Plural): belongings – Take your personal belongings.
• Opposite: alienation – He felt alienation instead of belonging.
• 10 Related Words: belong, belongings, inclusion, connection, membership, identity, community, association, attachment, relationship
• 10 Semantic Field Words: home, acceptance, group, identity, culture, tribe, familiarity, closeness, friendship, trust
• 10 Collocations: emotional belonging, sense of belonging, strong belonging, feeling of belonging, deep belonging, lack of belonging, create belonging, human belonging, cultural belonging, social belonging

4. Beloved

• Meaning & Usage: Adjective / Noun. Deeply loved, cherished, or admired. Used for people, places, or things.
  Persian: محبوب، عزیز، مورد علاقه
• IPA: /bɪˈlʌvɪd/
  Phonetic (Persian): بی‌لاوِد
• Examples:
  1. He wrote poems to his beloved wife.
  2. Paris is her beloved city.
  3. The beloved actor passed away last night.
• Synonyms: adored, cherished, dear, precious, treasured, favorite
• Common Prepositions:
  • by: He was beloved by everyone.
  • of: She is the beloved of the nation.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: love – I love my family.
  • Noun: lover – He was her secret lover.
  • Adjective: lovely – What a lovely day!
• Opposite: unloved – The neglected dog seemed unloved.
• 10 Related Words: love, lover, lovely, loving, dearly, dearest, sweetheart, passion, darling, fond
• 10 Semantic Field Words: affection, emotion, devotion, care, marriage, admiration, romance, couple, memory, loyalty
• 10 Collocations: beloved friend, beloved wife, beloved pet, dearly beloved, late beloved, beloved child, beloved country, beloved teacher, beloved memory, beloved companion

5. Belt

• Meaning & Usage: Noun / Verb. A strip worn around the waist; a region or zone; also means to hit (verb).
  Persian: کمربند، منطقه، ضربه زدن (محکم)، کمربند ایمنی، نواره
• IPA: /bɛlt/
  Phonetic (Persian): بِلْت
• Examples:
  1. He tightened his belt before the run.
  2. The tornado hit the Midwest belt.
  3. He belted the ball across the field.
• Synonyms: strap, band, waistband, lash, zone, hit, strike
• Common Prepositions:
  • around: He wore a belt around his waist.
  • with: He belted the thief with a stick.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: belt – She belted out a song.
  • Noun: belter (informal for loud singer) – She’s a real belter on stage.
• Opposite: loosen (as in undoing a belt) – He loosened his belt after dinner.
• 10 Related Words: strap, buckle, waistband, sash, loop, lash, cord, leather, cinch, region
• 10 Semantic Field Words: fashion, clothing, uniform, waist, security, territory, zone, geography, tool, strength
• 10 Collocations: leather belt, safety belt, black belt, tighten your belt, belt buckle, belt loop, tool belt, seat belt, belt region, belt out
• Verb Forms: belt – belted – have/has belted
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • belt out: She belted out the national anthem.
  • tighten your belt: We had to tighten our belts after the budget cuts.

Question 10

Breach, Bend, Berate, Bent, Bet

Answer 10

1. Breach

• Meaning & Usage: (noun & verb)
  As a noun, “breach” means a violation or breaking of a rule, agreement, or law; an opening or gap.
  As a verb, it means to break through something or fail to observe a law or agreement.
  Common in legal, military, technical, and relationship contexts.
  Persian: نقض، تخلف، شکاف، رخنه، گسیختن
• Pronunciation: /briːtʃ/
  Phonetic (Persian): بریچ
• Examples:

1. There was a serious breach of contract.
2. The hackers managed to breach the security system.
3. The wall was breached during the battle.

• Synonyms: violation, infraction, rupture, break, infringement
• Common Prepositions:
  • of: A breach of trust can ruin a relationship.
  • in: There was a breach in the security wall.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: breach – The enemy forces breached the defenses.
  • Noun: breach – He sued for breach of contract.
  • Adjective (rare): breaching (used in military/technical) – The breaching tool exploded the lock.
• Opposites: compliance, observance – Their actions were in compliance with the rules.
• 10 Related Words: violate, infraction, compromise, rupture, breakage, trespass, transgression, infringement, incursion, gap
• 10 Semantic Field Words: law, security, contract, agreement, duty, promise, firewall, rules, policy, military
• 10 Collocations: data breach, breach of contract, security breach, breach of trust, serious breach, major breach, breach occurred, breach investigation, intentional breach, breach penalty
• Verb Forms: breach – breached – have breached
• Phrasal Verbs: (rare) None standard.

2. Bend

• Meaning & Usage: (verb & noun)
  As a verb, it means to curve or flex something from its straight shape.
  As a noun, it refers to a curve or angle in something (e.g., road, body).
  Persian: خم شدن، خم کردن، پیچ خوردن، خمیدگی
• Pronunciation: /bend/
  Phonetic (Persian): بند
• Examples:

1. He bent the wire into a hook.
2. She bent down to pick up the coin.
3. There’s a sharp bend in the road ahead.

• Synonyms: curve, flex, twist, arch, stoop
• Common Prepositions:
  • over: He bent over to tie his shoes.
  • around: The road bends around the mountain.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: bend – You must bend your knees before jumping.
  • Noun: bend – Watch out for that bend in the road.
  • Adjective: bendable – This metal is very bendable.
  • Past participle adjective: bent – His arm was bent awkwardly.
• Opposites: straighten – He straightened the rod after it was bent.
• 10 Related Words: curve, arch, stoop, kneel, fold, flex, stretch, incline, twist, lean
• 10 Semantic Field Words: movement, posture, shape, flexibility, road, angle, body, exercise, yoga, elasticity
• 10 Collocations: bend forward, bend over, sharp bend, bend your knees, bend the rules, gradual bend, sudden bend, bend it slightly, don’t bend, bend into shape
• Verb Forms: bend – bent – have bent
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • bend over – He bent over to tie his shoes.
  • bend down – She bent down to pick up her keys.
  • bend to (someone’s will) – He refused to bend to pressure.

3. Berate

• Meaning & Usage: (verb)
  To scold or criticize someone angrily and at length.
  Used in formal and intense emotional situations.
  Persian: سرزنش کردن، به‌شدت انتقاد کردن، دعوا کردن
• Pronunciation: /bɪˈreɪt/
  Phonetic (Persian): بی-ریت
• Examples:

1. The teacher berated the students for being late.
2. He was berated in public by his boss.
3. She berated herself for making such a mistake.

• Synonyms: scold, rebuke, reprimand, chide, criticize
• Common Prepositions:
  • for: He berated her for lying.
  • by: He was berated by his coach.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: berate – He berated the driver for speeding.
  • Present participle adjective: berating – She gave him a berating look.
  • Past participle adjective: berated – The berated employee looked ashamed.
• Opposites: praise, compliment – She praised him for his honesty.
• 10 Related Words: scold, criticize, rebuke, reprimand, chide, lecture, blame, condemn, fault, scorn
• 10 Semantic Field Words: anger, discipline, punishment, authority, shame, guilt, lecture, insult, mistake, confrontation
• 10 Collocations: berate someone for, publicly berate, severely berated, berate harshly, berate in anger, berate the child, manager berated, berated again, constantly berated, berated in front of others
• Verb Forms: berate – berated – have berated
• Phrasal Verbs: (not standard)

4. Bent

• Meaning & Usage: (adjective, noun)
  As an adjective, means curved or not straight; also used metaphorically for someone morally corrupt or determined.
  As a noun, it refers to a natural inclination or talent.
  Persian: خمیده، منحرف، تمایل، استعداد، کج
• Pronunciation: /bent/
  Phonetic (Persian): بنت
• Examples:

1. The pipe was bent out of shape.
2. He’s bent on revenge.
3. She has a bent for music.

• Synonyms: crooked, curved, twisted, inclined, talent
• Common Prepositions:
  • on: He’s bent on causing trouble.
  • for: She has a bent for poetry.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: bend – He bent the rod.
  • Past participle: bent – The spoon was bent.
  • Noun: bent – Her artistic bent was obvious.
• Opposites: straight, upright – The ruler was perfectly straight.
• 10 Related Words: curve, twist, slant, lean, angle, inclination, drive, gift, obsession, direction
• 10 Semantic Field Words: shape, posture, determination, talent, intent, flexibility, aim, personality, ambition, structure
• 10 Collocations: bent pipe, bent on success, morally bent, bent over, bent for drama, artistic bent, slightly bent, bent leg, bent metal, strongly bent

5. Bet

• Meaning & Usage: (noun & verb)
  As a verb, it means to risk money on the result of an event.
  As a noun, it refers to the amount of money risked or the prediction itself. Also used informally to mean “certain” or “guess.”
  Persian: شرط بندی کردن، شرط، پیش‌بینی
• Pronunciation: /bɛt/
  Phonetic (Persian): بت
• Examples:

1. I bet $50 on the final match.
2. My bet is that he’ll be late again.
3. You can bet she won’t forget that insult.

• Synonyms: wager, gamble, stake, guess, prediction
• Common Prepositions:
  • on: He bet on the horse race.
  • against: She bet against the favorite.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: bet – I bet he’ll win.
  • Noun: bet – That was a risky bet.
  • Agent noun: bettor – The bettor placed a large wager.
  • Object noun: bet – He lost the bet.
• Opposites: abstain, avoid, doubt – I doubt he’ll show up.
• 10 Related Words: gamble, wager, stake, odds, prediction, risk, play, luck, lottery, chance
• 10 Semantic Field Words: game, risk, finance, casino, chance, competition, prize, fortune, sports, result
• 10 Collocations: place a bet, win a bet, lose a bet, best bet, bet on, safe bet, high-stakes bet, final bet, friendly bet, side bet
• Verb Forms: bet – bet – have bet
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • bet on – I bet on Brazil to win.
  • bet against – He bet against the odds.
  • you can bet (that) – You can bet she’ll be angry.

Question 11

Behave, Beside +, Before long, Beforehand, Beg

Answer 11

1. Behave

• Meaning & Usage: (verb) To act or conduct oneself in a particular way, especially in a socially acceptable manner. Common in moral, disciplinary, or instructional contexts.
  Persian: رفتار کردن، درست رفتار کردن، مؤدب بودن، خود را کنترل کردن
• Pronunciation: /bɪˈheɪv/ — بــِهِـیو
• Examples:
  • Please behave yourself at the dinner table.
  • The child behaved well during the flight.
  • He always behaves respectfully around elders.
• Synonyms: act, conduct oneself, perform, react, operate
• Prepositions:
  • behave towards: He behaved kindly towards his coworkers.
  • behave like: Stop behaving like a child.
  • behave yourself: You need to behave yourself at school.
• Word Family:
  • Adjective: behavioral – The study focused on behavioral patterns.
  • Adverb: behaviorally – She is behaviorally different in stressful situations.
  • Verb: behave – Try to behave.
  • Noun: behavior – His behavior was unacceptable.
  • Subject noun: behaviorist – The behaviorist studied animal reactions.
• Opposite: misbehave – The students misbehaved during the trip.
• 10 Related Words: behavior, behavioral, misbehave, misconduct, discipline, obedience, manner, etiquette, upbringing, conduct
• 10 Semantic Field Words: act, manners, discipline, conduct, etiquette, respect, self-control, rule, reaction, composure
• 10 Collocations: behave yourself, misbehave badly, behavioral issues, good behavior, poor behavior, behave well, behave differently, behavioral problems, behavior pattern, behave properly
• Verb Forms: behave – behaved – have/has behaved
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • behave yourself – Please behave yourself in front of guests.

2. Beside +

• Meaning & Usage: (preposition) Next to or at the side of someone or something.
  Figuratively: Not relevant or not comparable.
  Persian: کنارِ، در کنارِ، پهلویِ، علاوه بر
• Pronunciation: /bɪˈsaɪd/ — بِـسـایـد
• Examples:
  • She sat beside me during the show.
  • That point is beside the main issue.
  • He placed the keys beside the phone.
• Synonyms: next to, adjacent to, alongside, near, at the side of
• Prepositions:
  • beside someone/something: He stood beside his friend.
  • beside the point: Your comment is beside the point.
• Word Family: Not applicable (preposition only)
• Opposite: away from – She moved away from the fire.
• 10 Related Words: next, near, along, aside, proximity, adjacent, neighboring, close, nearby, aligned
• 10 Semantic Field Words: next to, near, side, proximity, shoulder, corner, location, alignment, vicinity, companion
• 10 Collocations: beside me, beside the bed, sit beside, beside her, beside the door, stood beside, beside his chair, lay beside, right beside, beside the issue

3. Before long

• Meaning & Usage: (adverbial phrase) In a short period of time from now; soon.
  Persian: به‌زودی، تا چندی دیگر، طولی نمی‌کشد که
• Pronunciation: /bɪˈfɔː ˈlɔːŋ/ — بیفور لانگ
• Examples:
  • She’ll be here before long.
  • Don’t worry; you’ll get used to it before long.
  • Before long, the sun will rise.
• Synonyms: soon, shortly, in no time, quickly, in a while
• Prepositions: Not used with prepositions
• Word Family: Not applicable
• Opposite: not anytime soon – The solution won’t come anytime soon.
• 10 Related Words: soon, shortly, presently, upcoming, next, near, imminent, later, timely, approaching
• 10 Semantic Field Words: soon, time, arrival, delay, coming, expectation, immediate, approach, countdown, duration
• 10 Collocations: before long she arrived, before long he came, will happen before long, changes before long, occur before long, be back before long, gone before long, come before long, return before long, end before long

4. Beforehand

• Meaning & Usage: (adverb) In advance; earlier than a particular time.
  Persian: پیشاپیش، از قبل، جلوتر
• Pronunciation: /bɪˈfɔː.hænd/ — بیفور‌هَند
• Examples:
  • Let me know beforehand if you can’t attend.
  • She prepared the documents beforehand.
  • I booked the tickets beforehand.
• Synonyms: earlier, in advance, previously, ahead of time, prior
• Prepositions:
  • beforehand with: He shared the agenda beforehand with the team.
  • beforehand about: She warned us beforehand about the risks.
• Word Family:
  • Adverb: beforehand – He apologized beforehand.
• Opposite: afterward – He learned about the decision afterward.
• 10 Related Words: early, in advance, prior, previously, ahead, preplanned, reserved, scheduled, foresight, anticipatory
• 10 Semantic Field Words: advance, preparation, prearrange, reserve, timing, foresight, booking, ready, alert, schedule
• 10 Collocations: planned beforehand, notify beforehand, told me beforehand, inform beforehand, arrange beforehand, organize beforehand, warn beforehand, prepare beforehand, decide beforehand, ask beforehand

5. Beg

• Meaning & Usage: (verb) To ask someone earnestly or desperately for something; to ask for money or food in the street.
  Persian: التماس کردن، خواهش کردن، گدایی کردن
• Pronunciation: /beɡ/ — بـِگ
• Examples:
  • I beg you to stay.
  • He begged for food.
  • She begged him not to go.
• Synonyms: plead, implore, request, entreat, ask
• Prepositions:
  • beg for: He begged for help.
  • beg to: I beg to differ.
  • beg of: I beg of you, don’t leave.
• Word Family:
  • Present participle adjective: begging – She gave a coin to the begging man.
  • Past participle adjective: begged (rare in this form)
  • Adverb: beggingly (rare) – He looked at her beggingly.
  • Verb: beg – I beg you.
  • Noun: beggar – A beggar sat at the gate.
  • Agent noun: beggar – The beggar asked for change.
• Opposite: refuse – He refused to ask for help.
• 10 Related Words: plea, beggar, begging, implore, entreat, request, ask, charity, desperate, petition
• 10 Semantic Field Words: ask, request, plead, charity, poor, desperate, donation, street, kindness, mercy
• 10 Collocations: beg for help, beg to stay, beg for mercy, beg for money, beg to differ, beg forgiveness, beg for food, begging eyes, beg on the street, beg your pardon
• Verb Forms: beg – begged – have/has begged
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • beg for – He begged for another chance.
  • beg off – She begged off the meeting due to illness.
  • beg out – He begged out of the trip.

Question 12

Benefit, Better luck, Beyond, Bilingual, Biography

Answer 12

1. Benefit

• Meaning & Usage: (noun/verb)
  As a noun, it refers to an advantage, improvement, or profit gained from something. As a verb, it means to gain or help from something. Common in business, health, education, and social contexts.
  Persian:
  (n.) سود، منفعت، فایده، مزیت
  (v.) سود بردن، بهره‌مند شدن، نفع بردن
• Pronunciation: /ˈbenɪfɪt/ – بنِفیت
• Examples:

1. Regular exercise has many health benefits.
2. The new policy will benefit low-income families.
3. Everyone benefits from a clean environment.

• Synonyms: advantage, profit, gain, aid, help, perk, good, improvement
• Prepositions:
  benefit from – Students benefit from online resources.
  benefit of – One benefit of this job is flexibility.
  benefit to – This program is a great benefit to society.
• Word Family:
  Adjective: beneficial – A healthy diet is beneficial to your body.
  Present Participle: benefiting – The community is benefiting from the new project.
  Past Participle: benefited – He has benefited from good education.
  Adverb: beneficially – The policy changed beneficially.
  Verb: benefit
  Noun: benefit, beneficiary – The beneficiary received the insurance money.
  Agent Noun: benefactor – The school was funded by a generous benefactor.
• Opposites: harm, disadvantage – Smoking can harm your health instead of benefiting it.
• 10 Related Words: advantageous, welfare, subsidy, insurance, donation, health, incentive, income, aid, support
• 10 Semantic Field Words: profit, advantage, gain, perk, reward, bonus, interest, dividend, outcome, utility
• 10 Collocation Phrases:
  health benefit, social benefits, benefit from experience, unemployment benefits, financial benefit, beneficial effect, benefit scheme, public benefit, employee benefits, benefit program
• Verb Forms: benefit – benefited – have/has benefited
• Phrasal Verbs:
  benefit from – They truly benefited from the experience.

2. Better luck

• Meaning & Usage: (phrase)
  A wish or expression used to encourage someone after failure or disappointment, implying they may succeed next time.
  Persian: شانس بیشتر، موفقیت در آینده، دفعه بعد موفق باشی
• Pronunciation: /ˈbɛtər lʌk/ – بِتِر لاک
• Examples:

1. You didn’t win this time, but better luck next time!
2. Better luck with your next interview.
3. Better luck next season, team!

• Synonyms: maybe next time, good luck next time, try again, don’t give up
• Prepositions: Not commonly used with prepositions, but:
  with – Better luck with your job hunt!
• Word Family:
  Adjective: lucky – You’re a lucky person.
  Noun: luck – Sometimes success depends on luck.
  Adverb: luckily – Luckily, I didn’t miss the flight.
• Opposites: worse luck – Worse luck, I failed again.
• 10 Related Words: luck, fortune, chance, fate, destiny, unlucky, opportunity, coincidence, karma, outcome
• 10 Semantic Field Words: win, fail, attempt, retry, encouragement, loss, disappointment, support, motivation, perseverance
• 10 Collocation Phrases:
  better luck next time, lucky chance, try your luck, bad luck, wish you luck, a stroke of luck, have no luck, bring good luck, test your luck, good luck charm
• Not a verb – No verb forms or phrasal verbs.

3. Beyond

• Meaning & Usage: (preposition/adverb)
  Used to describe something farther in distance, time, or level; also abstract limits.
  Persian: فراتر از، آن سوی، بیش از، پشتِ
• Pronunciation: /biˈjɒnd/ – بی‌یاند
• Examples:

1. The village lies beyond the mountains.
2. His talent is beyond comparison.
3. I can’t stay here beyond Monday.

• Synonyms: past, farther than, outside, over, above, exceeding
• Prepositions:
  beyond belief – His behavior is beyond belief.
  beyond control – The fire was beyond control.
  beyond repair – The car is damaged beyond repair.
• Word Family:
  Noun: beyondness (rare, abstract) – The beyondness of space fascinates me.
  Adjective: beyond (used adjectivally in phrases like “beyond reach”)
  Adverb: beyond – Don’t look beyond this point.
• Opposites: within – The answer is within reach.
• 10 Related Words: outside, further, after, extra, surpass, above, remote, infinite, extended, distant
• 10 Semantic Field Words: limit, outside, far, unreachable, exceed, surpass, longer, later, invisible, unimaginable
• 10 Collocation Phrases:
  beyond belief, beyond repair, beyond understanding, beyond help, beyond control, beyond recognition, beyond reach, go beyond, beyond expectations, beyond possibility
• Not a verb – No verb forms or phrasal verbs.

4. Bilingual

• Meaning & Usage: (adjective/noun)
  Able to speak two languages fluently; a person who speaks two languages. Common in education, immigration, and linguistics.
  Persian: دو زبانه، مسلط به دو زبان، شخص دو زبانه
• Pronunciation: /ˌbaɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/ – بای‌لینگوِل
• Examples:

1. She grew up in a bilingual household.
2. The school offers a bilingual program.
3. Most of the staff are bilingual.

• Synonyms: multilingual, two-languaged, dual-lingual (rare)
• Prepositions:
  bilingual in – She’s bilingual in Spanish and English.
• Word Family:
  Noun: bilingualism – Bilingualism has many cognitive benefits.
  Adverb: bilingually – He can switch bilingually between English and Arabic.
• Opposites: monolingual – A monolingual child may learn slower in some contexts.
• 10 Related Words: multilingual, monolingual, interpreter, translator, fluency, speech, language, dialect, literacy, communication
• 10 Semantic Field Words: speak, translate, language, culture, accent, grammar, conversation, bilingualism, vocabulary, native speaker
• 10 Collocation Phrases:
  bilingual education, bilingual speaker, bilingual program, bilingual child, bilingual environment, bilingual skills, bilingual community, bilingual household, bilingual employee, bilingual brain
• Not a verb – No verb forms or phrasal verbs.

5. Biography

• Meaning & Usage: (noun)
  An account of someone’s life written by another person. Used in literature, publishing, and history.
  Persian: زندگینامه، بیوگرافی
• Pronunciation: /baɪˈɒɡrəfi/ – بای‌آگرافی
• Examples:

1. He wrote a biography of Einstein.
2. The biography reveals unknown facts about her life.
3. I love reading historical biographies.

• Synonyms: life story, profile, memoir, life history, account
• Prepositions:
  biography of – The biography of Nelson Mandela is inspiring.
  biography about – She read a biography about a famous inventor.
• Word Family:
  Adjective: biographical – The book is filled with biographical details.
  Adverb: biographically – He was biographically inclined.
  Noun: biography
  Agent noun: biographer – The biographer interviewed dozens of people.
• Opposites: fiction, fantasy – His story reads more like fiction than biography.
• 10 Related Words: memoir, autobiography, chronicle, narrative, story, journal, historian, profile, account, recollection
• 10 Semantic Field Words: history, life, writing, literature, nonfiction, publication, person, achievement, detail, legacy
• 10 Collocation Phrases:
  write a biography, famous biography, authorized biography, biography of a leader, political biography, detailed biography, bestselling biography, historical biography, biography writer, biography collection
• Not a verb – No verb forms or phrasal verbs.

Question 13

Bite, Bitch, Bit by bit, Biology, Blow

Answer 13

1. Bite

• Meaning & Usage: (noun & verb)
  As a verb, “bite” means to cut or grip something with the teeth. Common in physical, emotional (e.g. biting criticism), and figurative contexts. As a noun, it refers to the act of biting or a small portion of food.
  Persian: گاز گرفتن، نیش زدن، گزش، لقمه، تکه غذا
• IPA: /baɪt/
  Phonetic for Persian speakers: بایت
• Examples:

1. Be careful, the dog might bite.
2. She took a bite of the apple.
3. The cold wind had a sharp bite.

• Synonyms: nibble, chew, snap, grip, gnaw
• Prepositions:
  • bite into – He bit into the sandwich hungrily.
  • bite at – The fish were biting at the bait.
  • bite off – She bit off a large chunk of bread.
• Word Family:
  • Adjective: biting – He gave a biting remark.
  • Present participle adj: biting – The biting wind made walking hard.
  • Past participle adj: bitten – He was badly bitten by the dog.
  • Adverb: bitingly – She was bitingly sarcastic.
  • Verb: bite – Try not to bite your nails.
  • Noun: bite – I need a bite to eat.
  • Agent noun: biter – The toddler is a known biter.
• Negative/Opposite: resist, ignore
  • Example: He tried to resist the urge to bite.
• Related Words: bitten, biter, biting, chew, gnaw, sting, snap, nip, chomp, fang
• Semantic Field: chew, swallow, taste, mouth, teeth, pain, snap, attack, eat, nibble
• Collocations: biting cold, biting remark, bite your tongue, bite the bullet, take a bite, give a bite, get bitten, badly bitten, bite-sized snack, bite down hard
• Verb Forms: bite – bit – have/has bitten
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • bite off – He bit off more than he could chew.
  • bite into – She bit into the juicy peach.
  • bite back – He had to bite back his anger.

2. Bitch

• Meaning & Usage: (noun & verb; vulgar/informal)
  As a noun, it refers to a female dog or a derogatory term for a woman (slang). It also refers to someone complaining frequently. As a verb, it means to complain.
  Persian: سگ ماده، زن بددهن (توهین‌آمیز)، شکایت کردن، غر زدن
• IPA: /bɪtʃ/
  Phonetic for Persian speakers: بیچ
• Examples:

1. Stop bitching about your job.
2. She acted like a total bitch.
3. That dog is a purebred bitch.

• Synonyms: nag, moan, whine, complain, grumble
• Prepositions:
  • bitch about – He always bitches about his workload.
  • bitch to – She bitched to her friends about her boss.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: bitch – They bitched all day about politics.
  • Present participle adj: bitching – He had a bitching attitude.
  • Noun: bitch – She’s not a bitch, just assertive.
  • Agent noun: bitcher (rare)
• Negative/Opposite: praise, compliment
  • Example: Instead of bitching, try praising their effort.
• Related Words: moan, whine, nag, complain, argue, grumble, whinge, protest, insult, scold
• Semantic Field: anger, insult, whining, frustration, informal speech, rudeness, attitude, argument, emotion, disrespect
• Collocations: bitch about work, stop bitching, total bitch, acting bitchy, constant bitching, bitch to her friends, bitch move, real bitch, bitch session, nasty bitch
• Verb Forms: bitch – bitched – have/has bitched
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • bitch about – He bitched about the bad service.
  • bitch to – She bitched to her coworkers.

3. Bit by bit

• Meaning & Usage: (phrase/adverbial expression)
  Used to describe something happening gradually or in small stages.
  Persian: کم‌کم، ذره‌ذره، مرحله‌به‌مرحله
• IPA: /bɪt baɪ bɪt/
  Phonetic for Persian speakers: بیت بای بیت
• Examples:

1. Bit by bit, he gained her trust.
2. The fog lifted bit by bit.
3. She is improving bit by bit.

• Synonyms: gradually, slowly, little by little, in stages
• Prepositions: (typically used as an adverb, not with prepositions directly)
  • Bit by bit + clause – Bit by bit the truth came out.
• Word Family: (Phrase; no traditional word family but relates to “bit”)
  • Noun: bit – I ate a bit of cake.
  • Adverb: bit by bit – Bit by bit, the room filled with people.
• Negative/Opposite: all at once, suddenly
  • Example: The news was revealed all at once, not bit by bit.
• Related Words: gradually, slightly, part, segment, piece, progress, step, phase, process, delay
• Semantic Field: time, growth, effort, change, learning, healing, progress, patience, improvement, building
• Collocations: improving bit by bit, healing bit by bit, growing bit by bit, cleaning bit by bit, learning bit by bit, remembering bit by bit, fading bit by bit, solving bit by bit, understanding bit by bit, rebuilding bit by bit

4. Biology

• Meaning & Usage: (noun)
  The scientific study of living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. Also used to refer to someone’s physical functions or bodily processes.
  Persian: زیست‌شناسی، علم حیات، کارکردهای زیستی بدن
• IPA: /baɪˈɑː.lə.dʒi/
  Phonetic for Persian speakers: بای‌آلِجی
• Examples:

1. She majored in biology at university.
2. The biology of the cell is fascinating.
3. Human biology is different from plant biology.

• Synonyms: life science, natural science, zoology, botany
• Prepositions:
  • biology of – The biology of insects is complex.
  • degree in biology – He holds a degree in biology.
• Word Family:
  • Adjective: biological – He studied the biological effects.
  • Adverb: biologically – Biologically, women live longer.
  • Noun: biology – Biology is her favorite subject.
  • Agent noun: biologist – The biologist discovered a new species.
• Negative/Opposite: synthetic, artificial
  • Example: The reaction was not biological, but synthetic.
• Related Words: cell, organism, species, gene, evolution, physiology, anatomy, ecology, zoology, botany
• Semantic Field: science, research, nature, medicine, health, genetics, environment, study, organism, species
• Collocations: biology class, study biology, biological system, biology teacher, major in biology, molecular biology, biology exam, biology lab, human biology, biology degree

5. Blow

• Meaning & Usage: (verb & noun)
  As a verb, it means to move air or be moved by air; also to explode or to waste (e.g., blow money). As a noun, it can refer to a hard hit, a setback, or an action of blowing.
  Persian: وزیدن، دمیدن، ترکیدن، ضربه، لطمه، فوت کردن
• IPA: /bloʊ/
  Phonetic for Persian speakers: بلو
• Examples:

1. The wind blew all night.
2. He blew the candles out.
3. Losing his job was a major blow.

• Synonyms: gust, hit, strike, burst, waste, defeat
• Prepositions:
  • blow out – She blew out the candle.
  • blow over – The storm will blow over soon.
  • blow up – The car blew up.
  • blow away – The wind blew away the papers.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: blow – Try not to blow your chance.
  • Past participle: blown – The roof was blown away.
  • Present participle: blowing – The wind is blowing hard.
  • Noun: blow – It was a heavy blow to his ego.
  • Agent noun: blower – Use the leaf blower in the yard.
• Negative/Opposite: suck, hold
  • Example: Instead of blowing air out, he sucked it in.
• Related Words: burst, explode, gust, wind, strike, exhale, fan, draft, impact, puff
• Semantic Field: weather, force, destruction, air, impact, mistake, disappointment, power, breath, failure
• Collocations: blow up, blow out candles, hard blow, fatal blow, blowing wind, take a blow, blow away, major blow, blow the chance, sudden blow
• Verb Forms: blow – blew – have/has blown
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • blow out – He blew out all the candles.
  • blow up – The situation blew up quickly.
  • blow over – The argument will blow over.
  • blow away – The performance blew me away.

Question 14

Break, Blade, Blank, Blanket, Bleed

Answer 14

1. Break

• Meaning & Usage:
  Verb/Noun – To separate into pieces (physically or metaphorically), interrupt continuity, stop functioning, or escape. Used for physical damage, schedules, emotional strain, rules, or opportunities.
  فارسی: شکستن، خراب شدن، متوقف شدن، نقض کردن، استراحت، وقفه، فرار، شکست
• Pronunciation: /breɪk/ — بریْک
• Examples:
  1. She had to break the glass to get the key.
  2. Let’s take a short break.
  3. He broke the law and was arrested.
• Synonyms: shatter, crack, smash, rupture, destroy, interrupt, violate
• Common Prepositions:
  • Break into – Someone tried to break into our house.
  • Break up – They decided to break up after five years.
  • Break down – My car broke down on the way.
• Word Family:
  • Adjective: breakable – This glass is very breakable.
  • Present Participle Adj: breaking – The breaking waves were beautiful.
  • Past Participle Adj: broken – I found a broken mirror.
  • Adverb: (rare) –
  • Verb: break – Try not to break it.
  • Noun: break – We need a lunch break.
  • Subject noun: breakage – There’s a policy against breakage.
  • Agent noun: breaker – He’s a rule-breaker.
  • Object noun: (—)
• Opposites: mend, fix, repair
  Example: I managed to fix what I had broken.
• Related Words: broken, breakable, breakage, breaker, breakthrough, breakdown, breakup, breaking, breakneck, brake
• Semantic Field: snap, crack, fracture, collapse, ruin, violate, smash, split, damage, explode
• Collocations: broken promise, coffee break, break the rules, break a habit, break down barriers, break up a fight, take a break, break one’s heart, break free, breaking point
• Verb Forms: break – broke – have/has broken
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • Break up – They broke up last year.
  • Break into – Someone broke into the office.
  • Break down – The machine broke down again.

2. Blade

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – The flat cutting part of a tool (e.g. knife, sword), or a thin, flat part (e.g. grass blade, fan blade).
  فارسی: تیغه، شمشیر، پره، برگ باریک، برگ چمن
• Pronunciation: /bleɪd/ — بْلِید
• Examples:
  1. The blade of the knife is very sharp.
  2. He cleaned the fan blades.
  3. A blade of grass moved in the wind.
• Synonyms: edge, knife, sword, cutter, propeller, scythe
• Common Prepositions:
  • Blade of – He pulled a blade of grass.
  • On the blade – There’s rust on the blade.
• Word Family:
  • Noun: blade – The blade was made of steel.
  • Adjective: bladed – A double-bladed axe
  • Agent noun: blader (rare) – The blader sharpened tools.
• Opposites: handle (for knives), dull edge
  Example: The handle is dull, but the blade is sharp.
• Related Words: knife, sword, razor, scalpel, edge, axe, cutter, scythe, propeller, leaf
• Semantic Field: weapon, cutting tool, machinery, grass, sharpness, slicing, steel, kitchen tool, gardening, engineering
• Collocations: razor blade, knife blade, fan blade, blade of grass, sword blade, sharp blade, cutting blade, double-bladed, metal blade, blade length

3. Blank

• Meaning & Usage:
  Adjective/Noun – Empty or without content (paper, face, space, mind), showing no expression or filled with nothing.
  فارسی: خالی، بدون نوشته، بی‌احساس، سفید، جای خالی
• Pronunciation: /blæŋk/ — بْلَـنک
• Examples:
  1. Fill in the blank with the correct word.
  2. He gave me a blank look.
  3. The page was completely blank.
• Synonyms: empty, void, vacant, expressionless, clean
• Common Prepositions:
  • Blank look – She gave a blank look.
  • Fill in the blank – Please fill in the blank.
• Word Family:
  • Adjective: blank – It’s a blank page.
  • Present Participle Adj: blanking (rare) – He’s blanking out.
  • Past Participle Adj: blanked – The board was blanked.
  • Verb: blank – She blanked the question.
  • Noun: blank – There’s a blank in the form.
  • Adverb: blankly – He stared blankly at her.
• Opposites: filled, expressive, detailed
  Example: His diary was full, not blank.
• Related Words: blank, blankness, blankly, blanked, unfilled, expressionless, empty, erased, clear, mindless
• Semantic Field: emptiness, void, silence, absence, forgetfulness, vacancy, erasure, space, form, unconsciousness
• Collocations: blank page, blank look, blank stare, fill the blank, draw a blank, blank expression, blank space, blank form, blank mind, completely blank
• Verb Forms: blank – blanked – have/has blanked
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • Blank out – I blanked out during the speech.

4. Blanket

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun/Verb/Adjective – A covering for warmth (literal), something that covers completely (figurative), or a general or broad category.
  فارسی: پتو، پوشش، سراسری، کلی، پوشاندن
• Pronunciation: /ˈblæŋ.kɪt/ — بْلَـنکِت
• Examples:
  1. She wrapped the baby in a soft blanket.
  2. Snow gave a blanket cover to the village.
  3. The new law is a blanket ban.
• Synonyms: cover, quilt, throw, wrap, layer, general, all-encompassing
• Common Prepositions:
  • Under the blanket – He hid under the blanket.
  • Blanket of – A blanket of fog covered the town.
• Word Family:
  • Noun: blanket – He bought a wool blanket.
  • Verb: blanket – Fog blanketed the area.
  • Adjective: blanket – A blanket rule was enforced.
  • Past Participle Adj: blanketed – The town was blanketed in snow.
• Opposites: reveal, expose, partial
  Example: The sun revealed what the fog had blanketed.
• Related Words: cover, sheet, cloak, layer, fog, wrap, throw, comforter, insulation, shielding
• Semantic Field: warmth, coverage, concealment, generalization, atmosphere, sleep, insulation, rules, laws, fog
• Collocations: wool blanket, electric blanket, blanket coverage, blanket of snow, blanket rule, blanket ban, thick blanket, soft blanket, blanket term, blanket statement
• Verb Forms: blanket – blanketed – have/has blanketed

5. Bleed

• Meaning & Usage:
  Verb – To lose blood from the body, or figuratively suffer or lose something (emotionally, financially).
  فارسی: خونریزی کردن، آسیب دیدن، از دست دادن، فدا کردن
• Pronunciation: /bliːd/ — بْلید
• Examples:
  1. He began to bleed after the fall.
  2. My heart bleeds for the victims.
  3. The company is bleeding money.
• Synonyms: hemorrhage, lose blood, ooze, drain, suffer
• Common Prepositions:
  • Bleed from – He was bleeding from the arm.
  • Bleed out – The victim bled out quickly.
  • Bleed for – I bleed for those who lost everything.
• Word Family:
  • Verb: bleed – He started to bleed.
  • Noun: bleeding – Internal bleeding is dangerous.
  • Adjective: bleeding – The bleeding man needed help.
  • Past Participle Adj: bled – A bled patient was transferred.
  • Adverb: bleedingly (rare)
• Opposites: clot, heal, recover
  Example: The wound stopped bleeding and began to heal.
• Related Words: blood, bleeding, bled, hemorrhage, gush, injury, wound, loss, vein, clot
• Semantic Field: injury, trauma, suffering, pain, compassion, donation, financial loss, damage, hospital, fatality
• Collocations: internal bleeding, stop the bleeding, bleed profusely, bleed heavily, bleeding heart, nosebleed, bleed out, emotionally bleeding, bleeding wound, make someone bleed
• Verb Forms: bleed – bled – have/has bled
• Phrasal Verbs:
  • Bleed out – The soldier bled out on the battlefield.
  • Bleed for – She bleeds for all those in pain.

Question 15

Bless, Bliss, Blizzard, Blob, Brag

Answer 15

1. Bless

• Meaning & Usage: (verb)
  To bestow divine favor or protection, to ask God to look favorably upon someone; to make holy; to express good wishes; or to endow someone/something with something desirable. Common in religious, informal, or polite contexts.
  Persian: برکت دادن، دعای خیر کردن، مقدس دانستن، خوشبخت ساختن، آمرزیدن
• Pronunciation: /blɛs/
  Phonetic: بلس
• Example Sentences:

1. May God bless you with happiness and health.
2. She blessed the food before eating.
3. He was blessed with a wonderful voice.

• Synonyms: consecrate, sanctify, endow, glorify, praise
• Common Prepositions:
  with – He was blessed with incredible talent.
  by – She felt blessed by his kindness.
  for – I bless you for your support.
• Word Family:
  Adjective: blessed – She’s a truly blessed child.
  Past participle adj.: blessed – He felt blessed to have her.
  Adverb: blessedly – The room was blessedly quiet.
  Verb: bless
  Noun: blessing – That job offer was a real blessing.
  Agent noun: blesser (rare)
• Opposites: curse – The land was cursed after the battle.
• Related Words: blessing, blessed, blessedly, benediction, divine, grace, prayer, sanctify, sacred, thankful
• Semantic Field: praise, worship, faith, god, prayer, holy, grace, church, peace, salvation
• Collocations:
  blessed life, count your blessings, blessed child, blessedly quiet, a real blessing, God bless you, blessing in disguise, be blessed with, send blessings, receive blessings
• Verb Forms: bless – blessed – have/has blessed
• Phrasal Verbs:
  bless with – She was blessed with a brilliant mind.
  bless for – They blessed him for his service.

2. Bliss

• Meaning & Usage: (noun)
  Perfect happiness, often a state of spiritual joy or contentment. Used in emotional, spiritual, romantic, or peaceful contexts.
  Persian: سعادت، خوشبختی کامل، لذت کامل، شادی وصف‌ناپذیر، سرور
• Pronunciation: /blɪs/
  Phonetic: بلیس
• Example Sentences:

1. Lying on the beach was pure bliss.
2. They lived in marital bliss for many years.
3. Ignorance is bliss.

• Synonyms: joy, happiness, ecstasy, euphoria, delight
• Common Prepositions:
  of – The bliss of solitude was refreshing.
  in – She found bliss in meditation.
  with – He was in bliss with his family around.
• Word Family:
  Adjective: blissful – They shared a blissful moment.
  Present participle adj.: blissful – Blissful silence surrounded us.
  Adverb: blissfully – She was blissfully unaware of the drama.
  Noun: bliss
  Object noun: bliss (itself)
• Opposites: misery – The loss turned his joy into misery.
• Related Words: blissful, blissfully, euphoria, ecstasy, delight, joy, serenity, contentment, happiness, peace
• Semantic Field: joy, happiness, heaven, peace, satisfaction, romance, marriage, love, serenity, spiritual
• Collocations:
  blissful life, blissful ignorance, marital bliss, pure bliss, feel bliss, blissfully unaware, blissful peace, a moment of bliss, live in bliss, emotional bliss

3. Blizzard

• Meaning & Usage: (noun)
  A severe snowstorm with strong winds and low visibility; also used metaphorically to mean a sudden overwhelming amount of things.
  Persian: کولاک، طوفان برفی، هجوم (شدید و ناگهانی)
• Pronunciation: /ˈblɪz.ərd/
  Phonetic: بلیزِرد
• Example Sentences:

1. We got stuck in a blizzard last night.
2. A blizzard of paperwork hit my desk.
3. The blizzard knocked out power lines.

• Synonyms: snowstorm, storm, squall, whiteout, flurry
• Common Prepositions:
  in – They were caught in a blizzard.
  during – The roads were closed during the blizzard.
  of – A blizzard of complaints hit the office.
• Word Family:
  Noun: blizzard – A blizzard swept through the town.
  Adjective: blizzard-like – The wind had a blizzard-like quality.
  Adverb/Verb/Agent/Subject nouns: Not commonly used
• Opposites: clear skies – After the blizzard came clear skies.
• Related Words: snowstorm, flurry, whiteout, freeze, sleet, hailstorm, snowfall, frost, ice, cold
• Semantic Field: snow, cold, winter, storm, ice, wind, weather, climate, emergency, frostbite
• Collocations:
  severe blizzard, winter blizzard, caught in a blizzard, heavy blizzard, blizzard conditions, blizzard warning, deadly blizzard, powerful blizzard, massive blizzard, snow blizzard

4. Blob

• Meaning & Usage: (noun)
  A small, often shapeless or roundish mass; can refer to liquid or thick matter, or something indistinct in shape.
  Persian: لکه، توده، جرم نامشخص، قطره، شیء مبهم
• Pronunciation: /blɑːb/
  Phonetic: بلا‌ب
• Example Sentences:

1. A blob of paint landed on the carpet.
2. I saw a blob moving in the distance.
3. He dropped a blob of ketchup on his shirt.

• Synonyms: drop, glob, spot, smudge, lump
• Common Prepositions:
  of – A blob of ink ruined the paper.
  on – There was a blob on the screen.
• Word Family:
  Noun: blob
  Verb (rare, informal): to blob – He blobbed paint all over the wall.
  Adjective: blobby – The sauce formed blobby shapes.
• Opposites: shape, clarity – The blob turned into a clear figure.
• Related Words: blobby, lump, glob, spot, splatter, smudge, smear, chunk, mass, goo
• Semantic Field: shape, mess, liquid, visual, undefined, stain, texture, matter, dirt, color
• Collocations:
  a blob of paint, a small blob, blobby shape, a blob on the screen, ink blob, blob of cream, red blob, drop into a blob, melt into a blob, shapeless blob

5. Brag

• Meaning & Usage: (verb)
  To talk proudly about achievements, possessions, or abilities, often excessively or annoyingly.
  Persian: لاف زدن، فخر فروشی کردن، به رخ کشیدن
• Pronunciation: /bræɡ/
  Phonetic: برگ
• Example Sentences:

1. He always brags about his salary.
2. She bragged that she won the contest.
3. Stop bragging and show some humility.

• Synonyms: boast, show off, gloat, flaunt, crow
• Common Prepositions:
  about – She bragged about her new car.
  that – He bragged that he finished first.
  on (informal) – He bragged on his son’s skills.
• Word Family:
  Verb: brag
  Noun: brag – His constant brag is annoying.
  Present participle adj.: bragging – His bragging tone was irritating.
  Agent noun: bragger – She’s a chronic bragger.
  Adverb: braggingly – He spoke braggingly of his victory.
• Opposites: humble, modest – She was modest about her achievements.
• Related Words: bragging, bragger, braggingly, boast, boastful, flaunt, pride, arrogance, self-praise, cocky
• Semantic Field: pride, arrogance, ego, self-esteem, talk, personality, achievement, showing off, narcissism, comparison
• Collocations:
  brag about success, bragging rights, stop bragging, bragging tone, braggingly proud, brag all the time, brag to others, brag on someone, humble not bragging, bragging attitude
• Verb Forms: brag – bragged – have/has bragged
• Phrasal Verbs:
  brag about – He bragged about his promotion.
  brag on – She bragged on her team’s performance.

Question 16

Blockbuster, Body odor, Blunder, Board, Brave

Answer 16

1. Blockbuster

Meaning & Usage:
Noun – Refers to a highly successful and popular product, especially a movie, book, or drug. Common in business, cinema, and marketing contexts.
Persian Translations: پرفروش، موفق، پربیننده، بمب فروش، اثر جنجالی، فیلم یا کتاب پرفروش

Pronunciation: /ˈblɒkˌbʌstər/
Phonetic: بلاک‌باس‌تر

Examples:

1. The movie became a summer blockbuster.
2. That author is known for writing blockbuster novels.
3. The company released a new blockbuster drug.

Synonyms: hit, smash, sensation, success, best-seller, chart-topper

Common Prepositions:

• blockbuster at the box office – The film was a blockbuster at the box office.
• blockbuster in – It was a blockbuster in international markets.

Word Family:

• Adjective: blockbuster (used attributively, e.g., blockbuster movie)
• Noun: blockbuster
• Object Noun: blockbuster

Negative/Opposite Form: flop – The film was a complete flop at the box office.

Related Words: bestseller, megahit, success, sensation, hit, chartbuster, phenomenon, record-breaker, superhit, triumph
Semantic Field: movie, bestseller, drug, entertainment, marketing, cinema, launch, profit, premiere, franchise
Collocations: blockbuster movie, blockbuster hit, blockbuster novel, blockbuster release, summer blockbuster, major blockbuster, new blockbuster, international blockbuster, big-budget blockbuster, Hollywood blockbuster

2. Body Odor

Meaning & Usage:
Noun – The smell caused by bacteria breaking down sweat on the body; often considered unpleasant. Common in hygiene and health contexts.
Persian Translations: بوی بدن، بوی عرق، بوی نامطبوع بدن

Pronunciation: /ˈbɒdi ˌəʊdər/
Phonetic: بادی اُدِر

Examples:

1. Deodorants are used to control body odor.
2. He was embarrassed by his body odor.
3. Good hygiene can prevent body odor.

Synonyms: smell, stink, sweat odor, bad odor, BO

Common Prepositions:

• body odor from – The body odor from his workout was strong.
• body odor due to – Body odor due to excessive sweating is common.

Word Family:

• Noun: odor
• Adjective: odorous (rare)
• Adverb: odorously (rare)

Negative/Opposite Form: fragrance, pleasant scent – The soap left a pleasant fragrance on the skin.

Related Words: deodorant, perspiration, sweat, armpit, hygiene, odor, bacteria, fragrance, freshness, cleansing
Semantic Field: hygiene, smell, deodorant, sweat, bacteria, armpit, cleanliness, grooming, body care, freshness
Collocations: strong body odor, unpleasant body odor, prevent body odor, reduce body odor, control body odor, body odor issues, cause body odor, eliminate body odor, excessive body odor, mask body odor

3. Blunder

Meaning & Usage:
Noun / Verb – A careless or serious mistake, especially one that is embarrassing. Used in political, personal, or professional contexts.
Persian Translations: اشتباه فاحش، سهو، لغزش، اشتباه احمقانه

Pronunciation: /ˈblʌndər/
Phonetic: بْلاندر

Examples:

1. He made a blunder during the presentation.
2. The general’s tactical blunder cost them the battle.
3. She blundered through the interview.

Synonyms: mistake, error, slip, oversight, misstep, gaffe, faux pas

Common Prepositions:

• blunder in – He made a blunder in judgment.
• blunder during – A blunder during the speech embarrassed her.

Word Family:

• Verb: blunder
• Present Participle Adjective: blundering – a blundering assistant
• Past Participle Adjective: blundered (rarely used)
• Noun: blunder
• Agent Noun: blunderer – He’s such a blunderer in meetings.

Negative/Opposite Form: precision, accuracy – She handled it with precision, avoiding any blunders.

Related Words: mistake, error, misstep, oversight, accident, slip-up, incompetence, fault, lapse, gaffe
Semantic Field: error, failure, mishap, mistake, carelessness, incompetence, oversight, decision, clumsiness, misjudgment
Collocations: serious blunder, major blunder, costly blunder, make a blunder, commit a blunder, avoid blunders, political blunder, strategic blunder, embarrassing blunder, huge blunder

Verb Forms:

• Present: blunder
• Past: blundered
• Present Perfect: have/has blundered

Phrasal Verbs:

• blunder into – He blundered into the wrong room.
• blunder through – She blundered through her speech nervously.

4. Board

Meaning & Usage:
Noun / Verb –
As a noun: flat surface (e.g., whiteboard), a group of people in charge (e.g., board of directors), or lodging and meals (e.g., room and board).
As a verb: to get onto a vehicle (plane, bus, train), or to live and eat somewhere regularly.
Persian Translations: تخته، هیئت مدیره، سوار شدن، پانسیون گرفتن، غذا و محل اقامت

Pronunciation: /bɔːrd/
Phonetic: بورد

Examples:

1. The board decided to hire a new manager.
2. Please board the train immediately.
3. She pays for room and board monthly.

Synonyms: panel, committee, plank, council, embark, lodge

Common Prepositions:

• board of – The board of directors met yesterday.
• board on – We boarded on the ship at 8 a.m.

Word Family:

• Verb: board
• Noun: board
• Agent Noun: boarder – The school takes in boarders.

Negative/Opposite Form: disembark – Passengers disembarked after the cruise ended.

Related Words: plank, committee, embark, lodging, panel, ship, management, meal, lodging, housing
Semantic Field: travel, organization, transportation, management, committee, school, governance, lodging, meal, decision-making
Collocations: board of directors, board meeting, board game, board the plane, white board, board member, school board, get on board, room and board, board approval

Verb Forms:

• Present: board
• Past: boarded
• Present Perfect: have/has boarded

Phrasal Verbs:

• board up – They boarded up the windows before the storm.
• board out – She boarded her dog out during the vacation.

5. Brave

Meaning & Usage:
Adjective / Verb –
As an adjective: showing courage, not afraid of danger or pain.
As a verb: to face something dangerous or unpleasant.
Persian Translations: شجاع، دلیر، نترس / روبه‌رو شدن، شجاعانه مقابله کردن

Pronunciation: /breɪv/
Phonetic: بریو

Examples:

1. The brave soldier saved many lives.
2. She bravely faced her illness.
3. He braved the storm to get help.

Synonyms: courageous, bold, fearless, valiant, heroic, daring

Common Prepositions:

• brave in – She was brave in the face of adversity.
• brave against – He was brave against all odds.

Word Family:

• Verb: brave
• Noun: bravery – Her bravery inspired everyone.
• Adjective: brave
• Adverb: bravely – They bravely entered the battlefield.
• Agent Noun: braver – The braver among them stepped forward.

Negative/Opposite Form: cowardly – His cowardly retreat shocked his comrades.

Related Words: courage, valor, fearless, heroism, bold, strength, guts, fearless, gallant, heroic
Semantic Field: courage, war, risk, strength, fearlessness, resilience, danger, challenge, confidence, hero
Collocations: brave man, brave act, brave soldier, brave face, brave enough, be brave, brave decision, brave girl, brave child, act bravely

Verb Forms:

• Present: brave
• Past: braved
• Present Perfect: have/has braved

Phrasal Verbs:

• brave out – She braved out the storm with confidence.

Question 17

Bond, Bonus, Bookshelf, Boost, Boredom

Answer 17

1. Bond

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – A strong connection or relationship between people, groups, or things; a financial security certificate; a legal obligation.
  Verb – To form a close relationship or connection. Used in personal, financial, or legal contexts.
  Persian:
  (رابطه قوی) پیوند، ارتباط، علقه، تعلق؛
  (مالی) اوراق قرضه، سند؛
  (حقوقی) تعهد، وثیقه؛
  (فعل) پیوند خوردن، وصل شدن، متحد شدن
• Pronunciation: /bɒnd/ (UK), /bɑːnd/ (US)
  Phonetic: باند
• Example Sentences:

1. They formed a strong bond after years of friendship.
2. The company issued bonds to raise capital.
3. The puppy quickly bonded with its new owner.

• Synonyms: connection, tie, link, relationship, obligation
• Common Prepositions:
  between – There is a strong bond between them.
  with – She bonded with her teammates.
  of – A bond of trust was formed.
• Word Family:
  Noun: bond – The bond between siblings is special.
  Verb: bond – We bonded over shared interests.
  Adjective: bonded – They are bonded workers.
  Agent noun: bonder (rare)
• Opposites: separation – The bond was broken by distance.
• Related Words: bonding, bonded, connection, tie, attachment, link, relationship, pledge, commitment, guarantee
• Semantic Field: relationship, trust, finance, legal, connection, attachment, unity, agreement, friendship, security
• Collocations:
  strong bond, bond of friendship, bond with, bond between, corporate bond, bond issue, bond market, bond trader, bond certificate, bonded warehouse
• Verb Forms: bond – bonded – have/has bonded
• Phrasal Verbs:
  bond with – She bonded with her classmates quickly.

2. Bonus

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – An extra payment or reward given beyond what is usual or expected, often in work or promotional contexts.
  Adjective – Additional or extra.
  Persian: جایزه نقدی اضافی، پاداش، هدیه، اضافه، فوق‌العاده
• Pronunciation: /ˈboʊ.nəs/
  Phonetic: بونَس
• Example Sentences:

1. Employees received a year-end bonus.
2. The credit card offers a bonus for new customers.
3. We got a bonus day off work.

• Synonyms: reward, perk, extra, premium, gratuity
• Common Prepositions:
  for – He got a bonus for his hard work.
  on – They offered a bonus on purchases over $100.
  as – She received it as a bonus.
• Word Family:
  Noun: bonus – The bonus was a pleasant surprise.
  Adjective: bonus – They got a bonus payment.
  Adverb: bonus (rare, informal)
  Verb: (rare, informal) bonus – They bonused the employees.
• Opposites: penalty, deduction – No bonus, just a penalty for lateness.
• Related Words: incentive, reward, perk, gratuity, gift, premium, commission, dividend, benefit, allowance
• Semantic Field: payment, reward, work, finance, gift, benefit, incentive, compensation, promotion, prize
• Collocations:
  year-end bonus, cash bonus, bonus payment, sign-on bonus, bonus offer, bonus points, bonus feature, bonus content, bonus track, bonus day
• Verb Forms (rare): bonus – bonused – have/has bonused
• Phrasal Verbs: None common

3. Bookshelf

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – A piece of furniture or fixture with horizontal shelves to hold books. Common in homes, offices, libraries.
  Persian: قفسه کتاب، کتابخانه (کوچک)
• Pronunciation: /ˈbʊk.ʃelf/
  Phonetic: بوک‌شِلف
• Example Sentences:

1. She organized the novels on the bookshelf.
2. The bookshelf was made of oak wood.
3. There were many old books on the bookshelf.

• Synonyms: bookcase, shelf, rack, library shelf, bookrack
• Common Prepositions:
  on – The book is on the bookshelf.
  in – The books are in the bookshelf.
  above – A lamp was placed above the bookshelf.
• Word Family:
  Noun: bookshelf – The bookshelf holds many classics.
  No common verb or adjective forms.
• Opposites: floor, table (for storing books)
• Related Words: bookcase, shelf, rack, cabinet, library, reading, storage, literature, bookend, tome
• Semantic Field: furniture, books, reading, storage, library, home, office, organization, shelves, literature
• Collocations:
  wooden bookshelf, large bookshelf, bookshelf unit, bookshelf space, bookshelf design, empty bookshelf, bookshelf organizer, wall bookshelf, built-in bookshelf, small bookshelf
• No verb forms or phrasal verbs.

4. Boost

• Meaning & Usage:
  Verb – To increase or improve something, especially energy, confidence, sales, or signal strength.
  Noun – An increase or improvement. Used in technology, business, sports, and informal speech.
  Persian: افزایش دادن، تقویت کردن، ارتقا دادن، بالا بردن؛
  (اسم) افزایش، تقویت، ارتقاء
• Pronunciation: /buːst/
  Phonetic: بوست
• Example Sentences:

1. The new advertisement helped boost sales.
2. She took vitamins to boost her energy.
3. The speaker gave a boost to the team’s morale.

• Synonyms: increase, raise, enhance, improve, amplify
• Common Prepositions:
  in – They boosted confidence in the team.
  to – Boost sales to new levels.
  for – A boost for your immune system.
• Word Family:
  Verb: boost – They boosted the signal.
  Noun: boost – The boost in profits was significant.
  Adjective: boosting (rare) – A boosting effect.
  Present participle adj.: boosting – Boosting energy levels.
• Opposites: reduce, decrease, lower – They reduced costs instead of boosting them.
• Related Words: increase, raise, enhancement, improvement, uplift, growth, encouragement, amplification, promotion, stimulation
• Semantic Field: increase, improvement, energy, promotion, growth, motivation, support, marketing, signal, performance
• Collocations:
  boost sales, boost confidence, boost performance, boost energy, boost morale, boost productivity, boost signal, boost profits, boost immune system, boost growth
• Verb Forms: boost – boosted – have/has boosted
• Phrasal Verbs:
  boost up (informal) – They boosted up the volume.

5. Boredom

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – The state of feeling uninterested, tired, or restless due to lack of excitement or stimulation. Common in everyday, social, or psychological contexts.
  Persian: کسالت، بی‌حوصلگی، ملال، خستگی از بی‌علاقگی
• Pronunciation: /ˈbɔːr.dəm/
  Phonetic: بُردَم
• Example Sentences:

1. He felt boredom during the long meeting.
2. Boredom can lead to bad habits.
3. She tried to overcome boredom by reading.

• Synonyms: tedium, monotony, dullness, ennui, restlessness
• Common Prepositions:
  from – Boredom from inactivity is common.
  with – She was bored with the lecture.
  of – The boredom of waiting was unbearable.
• Word Family:
  Noun: boredom – Boredom struck during the delay.
  Adjective: boring – It was a boring movie.
  Present participle adj.: boring – A boring task.
  Verb: bore – The lecture bored everyone.
  Adverb: boringly – He spoke boringly.
  Agent noun: bor(e)r – He’s a bor(e)r at parties. (rare)
• Opposites: excitement, interest, enthusiasm – She felt excitement instead of boredom.
• Related Words: dullness, monotony, fatigue, restlessness, ennui, tedium, weariness, apathy, disinterest, inactivity
• Semantic Field: emotion, feeling, mental state, disinterest, inactivity, psychology, mood, dullness, lethargy, impatience
• Collocations:
  feel boredom, fight boredom, boredom strikes, boredom kills, boredom relief, boredom with, boredom from, boredom at work, boredom sets in, boredom level
• Verb Forms (of bore): bore – bored – have/has bored
• Phrasal Verbs:
  bore into (to look intensely) – She bore into him with her eyes.
  bore with – He bored us with his long stories.

Question 18

Bother, Bottleneck, Bounce, Bound, Boundary

Answer 18

1. Bother

• Meaning & Usage:
  Verb – To cause inconvenience, trouble, or annoyance to someone; to take the trouble to do something (often in negative or interrogative sentences).
  Noun – Trouble or annoyance.
  Common in informal and formal contexts.
  Persian: اذیت کردن، ناراحت کردن، زحمت دادن؛
  (اسم) زحمت، دردسر، ناراحتی
• Pronunciation: /ˈbɒð.ər/ (UK), /ˈbɑː.ðɚ/ (US)
  Phonetic: باذر
• Example Sentences:

1. Don’t bother me while I’m working.
2. It’s not worth the bother.
3. She didn’t bother to call back.

• Synonyms: annoy, disturb, trouble, inconvenience, irritate
• Common Prepositions:
  with – He was bothered with the noise.
  about – Don’t bother about the details.
  to – She didn’t bother to reply.
• Word Family:
  Verb: bother – Please don’t bother me.
  Noun: bother – It’s too much bother.
  Adjective: bothersome – A bothersome issue.
  Adverb: botheringly (rare)
  Agent noun: botherer (rare)
• Opposites: soothe, comfort, help – The music soothed her, not bothered her.
• Related Words: annoy, disturb, inconvenience, trouble, irritation, hassle, problem, nuisance, upset, worry
• Semantic Field: emotion, disturbance, trouble, annoyance, inconvenience, effort, botheration, care, attention, irritation
• Collocations:
  don’t bother, bother to, bother about, bother with, bother someone, bother doing, no bother, bother free, bothersome problem, bothered expression
• Verb Forms: bother – bothered – have/has bothered
• Phrasal Verbs:
  None common

2. Bottleneck

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – A point of congestion or blockage that slows down a process or system, often in traffic, production, or workflow.
  Persian: گلوگاه، تنگنا، نقطه‌ی محدودکننده، مانع
• Pronunciation: /ˈbɒt.lˌnek/ (UK), /ˈbɑːt.lˌnek/ (US)
  Phonetic: بات‌نِک
• Example Sentences:

1. The narrow bridge creates a bottleneck during rush hour.
2. Production slowed down because of a bottleneck in the assembly line.
3. We need to identify the bottleneck to improve efficiency.

• Synonyms: blockage, congestion, choke point, obstacle, hindrance
• Common Prepositions:
  in – A bottleneck in the process caused delays.
  at – The bottleneck at the entrance caused traffic.
  of – A bottleneck of resources limited progress.
• Word Family:
  Noun: bottleneck – The bottleneck was the slow computer system.
  Adjective: bottlenecked (rare) – A bottlenecked process.
• Opposites: flow, clearance, throughput – Improving flow reduces bottlenecks.
• Related Words: congestion, delay, blockage, choke point, restriction, limitation, slowdown, obstacle, jam, queue
• Semantic Field: traffic, production, systems, obstacles, flow, delay, restriction, process, efficiency, blockage
• Collocations:
  traffic bottleneck, production bottleneck, bottleneck effect, bottleneck in, bottleneck at, bottleneck problem, bottleneck area, bottleneck situation, bottleneck point, bottleneck issue
• No verb forms or phrasal verbs.

3. Bounce

• Meaning & Usage:
  Verb – To spring back after hitting a surface; to rebound; to move energetically. Used in sports, physics, and informal contexts.
  Noun – The act or instance of bouncing; rebound.
  Persian:
  (فعل) جهیدن، بازگشتن، پرش کردن؛
  (اسم) جهش، پرش، بازگشت
• Pronunciation: /baʊns/
  Phonetic: بَونس
• Example Sentences:

1. The ball bounced off the wall.
2. He bounced back after a difficult year.
3. The check bounced due to insufficient funds.

• Synonyms: rebound, spring, ricochet, leap, jump
• Common Prepositions:
  off – The ball bounced off the floor.
  back – He bounced back quickly.
  on – The ball bounced on the table.
• Word Family:
  Verb: bounce – The ball bounced high.
  Noun: bounce – The bounce was unexpected.
  Adjective: bouncing – A bouncing baby.
  Present participle adj.: bouncing
  Agent noun: bouncer – The club’s bouncer is at the door.
• Opposites: drop, fall, sink – The ball didn’t bounce; it fell flat.
• Related Words: rebound, spring, leap, jump, ricochet, hop, skip, throw, catch, move
• Semantic Field: movement, physics, sports, elasticity, energy, motion, recovery, action, dynamics, activity
• Collocations:
  bounce back, bounce off, bounce check, bounce rate, bounce ball, bouncing ball, bounce house, bounce idea, bounce email, bounce light
• Verb Forms: bounce – bounced – have/has bounced
• Phrasal Verbs:
  bounce back – She bounced back after illness.
  bounce off – The ball bounced off the wall.

4. Bound

• Meaning & Usage:
  Adjective – Certain or destined to happen; tied or confined.
  Noun – A limit or boundary; a leap or jump.
  Verb – To leap or jump; to tie or restrict; to move quickly.
  Persian:
  (صفت) مجبور، مقید، حتماً، قطعاً؛
  (اسم) مرز، حد، جهش، پرش؛
  (فعل) جهیدن، بستن، محدود کردن
• Pronunciation: /baʊnd/
  Phonetic: باند
• Example Sentences:

1. She is bound to succeed if she tries.
2. The horse made a great bound over the fence.
3. He was bound by contract.

• Synonyms:
  Adjective: certain, destined, obligated
  Noun: leap, limit, border
  Verb: leap, jump, tie
• Common Prepositions:
  to – Bound to fail/succeed.
  by – Bound by rules.
  within – Bound within limits.
• Word Family:
  Verb: bound – He bounded across the field.
  Noun: bound – The bounds of the property.
  Adjective: bound – We are bound by law.
• Opposites: free, unbound, uncertain, unlimited – He felt free, not bound.
• Related Words: limit, boundary, leap, jump, restrict, confine, obligation, contract, destined, tied
• Semantic Field: limits, movement, obligation, certainty, confinement, law, motion, borders, jumps, restriction
• Collocations:
  bound to happen, bound by law, bound for, bounds of, leap and bound, bound up, bound together, boundless energy, bound and determined, bound feet
• Verb Forms: bound – bounded – have/has bounded
• Phrasal Verbs:
  bound for – The train is bound for London.
  bound up with – His fate is bound up with hers.

5. Boundary

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – A line or limit that marks the edge or extent of something, especially land, territories, or abstract limits.
  Persian: مرز، حد، خط مرزی، محدوده
• Pronunciation: /ˈbaʊn.dər.i/
  Phonetic: بَوندِری
• Example Sentences:

1. The fence marks the boundary between the two properties.
2. They crossed the political boundary illegally.
3. Setting boundaries is important in relationships.

• Synonyms: border, limit, edge, frontier, perimeter
• Common Prepositions:
  between – The boundary between countries.
  of – The boundary of the property.
  at – The boundary at the river.
• Word Family:
  Noun: boundary – The boundary was clearly marked.
  Adjective: boundary-less (rare)
  No verb or adverb forms.
• Opposites: center, core, inside, interior – They stayed inside the boundary.
• Related Words: border, limit, frontier, edge, perimeter, margin, territory, line, division, fence
• Semantic Field: geography, limits, territory, separation, land, borders, ownership, division, area, restriction
• Collocations:
  political boundary, boundary line, property boundary, boundary dispute, boundary between, boundary fence, boundary marker, boundary wall, boundary setting, boundary issue
• No verb forms or phrasal verbs.

Question 19

Bouquet, Bow and Arrow, Bowel, Bowl, Brake

Answer 19

1. Bouquet

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – A bunch of flowers arranged attractively, often given as a gift or decoration. Also used metaphorically in wine tasting to describe the aroma or scent.
  Persian: دسته گل، گل‌آرایی، عطر، بوی خوش
• Pronunciation: /buːˈkeɪ/
  Phonetic: بوکِی
• Example Sentences:

1. She received a beautiful bouquet of roses.
2. The bouquet was placed on the table as a centerpiece.
3. The wine’s bouquet was rich and fruity.

• Synonyms: bunch, posy, nosegay, arrangement, cluster
• Common Prepositions:
  of – A bouquet of flowers.
  for – A bouquet for the bride.
  with – A bouquet with lilies and roses.
• Word Family:
  Noun: bouquet – He gave her a bouquet.
  Adjective: bouqueted (rare, used in wine context) – A bouqueted aroma.
• Opposites: none direct; sometimes “wilted flowers” or “no scent” (for bouquet in perfume sense)
• Related Words: flower, rose, arrangement, fragrance, aroma, gift, decoration, posy, stem, bloom
• Semantic Field: flowers, gifts, decoration, scent, aroma, celebration, nature, gardening, event, beauty
• Collocations:
  flower bouquet, bridal bouquet, bouquet of flowers, bouquet for, fresh bouquet, bouquet arrangement, bouquet presentation, bouquet holder, bouquet delivery, bouquet design

2. Bow and Arrow

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun phrase – A traditional weapon system consisting of a curved flexible bow and a straight arrow, used for shooting arrows.
  Persian: کمان و تیر
• Pronunciation:
  Bow: /baʊ/
  Arrow: /ˈær.oʊ/
  Phonetic: باو اِرو
• Example Sentences:

1. He practiced with his bow and arrow every morning.
2. The hunter aimed his bow and arrow carefully.
3. Ancient warriors used bow and arrow in battles.

• Synonyms: archery equipment, longbow and arrow (specific types)
• Common Prepositions:
  with – Shoot with a bow and arrow.
  using – Hunting using a bow and arrow.
  from – Shoot from a bow and arrow.
• Word Family:
  Noun: bow – He pulled back the bow.
  Noun: arrow – The arrow hit the target.
• Opposites: gun, firearm, rifle
• Related Words: archery, target, quiver, shaft, string, aim, shoot, hunter, projectile, marksmanship
• Semantic Field: weapons, hunting, sport, projectile, combat, archery, medieval, weaponry, skill, target practice
• Collocations:
  bow and arrow, shoot an arrow, draw a bow, archery bow, arrow flight, bow string, arrow tip, target practice, hunting with bow, bow and arrow set

3. Bowel

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – Part of the intestines; digestive tract organs. Used mainly in medical or biological contexts.
  Persian: روده، روده‌ها، روده بزرگ، روده کوچک
• Pronunciation: /ˈbaʊ.əl/ or /ˈbaʊ.əlz/ (plural)
  Phonetic: باول
• Example Sentences:

1. The doctor examined his bowels for any signs of illness.
2. Bowel movements are an important indicator of health.
3. She suffers from bowel inflammation.

• Synonyms: intestine, gut, colon (specific parts), digestive tract
• Common Prepositions:
  of – The bowels of the body.
  in – Pain in the bowels.
  through – Food passes through the bowels.
• Word Family:
  Noun: bowel – The bowel is inflamed.
  Adjective: bowel-related (medical term)
• Opposites: none direct; could be “stomach” or “esophagus” (other parts of digestive system)
• Related Words: intestine, colon, gut, rectum, digestion, stomach, abdominal, feces, diarrhea, constipation
• Semantic Field: anatomy, digestion, medicine, health, organs, gastrointestinal, biology, body, illness, disease
• Collocations:
  bowel movement, bowel cancer, bowel disease, bowel inflammation, bowel obstruction, bowel surgery, large bowel, small bowel, bowel pain, bowel sounds

4. Bowl

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – A round, deep dish or container used for holding food or liquid. Also used in sports (e.g., bowling).
  Verb – To roll a ball in bowling or cricket.
  Persian:
  (اسم) کاسه، ظرف، پیاله؛
  (فعل) توپ انداختن (در بازی)
• Pronunciation: /boʊl/
  Phonetic: بول
• Example Sentences:

1. She poured soup into the bowl.
2. They watched the football bowl game on TV.
3. He bowled a perfect strike.

• Synonyms: dish, basin, container, vessel (noun); roll, throw (verb)
• Common Prepositions:
  in – Soup in a bowl.
  at – He bowled at the pins.
  for – A bowl for salad.
• Word Family:
  Noun: bowl – The bowl was full.
  Verb: bowl – He bowls every weekend.
  Adjective: bowling (used as adj.) – A bowling ball.
  Agent noun: bowler – The bowler delivered the ball.
• Opposites: plate, flat dish
• Related Words: plate, cup, dish, container, pitcher, basin, utensil, ball, pins, strike
• Semantic Field: kitchenware, sports, dining, containers, utensils, games, rolling, food, serving, competition
• Collocations:
  mixing bowl, salad bowl, fruit bowl, bowl game, bowling ball, bowling alley, bowl of soup, cereal bowl, bowl over, bowl strike
• Verb Forms: bowl – bowled – have/has bowled
• Phrasal Verbs:
  None common

5. Brake

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – A device for slowing or stopping a vehicle or machine.
  Verb – To slow down or stop by using brakes.
  Persian:
  (اسم) ترمز؛
  (فعل) ترمز گرفتن، کند کردن حرکت
• Pronunciation: /breɪk/
  Phonetic: برییک
• Example Sentences:

1. The car’s brakes failed on the highway.
2. He braked suddenly to avoid hitting the dog.
3. Always check your brakes before driving.

• Synonyms: stop, slow down, halt, decelerate, retard
• Common Prepositions:
  on – Put on the brakes.
  off – Take off the brakes.
  with – Stop with the brakes.
• Word Family:
  Noun: brake – The brakes are worn out.
  Verb: brake – She braked sharply.
  Adjective: braking (present participle adjective) – Braking distance.
  Agent noun: brakeman (railroad worker who operates brakes)
• Opposites: accelerate, speed up, gas, go
• Related Words: accelerator, clutch, pedal, tire, vehicle, speed, stop, skid, safety, control
• Semantic Field: vehicles, safety, control, stopping, mechanics, driving, motion, machines, traffic, deceleration
• Collocations:
  apply brakes, brakes fail, braking system, brake pedal, brake light, emergency brake, brake pads, brake fluid, brake distance, brake noise
• Verb Forms: brake – braked – have/has braked
• Phrasal Verbs:
  None common

Question 20

Breast, Breed, Breeze, Bribe, Bride

Answer 20

1. Breast

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – The front part of the human chest, especially the mammary gland in females; also refers to the meat from this part of poultry or animals. Used in medical, biological, culinary, and anatomical contexts.
  Persian: سینه، پستان، پستان زن، سینه پرنده (گوشت سینه مرغ یا بوقلمون)
• Pronunciation: /brɛst/
  Phonetic: برِست
• Example Sentences:

1. She felt a pain in her left breast.
2. The chicken breast is a lean cut of meat.
3. He held the baby close to his breast.

• Synonyms: chest, bosom, mammary gland, thorax (formal/anatomical), breast meat (culinary)
• Common Prepositions:
  in – Pain in the breast.
  on – A scar on her breast.
  of – The breast of the chicken.
• Word Family:
  Noun: breast – She examined her breast.
  Adjective: breastfed – The baby was breastfed.
  Verb (rare): breast (to face or encounter something head-on) – They breast the storm.
  Agent noun: breastfeeder (rare)
• Opposites: back (opposite part of the torso)
  Example: He has a tattoo on his back, not his breast.
• Related Words: chest, nipple, mammary, torso, muscle, rib, lung, breastfeed, breastfeeding, mammogram
• Semantic Field: anatomy, body, health, medicine, food, animal, nurture, biology, care, feeding
• Collocations:
  breast cancer, breast milk, breast feeding, chicken breast, breast tissue, breast pain, breast cancer screening, breast muscle, breast implant, breast development

2. Breed

• Meaning & Usage:
  Verb – To produce offspring, especially animals; to cause a particular quality or type to develop.
  Noun – A specific group of animals or plants with distinct characteristics.
  Persian:
  (فعل) پرورش دادن، تولید مثل کردن، زاد و ولد کردن؛
  (اسم) نژاد، گونه، نوع خاص حیوان یا گیاه
• Pronunciation: /briːd/
  Phonetic: بریید
• Example Sentences:

1. Farmers breed cattle for better milk production.
2. This breed of dog is known for its friendliness.
3. Certain conditions breed distrust between people.

• Synonyms: reproduce, raise, produce, generate, type, strain, species (noun)
• Common Prepositions:
  of – A breed of dog.
  for – Breed animals for racing.
  in – Problems bred in the system.
• Word Family:
  Verb: breed – They breed horses.
  Noun: breed – He owns a rare breed.
  Adjective: breeding – Breeding season.
  Present participle adjective: breeding – A breeding ground.
  Agent noun: breeder – She is a dog breeder.
• Opposites:
  destroy, kill, eradicate
  Example: The disease was eradicated and no longer breeds in the population.
• Related Words: offspring, reproduce, genetics, species, animal, plant, lineage, race, mating, herd
• Semantic Field: biology, reproduction, animals, genetics, farming, species, nurture, growth, development, heredity
• Collocations:
  breed animals, pure breed, breed for, breed dogs, breed cattle, breeding season, breeding ground, breeder dog, breed standards, breed characteristics
• Verb Forms: breed – bred – have/has bred
• Phrasal Verbs:
  None common

3. Breeze

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – A gentle, light wind.
  Verb – To move quickly and easily.
  Persian:
  (اسم) نسیم، باد ملایم؛
  (فعل) به آسانی گذشتن، با سرعت و راحتی انجام دادن
• Pronunciation: /briːz/
  Phonetic: برییز
• Example Sentences:

1. A cool breeze blew through the trees.
2. She breezed through the exam without any problems.
3. The breeze from the ocean was refreshing.

• Synonyms: wind, zephyr, gust, waft (noun); glide, sail, pass easily (verb)
• Common Prepositions:
  through – Breeze through the door.
  in – Breeze in from the sea.
  with – Breeze with confidence.
• Word Family:
  Noun: breeze – There was a gentle breeze.
  Verb: breeze – He breezed through the test.
  Adjective: breezy – A breezy day.
• Opposites: gale, storm, struggle
  Example: He struggled with the problem, it was not a breeze.
• Related Words: wind, gust, zephyr, air, draft, flutter, blow, blow, fresh, chill
• Semantic Field: weather, air, movement, ease, nature, atmosphere, climate, wind, lightness, relaxation
• Collocations:
  cool breeze, gentle breeze, sea breeze, breeze through, breezy day, breeze past, fresh breeze, light breeze, breeze in, breeze out
• Verb Forms: breeze – breezed – have/has breezed
• Phrasal Verbs:
  breeze through – She breezed through the interview.

4. Bribe

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – Money or gifts given illegally to influence someone’s actions.
  Verb – To offer or give a bribe.
  Persian:
  (اسم) رشوه، باج؛
  (فعل) رشوه دادن، خریدن
• Pronunciation: /braɪb/
  Phonetic: برایب
• Example Sentences:

1. He was accused of accepting a bribe.
2. They tried to bribe the official to get the contract.
3. Bribing is illegal and unethical.

• Synonyms: payoff, kickback, hush money, corruption, inducement
• Common Prepositions:
  with – Bribe someone with money.
  for – Bribe for favors.
  to – Bribe someone to look the other way.
• Word Family:
  Noun: bribe – The bribe was discovered.
  Verb: bribe – He bribed the guard.
  Adjective: bribable (rare) – A bribable official.
  Adverb: bribingly (very rare)
• Opposites: honest, fair, upright
  Example: She was honest and refused to accept any bribes.
• Related Words: corruption, payoff, kickback, fraud, illegal, ethics, money, influence, crime, scandal
• Semantic Field: law, corruption, crime, ethics, politics, money, influence, justice, bribery, misconduct
• Collocations:
  accept bribe, offer bribe, pay a bribe, bribe someone, bribe money, bribe officials, bribe scandal, illegal bribe, refuse bribe, bribe attempt
• Verb Forms: bribe – bribed – have/has bribed
• Phrasal Verbs:
  None common

5. Bride

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun – A woman on her wedding day or just before and after the ceremony.
  Persian: عروس
• Pronunciation: /braɪd/
  Phonetic: براید
• Example Sentences:

1. The bride looked stunning in her wedding dress.
2. The bride and groom exchanged vows.
3. She is the happiest bride I have ever seen.

• Synonyms: newlywed (immediately after marriage), wife (after marriage), fiancée (before marriage)
• Common Prepositions:
  of – The bride of the groom.
  at – The bride at the wedding.
  to – The bride to be.
• Word Family:
  Noun: bride – The bride smiled.
  Adjective: bridal – Bridal dress.
  Agent noun: bridesmaid – The bridesmaids helped the bride.
• Opposites: groom (male counterpart)
  Example: The bride and groom danced together.
• Related Words: groom, wedding, marriage, ceremony, bridegroom, brideprice, honeymoon, veil, dress, bridesmaid
• Semantic Field: marriage, wedding, ceremony, relationship, love, family, celebration, partnership, commitment, event
• Collocations:
  bride and groom, bridal party, bride-to-be, wedding bride, bride’s dress, bride’s bouquet, happy bride, young bride, beautiful bride, bride’s family

Question 21

Brick, Brief, Bright, Briliant, Bring together

Answer 21

1. Brick

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun. A rectangular block of baked clay or similar material used in building walls and structures. It can also be used metaphorically for something solid, reliable, or fundamental.
  Persian translations: آجر, خشت, بلوک ساختمانی, عنصر محکم، آدم قابل اعتماد (مجاز)
• Pronunciation: /brɪk/ — بریک
• Example sentences:

1. The house was built with red bricks.
2. He felt like a brick wall, firm and unyielding.
3. She accidentally dropped a brick on her foot.

• Synonyms: block, stone, tile (contextual)
• Common prepositions:
  • made of bricks — The fence is made of bricks.
  • brick by brick — They rebuilt the old wall brick by brick.
• Word family:
  • Noun: bricklayer — The bricklayer finished the wall quickly.
  • Noun: brickwork — The brickwork is very precise.
• Negative/Opposite: No exact opposite; opposite qualities like fragile or weak material.
• Related words: bricklayer, brickwork, brickbat, masonry, block, stone, tile, mortar, construction, building
• Semantic field: construction, building materials, architecture, masonry, structure, wall, foundation, cement, clay, housing
• Common collocations: red brick, brick wall, brick house, bricklayer, brickwork, brick path, brick oven, brick foundation, brick building, brick chimney
• Verb forms: Not applicable
• Phrasal verbs: None

2. Brief

• Meaning & Usage:
  Adjective: Short in duration or concise in expression.
  Noun: A summary or concise report.
  Verb: To give essential information or instructions.
  Persian translations:
  Adjective: کوتاه, مختصر
  Noun: خلاصه, گزارش کوتاه
  Verb: اطلاع دادن, آگاه کردن
• Pronunciation: /briːf/ — برییف
• Example sentences:

1. Please keep your explanation brief.
2. The lawyer prepared a brief for the trial.
3. The captain briefed the crew before the flight.

• Synonyms: short, concise, summary, synopsis
• Common prepositions:
  • brief on — She was briefed on the mission.
  • brief for — The brief for the project was detailed.
• Word family:
  • Adjective: brief
  • Noun: briefing — The briefing lasted half an hour.
  • Verb: brief — They briefed the team thoroughly.
  • Adverb: briefly — He spoke briefly about the topic.
• Negative/Opposite: lengthy, long, detailed — The report was lengthy and complicated.
• Related words: summary, outline, synopsis, abstract, concise, terse, prompt, sketch, précis, introduction
• Semantic field: communication, information, summary, report, instruction, presentation, explanation, message, announcement, note
• Common collocations: brief summary, brief meeting, brief statement, brief moment, brief description, brief pause, brief period, briefing session, briefly mentioned, brief report
• Verb forms: brief, briefed, have/has briefed
• Phrasal verbs: brief up (rare) — He briefed up the staff before the event.

3. Bright

• Meaning & Usage:
  Adjective. Emitting or reflecting much light; intelligent or quick to learn.
  Persian translations: روشن, درخشان, باهوش, نورانی
• Pronunciation: /braɪt/ — برایت
• Example sentences:

1. The lamp gives off a bright light.
2. She is a bright student with excellent grades.
3. The colors in the painting are very bright.

• Synonyms: radiant, shining, intelligent, clever, vivid
• Common prepositions:
  • bright in — She is bright in science.
  • bright with — The sky was bright with stars.
• Word family:
  • Adjective: bright
  • Adverb: brightly — The sun shone brightly.
  • Noun: brightness — The brightness of the screen hurt my eyes.
• Negative/Opposite: dull, dim, dark — The room was dim and gloomy.
• Related words: luminous, brilliant, intelligent, radiant, vivid, shiny, clever, sparkling, glowing, dazzling
• Semantic field: light, intelligence, color, vision, brilliance, clarity, illumination, brightness, insight, perception
• Common collocations: bright idea, bright light, bright future, bright colors, bright smile, bright star, bright day, bright mind, bright eyes, brightly lit
• Verb forms: Not applicable
• Phrasal verbs: None

4. Brilliant

• Meaning & Usage:
  Adjective. Exceptionally clever or talented; very bright or radiant.
  Persian translations: درخشان, هوشمندانه, نابغه, برجسته
• Pronunciation: /ˈbrɪljənt/ — بریلیِنت
• Example sentences:

1. She gave a brilliant performance last night.
2. That’s a brilliant solution to the problem.
3. The diamond sparkled brilliantly in the sunlight.

• Synonyms: outstanding, excellent, radiant, smart, clever
• Common prepositions:
  • brilliant at — He is brilliant at mathematics.
  • brilliant in — She was brilliant in her presentation.
• Word family:
  • Adjective: brilliant
  • Adverb: brilliantly — He played brilliantly in the final game.
  • Noun: brilliance — The brilliance of the idea impressed everyone.
• Negative/Opposite: dull, mediocre, ordinary — The movie was mediocre compared to others.
• Related words: exceptional, clever, talented, radiant, outstanding, intelligent, bright, shining, remarkable, gifted
• Semantic field: intelligence, talent, light, excellence, creativity, skill, radiance, genius, success, brightness
• Common collocations: brilliant idea, brilliant mind, brilliant performance, brilliant scientist, brilliant light, brilliantly successful, brilliant colors, brilliant talent, brilliant student, brilliant achievement
• Verb forms: Not applicable
• Phrasal verbs: None

5. Bring together

• Meaning & Usage:
  Phrasal verb. To cause people or things to come into one place or group, often for cooperation or unity.
  Persian translations: گرد هم آوردن, متحد کردن, جمع کردن
• Pronunciation: /brɪŋ təˈɡeðər/ — برینگ توگذر
• Example sentences:

1. The conference brought together experts from around the world.
2. Music has the power to bring people together.
3. The charity event aims to bring the community together.

• Synonyms: unite, gather, assemble, collect, join
• Common prepositions: Not applicable (phrasal verb)
• Word family:
  • Verb: bring — Bring your documents here.
  • Phrase: bring together — They brought the teams together for a meeting.
• Negative/Opposite: separate, split up, divide — The argument split the group up.
• Related words: unite, merge, gather, assemble, join, connect, reconcile, group, coalition, partnership
• Semantic field: unity, gathering, cooperation, meeting, collaboration, connection, group, alliance, organization, integration
• Common collocations: bring together ideas, bring together people, bring together forces, bring together evidence, bring together communities, bring together experts, bring together cultures, bring together data, bring together teams, bring together resources
• Verb forms: bring together, brought together, have/has brought together
• Phrasal verbs: bring together only (as compound phrasal verb)

Question 22

Broad, Broadcast, Broke, Broken down, Broom

Answer 22

1. Broad

• Meaning & Usage:
  Adjective meaning wide in extent, scope, or range. Used physically (e.g., broad road) or figuratively (e.g., broad knowledge).
  Persian: گسترده، پهن، وسیع، فراگیر، کلی، عام
• Pronunciation: /brɔːd/
  Phonetic: براد
• Example Sentences:

1. The river is broad and deep.
2. She has a broad understanding of science.
3. The team took a broad approach to the problem.

• Synonyms: wide, extensive, vast, spacious, expansive, comprehensive
• Common Prepositions:
  in – Broad in scope
  across – Broad across the country
  with – Broad with shoulders
• Word Family:
  Adjective: broad – He has broad shoulders.
  Adverb: broadly – The topic was broadly covered.
  Noun (rare): breadth – The breadth of knowledge is impressive.
• Opposite: narrow
  Example: The path is narrow and hard to walk on.
• Related Words: wide, vast, expansive, spacious, extensive, comprehensive, panoramic, general, large, ample
• Semantic Field: size, width, scope, extent, coverage, range, openness, inclusiveness, expansiveness, vastness
• Common Collocations:
  broad range, broad daylight, broad agreement, broad area, broad spectrum, broad shoulders, broad smile, broad knowledge, broadly speaking, broad view

2. Broadcast

• Meaning & Usage:
  Verb: To transmit a program or information via radio, TV, or other media.
  Noun: A program or transmission.
  Persian:
  (فعل) پخش کردن، منتشر کردن
  (اسم) برنامه پخش شده، پخش
• Pronunciation: /ˈbrɔːdkæst/
  Phonetic: برادکست
• Example Sentences:

1. They will broadcast the game live tonight.
2. The broadcast lasted two hours.
3. News is broadcast worldwide every day.

• Synonyms: transmit, air, televise, relay, disseminate
• Common Prepositions:
  on – Broadcast on TV
  over – Broadcast over the radio
  to – Broadcast to millions
• Word Family:
  Verb: broadcast – They broadcast the event live.
  Noun: broadcast – The broadcast was interrupted.
  Adjective: broadcasting – The broadcasting company is large.
• Opposite: withhold, conceal
  Example: They withheld the broadcast until later.
• Related Words: transmission, signal, media, television, radio, webcast, stream, announcer, program, audience
• Semantic Field: media, communication, transmission, information, technology, entertainment, news, radio, television, internet
• Common Collocations:
  live broadcast, radio broadcast, television broadcast, broadcast media, broadcast network, broadcast schedule, broadcast signal, broadcast rights, broadcast station, broadcast news
• Verb Forms: broadcast – broadcast – have/has broadcast
• Phrasal Verbs: None common

3. Broke

• Meaning & Usage:
  Adjective (informal): Having no money; bankrupt. Also past tense of break.
  Persian:
  بی‌پول، ورشکسته (صفت)
  شکستن (گذشته فعل)
• Pronunciation: /broʊk/
  Phonetic: بروک
• Example Sentences:

1. I’m broke until next week.
2. She broke the vase yesterday.
3. The company went broke last year.

• Synonyms: penniless, bankrupt, ruined, destitute, poor
• Common Prepositions:
  on – Broke on a bad deal
  from – Broke from lack of funds
  after – Broke after losing his job
• Word Family:
  Adjective: broke – He is broke this month.
  Verb: break – She broke the glass.
  Past participle adjective: broken – The broken chair needs repair.
• Opposite: rich, wealthy, solvent
  Example: He was rich before he lost everything.
• Related Words: bankrupt, poverty, debt, insolvent, broke down, broke up, ruined, brokehearted, broke even, broke out
• Semantic Field: money, finance, loss, failure, poverty, bankruptcy, damage, ruin, debt, hardship
• Common Collocations:
  broke down, broke the law, broke even, broke heart, broke record, broke a habit, broke into tears, broke the news, broke the silence, broke away

4. Broken down

• Meaning & Usage:
  Adjective phrase describing something that is not functioning or someone emotionally or physically exhausted. Often refers to machines or people.
  Persian: خراب، از کار افتاده، فرسوده، افسرده، از پا افتاده
• Pronunciation: /ˈbroʊkən daʊn/
  Phonetic: بروکن داون
• Example Sentences:

1. The car broke down on the highway.
2. After months of stress, she felt broken down.
3. The broken-down machine needs repair.

• Synonyms: malfunctioning, out of order, damaged, exhausted, worn out
• Common Prepositions:
  on – Broken down on the road
  by – Broken down by stress
  from – Broken down from fatigue
• Word Family:
  Verb (phrasal): break down – The engine broke down.
  Adjective phrase: broken down – A broken-down car.
• Opposite: working, functioning, repaired, strong
  Example: The machine is working fine now.
• Related Words: malfunction, collapse, fatigue, damage, repair, exhaustion, breakdown, failure, wear, weakness
• Semantic Field: machines, health, failure, repair, emotions, fatigue, weakness, collapse, malfunction, exhaustion
• Common Collocations:
  broken-down car, broken-down equipment, broken-down engine, broken-down system, broken-down vehicle, broken-down machinery, broken-down relationship, broken-down emotional state, broken-down structure, broken-down communication
• Verb Forms: break down – broke down – have/has broken down

5. Broom

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun: A cleaning tool with stiff fibers on a long handle used for sweeping.
  Persian: جارو
• Pronunciation: /bruːm/
  Phonetic: بروم
• Example Sentences:

1. She swept the floor with a broom.
2. The broom is in the closet.
3. He grabbed a broom to clean the porch.

• Synonyms: brush, sweeper (device)
• Common Prepositions:
  with – Sweep with a broom
  using – Cleaning using a broom
  by – Swept by the broom
• Word Family:
  Noun: broom – The broom is old.
  Verb (rare/archaic): broom – He broomed the floor. (rare)
• Opposite: dustpan, vacuum cleaner (tools for cleaning complement or contrast broom)
• Related Words: mop, brush, dustpan, sweep, cleaning, floor, handle, fibers, dust, broomstick
• Semantic Field: cleaning, tools, household, maintenance, sweeping, hygiene, chores, utensils, floor care, domestic work
• Common Collocations:
  push the broom, broom handle, broom closet, broomstick, old broom, clean with a broom, broom head, broom and dustpan, broom swept, broom fibers

Question 23

Browse, Brutal, Brush, Bullet resistant, By +

Answer 23

1. Browse

• Meaning & Usage:
  Verb meaning to look through or glance at casually, often used for looking through books, items, or websites without a specific goal.
  Persian: مرور کردن، ورق زدن، گشتن، نگاه سرسری کردن، جستجو کردن
• Pronunciation: /braʊz/
  Phonetic: براوز
• Example Sentences:

1. I like to browse the bookstore for new novels.
2. She browsed the internet for travel ideas.
3. Customers browse through the clothes before buying.

• Synonyms: skim, scan, glance, flick through, look through, surf
• Common Prepositions:
  through – Browse through the catalog
  on – Browse on the website
  around – Browse around the store
• Word Family:
  Verb: browse – He browses the magazine.
  Noun: browser – Use a web browser to access the site.
  Present participle adjective: browsing – Browsing customers often buy less.
• Opposite: ignore, overlook
  Example: He ignored the new books and left.
• Related Words: scan, skim, surf, look, search, explore, flip, read, inspect, check
• Semantic Field: reading, searching, looking, exploring, internet, shopping, media, observation, examination, selection
• Common Collocations:
  browse the internet, browse the catalog, browse books, browse websites, browse items, browse products, browse photos, browse magazines, browsing history, browsing habits
• Verb Forms: browse – browsed – have/has browsed
• Phrasal Verbs:
  browse through – She browsed through the documents.

2. Brutal

• Meaning & Usage:
  Adjective meaning extremely cruel, harsh, or severe; also used informally to mean very difficult or unpleasant.
  Persian:
  بی‌رحم، وحشی، خشن، شدید، سخت، غیرانسانی
• Pronunciation: /ˈbruːtəl/
  Phonetic: بروتال
• Example Sentences:

1. The brutal war caused many casualties.
2. The weather was brutal during the hike.
3. He gave a brutal critique of the movie.

• Synonyms: cruel, harsh, savage, ruthless, severe, violent, fierce
• Common Prepositions:
  to – Brutal to animals
  in – Brutal in punishment
  with – Brutal with words
• Word Family:
  Adjective: brutal – A brutal attack occurred last night.
  Adverb: brutally – He was brutally honest.
• Opposite: gentle, kind, humane, mild
  Example: The treatment was gentle and caring.
• Related Words: cruel, harsh, violent, savage, ruthless, merciless, severe, fierce, barbaric, inhumane
• Semantic Field: violence, cruelty, severity, harshness, aggression, toughness, inhumanity, force, pain, suffering
• Common Collocations:
  brutal attack, brutal murder, brutal truth, brutal conditions, brutal honesty, brutal weather, brutal force, brutal regime, brutally honest, brutal treatment

3. Brush

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun: A tool with bristles for cleaning or painting.
  Verb: To clean, smooth, or touch lightly with a brush or similar motion.
  Persian:
  (اسم) برس، قلم‌مو، جارو
  (فعل) مسواک زدن، قلم‌مو کشیدن، جارو کردن، نوازش کردن
• Pronunciation: /brʌʃ/
  Phonetic: براش
• Example Sentences:

1. She used a brush to paint the wall.
2. I brush my teeth every morning.
3. He brushed the dust off the table.

• Synonyms: sweep, comb, clean, stroke, scrub
• Common Prepositions:
  with – Brush with a broom
  off – Brush off the dust
  against – Brush against the wall
• Word Family:
  Noun: brush – The brush is in the drawer.
  Verb: brush – He brushes his hair.
  Present participle adjective: brushing – Brushing your teeth is important.
  Noun (rare): brushwork – The brushwork in this painting is exquisite.
• Opposite: neglect (contextual), dirty (opposite state)
  Example: He neglected to brush his teeth.
• Related Words: broom, comb, paintbrush, toothbrush, scrub, sweep, clean, stroke, dust, hairbrush
• Semantic Field: cleaning, grooming, painting, tools, hygiene, maintenance, strokes, motion, contact, care
• Common Collocations:
  brush teeth, paint brush, hair brush, brush off, brush stroke, brush head, brush handle, brush with danger, brush against, brush up on
• Verb Forms: brush – brushed – have/has brushed
• Phrasal Verbs:
  brush off – She brushed off the criticism.
  brush up on – He brushed up on his French before traveling.

4. Bullet resistant

• Meaning & Usage:
  Adjective phrase describing materials or objects designed to resist penetration by bullets (e.g., bullet-resistant vests).
  Persian: ضد گلوله، مقاوم در برابر گلوله
• Pronunciation: /ˈbʊlɪt rɪˈzɪstənt/
  Phonetic: بولیت ریزیستانت
• Example Sentences:

1. He wore a bullet-resistant vest during the operation.
2. The bank installed bullet-resistant glass.
3. Bullet-resistant materials are essential for security forces.

• Synonyms: bulletproof, armor-plated, ballistic-resistant
• Common Prepositions:
  to – Resistant to bullets
  against – Resistant against gunfire
  with – A vest with bullet-resistant properties
• Word Family:
  Adjective: bullet-resistant – Bullet-resistant armor saved lives.
  Noun (rare): bullet resistance – The bullet resistance of this material is high.
• Opposite: bullet-permeable, vulnerable
  Example: The old door was vulnerable to bullets.
• Related Words: bulletproof, armor, ballistic, shield, protection, defense, vest, gunfire, impact-resistant, security
• Semantic Field: protection, safety, security, defense, military, armor, weapons, resistance, violence, threat
• Common Collocations:
  bullet-resistant vest, bullet-resistant glass, bullet-resistant materials, bullet-resistant armor, bullet-resistant coating, bullet-resistant fabric, bullet-resistant jacket, bullet-resistant panel, bullet-resistant body armor, bullet-resistant protection

5. By +

• Meaning & Usage:
  Preposition used to indicate the agent performing an action (by someone), means of transport (by car), time limit (by Monday), or proximity (by the door). Very versatile in many contexts.
  Persian: توسط، با، تا، کنار، نزدیک
• Pronunciation: /baɪ/
  Phonetic: بای
• Example Sentences:

1. The book was written by her.
2. I will finish it by tomorrow.
3. She traveled by train.

• Synonyms: via, through, using, next to, before (depending on context)
• Common Prepositions: — (By itself is a preposition, so no prepositions with “by”)
• Word Family: Not applicable.
• Opposite: No direct opposite (depends on context).
• Related Words: near, beside, alongside, through, via, until, before, with, at, about
• Semantic Field: agency, time, manner, location, means, proximity, cause, deadline, method, direction
• Common Collocations:
  by choice, by no means, by car, by hand, by mistake, by the way, by chance, by air, by sea, by bus, by foot, by law

Question 24

Bumper, Bummer, Bundle, Bunker, Burden

Answer 24

1. Bumper

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun: The protective bar at the front or rear of a vehicle to absorb impact.
  Adjective (informal): Very large or abundant, often used to describe unusually large amounts or successful events.
  Persian:
  (اسم) سپر ماشین
  (صفت) فراوان، زیاد، بزرگ
• Pronunciation: /ˈbʌmpər/
  Phonetic: بامپر
• Example Sentences:

1. The car’s bumper was damaged in the accident.
2. They had a bumper crop this year.
3. It was a bumper year for sales.

• Synonyms: guard, buffer, cushion, plentiful, abundant, large
• Common Prepositions:
  on – The bumper on the car
  for – A bumper for protection
  of – A bumper of sales
• Word Family:
  Noun: bumper – The bumper saved the car from damage.
  Adjective: bumper – They enjoyed a bumper harvest.
• Opposite: small, limited, scanty
  Example: The harvest was small this year.
• Related Words: guard, shield, cushion, protector, abundance, excess, surplus, harvest, yield, crash-bar
• Semantic Field: protection, vehicles, abundance, success, safety, agriculture, quantity, impact, accident, material
• Common Collocations:
  bumper crop, bumper harvest, bumper year, bumper-to-bumper, bumper sticker, bumper sales, bumper damage, bumper guard, bumper cars, bumper zone

2. Bummer

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun (informal): A disappointment or unpleasant situation.
  Persian: بدشانسی، ناامیدی، دردسر، وضعیت ناخوشایند
• Pronunciation: /ˈbʌmər/
  Phonetic: بامِر
• Example Sentences:

1. Missing the concert was a real bummer.
2. That’s a bummer about your car breaking down.
3. It’s such a bummer that it’s raining today.

• Synonyms: disappointment, letdown, drag, pain, nuisance
• Common Prepositions:
  about – A bummer about the delay
  for – A bummer for everyone involved
• Word Family: (rare) bumming (verb slang: to ask for something)
  Noun: bummer – That was a total bummer.
• Opposite: blessing, joy, pleasure
  Example: Winning the lottery was a big blessing.
• Related Words: disappointment, setback, trouble, hassle, problem, annoyance, misfortune, frustration, difficulty, inconvenience
• Semantic Field: emotions, feelings, disappointment, problems, negative experiences, frustration, sadness, annoyance, bad luck, obstacles
• Common Collocations:
  real bummer, total bummer, such a bummer, big bummer, major bummer, minor bummer, unexpected bummer, unfortunate bummer, total bummer, bit of a bummer

3. Bundle

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun: A collection of things tied or grouped together.
  Verb: To tie or wrap things together.
  Persian:
  (اسم) بسته، دسته، خوشه
  (فعل) بستن، بسته‌بندی کردن، جمع کردن
• Pronunciation: /ˈbʌndl/
  Phonetic: باندل
• Example Sentences:

1. She carried a bundle of clothes.
2. They bundled the newspapers together.
3. The company offers a bundle of services.

• Synonyms: package, bunch, group, cluster, wrap, tie
• Common Prepositions:
  of – A bundle of sticks
  together – Bundle together the papers
  with – Bundle with care
• Word Family:
  Noun: bundle – The bundle is heavy.
  Verb: bundle – They bundled the gifts.
  Present participle adjective: bundling – The bundling process is complete.
• Opposite: separate, unpack
  Example: They unpacked the bundles carefully.
• Related Words: package, parcel, group, cluster, pack, set, load, batch, collection, heap
• Semantic Field: packaging, grouping, transport, collections, objects, delivery, wrapping, tying, gifts, bundles
• Common Collocations:
  bundle of joy, bundle of sticks, bundle deal, bundle of clothes, software bundle, cable bundle, bundle together, bundle up, data bundle, bundle offer
• Verb Forms: bundle – bundled – have/has bundled
• Phrasal Verbs:
  bundle up – She bundled up in warm clothes.
  bundle together – They bundled together the orders.

4. Bunker

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun: A fortified underground shelter, often military; also a hazard area filled with sand in golf.
  Verb (rare): To take shelter in a bunker or to store fuel in a bunker.
  Persian:
  (اسم) پناهگاه زیرزمینی، سنگر، گودال شن (در گلف)
  (فعل - نادر) پناه گرفتن در سنگر
• Pronunciation: /ˈbʌŋkər/
  Phonetic: بانکر
• Example Sentences:

1. Soldiers hid in the bunker during the attack.
2. He hit the ball out of the bunker on the golf course.
3. They stored fuel in the bunker.

• Synonyms: shelter, fortress, dugout, hideout, shelter pit
• Common Prepositions:
  in – Stay in the bunker
  from – Shelter from attack in the bunker
  under – A bunker under the ground
• Word Family:
  Noun: bunker – The bunker was well fortified.
  Verb: bunker (rare) – They bunkered during the storm.
• Opposite: open ground, exposure
  Example: They were caught in the open without shelter.
• Related Words: shelter, fort, hideout, dugout, trench, fortress, hideaway, safe haven, pit, refuge
• Semantic Field: military, protection, shelter, defense, war, survival, golf, hazard, underground, safety
• Common Collocations:
  military bunker, sand bunker, bunker hill, bunker fuel, bunker area, bunker entrance, bunker shelter, bunker wall, bunker attack, bunker storage

5. Burden

• Meaning & Usage:
  Noun: A heavy load, either physical or metaphorical (responsibility, stress).
  Verb: To load heavily or cause stress.
  Persian:
  (اسم) بار، بار سنگین، مسئولیت، دغدغه، فشار
  (فعل) بار کردن، تحت فشار گذاشتن
• Pronunciation: /ˈbɜːrdən/
  Phonetic: بردِن
• Example Sentences:

1. The burden of debt weighed on him.
2. She was burdened with family responsibilities.
3. This task is a burden for the whole team.

• Synonyms: load, weight, responsibility, encumbrance, strain
• Common Prepositions:
  of – The burden of proof
  with – Burdened with guilt
  on – A burden on the community
• Word Family:
  Noun: burden – The burden is too much to carry.
  Verb: burden – Don’t burden him with unnecessary worries.
  Past participle adjective: burdened – A burdened mind is stressful.
• Opposite: relief, ease, freedom
  Example: He felt relief after sharing his burden.
• Related Words: load, responsibility, weight, stress, obligation, duty, hardship, pressure, strain, encumbrance
• Semantic Field: weight, responsibility, stress, load, pressure, duty, hardship, obligation, worry, difficulty
• Common Collocations:
  heavy burden, financial burden, burden of proof, burden on shoulders, burdened with guilt, emotional burden, burden of responsibility, burden sharing, burden of debt, burden of care
• Verb Forms: burden – burdened – have/has burdened
• Phrasal Verbs: None common

Question 25

Bunch, Burglar, Burning desire, Burst, Bury

Answer 25

**1. Bunch** * **Meaning & Usage:** Noun: A group of things of the same kind gathered or held together (e.g., a bunch of flowers, grapes). Verb (informal): To gather into a group or cluster. **Persian:** (اسم) دسته، خوشه، مجموعه (فعل) دسته‌بندی کردن، جمع کردن * **Pronunciation:** /bʌntʃ/ Phonetic: بانچ * **Example Sentences:** 1. She picked a bunch of flowers. 2. There was a bunch of people waiting outside. 3. They bunched together to take the photo. * **Synonyms:** cluster, group, bundle, bouquet, pack * **Common Prepositions:** **of** – A bunch of grapes **together** – Bunch together for warmth **with** – A bunch with ribbons * **Word Family:** Noun: bunch – *He bought a bunch of bananas.* Verb: bunch – *The kids bunched up during the game.* Present participle adjective: bunching – *The bunching of clothes caused wrinkles.* * **Opposite:** single, individual Example: She picked a single flower instead of a bunch. * **Related Words:** cluster, bouquet, pack, bundle, group, collection, pile, heap, batch, clump * **Semantic Field:** grouping, collecting, gathering, clustering, assembling, organizing, plants, objects, people, fruits * **Common Collocations:** bunch of flowers, bunch of grapes, bunch of people, bunch together, big bunch, small bunch, bunch of keys, bunch of bananas, bunch of balloons, bunch of friends --- **2. Burglar** * **Meaning & Usage:** Noun: A person who illegally breaks into a building to steal. **Persian:** دزد، سارق، دزد منزل * **Pronunciation:** /ˈbɜːrɡlər/ Phonetic: برگلار * **Example Sentences:** 1. The burglar broke into the house last night. 2. Police caught the burglar after a long chase. 3. The burglar alarm scared the thief away. * **Synonyms:** thief, robber, intruder, crook, bandit * **Common Prepositions:** **into** – Burglar broke into the house **from** – Burglar stole from the bank **of** – Burglar of valuables * **Word Family:** Noun: burglar – *The burglar was arrested.* Adjective (rare): burglarious (rare) – *Burglarious activity is illegal.* * **Opposite:** homeowner, victim Example: The homeowner called the police after the burglar broke in. * **Related Words:** thief, robber, intruder, crook, bandit, looter, pilferer, housebreaker, criminal, felon * **Semantic Field:** crime, theft, security, law enforcement, danger, break-in, robbery, intrusion, lawbreaking, property * **Common Collocations:** burglar alarm, burglar caught, professional burglar, suspected burglar, home burglar, armed burglar, attempted burglar, convicted burglar, burglar proof, burglaries reported --- **3. Burning desire** * **Meaning & Usage:** Phrase: An intense, passionate longing or wish for something. Often used to express strong ambition or love. **Persian:** آرزوی شدید، اشتیاق سوزان، تمایل شدید * **Pronunciation:** burning: /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/ desire: /dɪˈzaɪər/ Phonetic: برنینگ دیزایر * **Example Sentences:** 1. She had a burning desire to become a doctor. 2. His burning desire for success motivated him every day. 3. They shared a burning desire to change the world. * **Synonyms:** intense longing, deep craving, passionate wish, strong yearning, fervent ambition * **Common Prepositions:** **for** – Burning desire for freedom **to** – Burning desire to succeed **in** – Burning desire in his heart * **Word Family:** Noun: desire – *His desire to learn was strong.* Verb: desire – *They desire peace.* Adjective: desirable – *A desirable outcome* Adverb: desirably (rare) * **Opposite:** indifference, lack of interest Example: She showed indifference instead of a burning desire. * **Related Words:** passion, ambition, longing, craving, yearning, enthusiasm, motivation, zeal, fervor, determination * **Semantic Field:** emotions, motivation, ambition, passion, feelings, goals, willpower, enthusiasm, determination, aspiration * **Common Collocations:** burning desire for, burning desire to, burning desire within, intense burning desire, deep burning desire, burning desire and passion, strong burning desire, burning desire grows, burning desire motivates, burning desire in heart --- **4. Burst** * **Meaning & Usage:** Verb: To break open or explode suddenly; to come out suddenly or forcefully. Noun: A sudden outbreak or explosion. **Persian:** (فعل) ترکیدن، انفجار ناگهانی، فوران کردن (اسم) انفجار، فوران، ترکیدن * **Pronunciation:** /bɜːrst/ Phonetic: برست * **Example Sentences:** 1. The balloon burst suddenly. 2. She burst into tears after hearing the news. 3. There was a burst of laughter in the room. * **Synonyms:** explode, rupture, break, erupt, crack * **Common Prepositions:** **into** – Burst into flames **out** – Burst out laughing **with** – Burst with excitement * **Word Family:** Verb: burst – *The pipe burst during the storm.* Past tense: burst – *The balloon burst.* Noun: burst – *A burst of energy* Adjective (rare): bursting – *The bursting balloon scared me.* * **Opposite:** implode, hold, contain Example: The balloon held its air; it did not burst. * **Related Words:** explosion, rupture, crack, blowout, outbreak, flare, detonation, blast, eruption, leak * **Semantic Field:** breaking, suddenness, explosion, energy, release, force, damage, noise, reaction, emotion * **Common Collocations:** burst into tears, burst out laughing, burst of energy, burst pipe, burst balloon, sudden burst, burst of speed, burst of light, burst of sound, burst of applause * **Verb Forms:** burst – burst – have/has burst * **Phrasal Verbs:** burst out – *She burst out crying.* burst into – *He burst into the room.* --- **5. Bury** * **Meaning & Usage:** Verb: To place something underground, typically a dead body, or to hide or cover something. Also used figuratively to mean hiding feelings or information. **Persian:** دفن کردن، پنهان کردن، مخفی کردن * **Pronunciation:** /ˈberi/ Phonetic: بِری * **Example Sentences:** 1. They buried the time capsule in the garden. 2. He buried his face in his hands. 3. Secrets were buried deep in the past. * **Synonyms:** inter, hide, conceal, cover, entomb * **Common Prepositions:** **in** – Buried in the ground **under** – Buried under the rubble **beneath** – Buried beneath the soil * **Word Family:** Verb: bury – *They buried the treasure.* Noun: burial – *The burial took place yesterday.* Adjective: buried – *The buried treasure was never found.* * **Opposite:** exhume, uncover, reveal Example: They exhumed the body after many years. * **Related Words:** inter, entomb, hide, conceal, cover, tomb, grave, coffin, cemetery, ashes * **Semantic Field:** death, concealment, hiding, covering, burial, secrecy, loss, remembrance, ground, earth * **Common Collocations:** bury the hatchet, bury the dead, bury in the ground, bury feelings, bury treasure, deeply buried, burial site, buried alive, burial ceremony, bury evidence * **Verb Forms:** bury – buried – have/has buried * **Phrasal Verbs:** None common

Question 26

Butcher, Buzzword, Bracelet, Breakthrough, Blend

Answer 26

**1. Butcher** * **Meaning & Usage:** Noun: A person who prepares and sells meat. Verb: To kill or cut up animals for meat; also to ruin or perform something badly. **Persian:** (اسم) قصاب (فعل) قصابی کردن، بد اجرا کردن، خراب کردن * **Pronunciation:** /ˈbʊtʃər/ Phonetic: باتچر * **Example Sentences:** 1. The butcher sells fresh meat every morning. 2. He butchered the speech with many mistakes. 3. The butcher prepared the lamb for the customers. * **Synonyms:** meat cutter, slaughterer, carnivore (rare, figurative), ruin, spoil (verb meaning) * **Common Prepositions:** **at** – Butcher at the market **by** – Butchered by a novice **for** – Butcher for the restaurant * **Word Family:** Noun: butcher – *The butcher works early hours.* Verb: butcher – *He butchered the report.* Adjective (rare): butchery – *The butchery industry is growing.* * **Opposite:** cook, chef Example: The chef cooked the meat perfectly, unlike the butcher who ruined it. * **Related Words:** butchery, slaughterer, meat cutter, meat market, carcass, cut, fillet, chop, butcher shop, abattoir, slaughterhouse * **Semantic Field:** meat, food preparation, cooking, killing, animal processing, food industry, market, cutting, selling, profession * **Common Collocations:** butchery, butcher shop, local butcher, skilled butcher, butcher meat, butcher animal, butchered badly, butcher’s block, butcher knife, butcher’s bill, butchered carcass --- **2. Buzzword** * **Meaning & Usage:** Noun: A trendy or popular word or phrase often used in a particular context or industry to impress or persuade. **Persian:** واژه رایج، واژه مد روز، اصطلاح پرکاربرد * **Pronunciation:** /ˈbʌzˌwɜːrd/ Phonetic: بَز-وِرد * **Example Sentences:** 1. "Synergy" is a common buzzword in business meetings. 2. Many companies use buzzwords to attract customers. 3. The report was full of buzzwords but lacked real content. * **Synonyms:** catchphrase, jargon, trendy term, hype word, phrase * **Common Prepositions:** **in** – Buzzwords in marketing **of** – Buzzwords of the tech industry **about** – Buzzwords about innovation * **Word Family:** Noun: buzzword – *Buzzwords often lose meaning over time.* * **Opposite:** plain language, straightforward term Example: Instead of buzzwords, use plain language for clarity. * **Related Words:** jargon, cliché, phrase, idiom, slogan, catchphrase, term, expression, terminology, cliché * **Semantic Field:** language, communication, trends, marketing, business, terminology, speech, expression, popularity, jargon * **Common Collocations:** common buzzword, popular buzzword, business buzzword, marketing buzzword, tech buzzword, corporate buzzword, buzzword usage, buzzword culture, buzzword bingo, buzzword filled --- **3. Bracelet** * **Meaning & Usage:** Noun: A piece of jewelry worn around the wrist. **Persian:** دستبند، النگو * **Pronunciation:** /ˈbreɪslət/ Phonetic: بریس‌لِت * **Example Sentences:** 1. She wore a gold bracelet on her wrist. 2. The bracelet was a gift from her grandmother. 3. He bought a silver bracelet at the market. * **Synonyms:** wristband, bangle, cuff, armlet, band * **Common Prepositions:** **on** – Bracelet on her wrist **with** – Bracelet with diamonds **for** – Bracelet for a gift * **Word Family:** Noun: bracelet – *The bracelet matched her necklace.* Adjective: bracelet-like (rare) – *She wore a bracelet-like chain.* * **Opposite:** (no direct opposite) * **Related Words:** necklace, ring, earring, jewelry, pendant, anklet, charm, cufflink, band, ornament * **Semantic Field:** jewelry, accessories, fashion, adornment, metalwork, gifts, decoration, style, precious stones, craftsmanship * **Common Collocations:** gold bracelet, silver bracelet, charm bracelet, diamond bracelet, leather bracelet, friendship bracelet, bracelet on wrist, expensive bracelet, handmade bracelet, bracelet gift --- **4. Breakthrough** * **Meaning & Usage:** Noun: A sudden, important discovery or development that solves a problem or advances knowledge. **Persian:** پیشرفت بزرگ، دستاورد مهم، گشایش * **Pronunciation:** /ˈbreɪkˌθruː/ Phonetic: بریک‌ثرو * **Example Sentences:** 1. The scientist made a breakthrough in cancer research. 2. Their team achieved a major breakthrough last year. 3. Breakthroughs in technology change the way we live. * **Synonyms:** advance, discovery, innovation, development, leap * **Common Prepositions:** **in** – Breakthrough in medicine **for** – Breakthrough for the company **on** – Breakthrough on the project * **Word Family:** Noun: breakthrough – *The breakthrough led to new treatments.* Adjective: breakthrough (used attributively) – *A breakthrough discovery* * **Opposite:** setback, failure Example: The project was a setback, not a breakthrough. * **Related Words:** discovery, innovation, progress, leap, advancement, development, revolution, improvement, milestone, success * **Semantic Field:** science, progress, success, discovery, innovation, research, technology, medicine, achievement, solution * **Common Collocations:** major breakthrough, scientific breakthrough, medical breakthrough, technological breakthrough, breakthrough discovery, breakthrough moment, breakthrough achievement, breakthrough research, breakthrough innovation, breakthrough development --- **5. Blend** * **Meaning & Usage:** Verb: To mix two or more substances or qualities together. Noun: A mixture of different things. **Persian:** (فعل) ترکیب کردن، مخلوط کردن (اسم) ترکیب، مخلوط * **Pronunciation:** /blend/ Phonetic: بلند * **Example Sentences:** 1. She blends different colors to create a unique shade. 2. The coffee is a blend of beans from several countries. 3. Blend the ingredients until smooth. * **Synonyms:** mix, combine, merge, fuse, mingle * **Common Prepositions:** **with** – Blend with water **of** – Blend of spices **into** – Blend into the background * **Word Family:** Verb: blend – *They blend the ingredients well.* Noun: blend – *This tea is a blend of herbs.* Adjective (rare): blending – *Blending techniques are important.* * **Opposite:** separate, divide, isolate Example: The ingredients remained separate and did not blend. * **Related Words:** mixture, combination, fusion, amalgam, compound, integration, synthesis, mix, homogenize, meld * **Semantic Field:** mixing, combining, cooking, chemistry, art, integration, unity, harmony, synthesis, blending * **Common Collocations:** blend of flavors, blend in, blend together, perfect blend, blend of cultures, blend of colors, blend of spices, smooth blend, blend of ingredients, blend with environment * **Verb Forms:** blend – blended – have/has blended * **Phrasal Verbs:** blend in – *He tried to blend in with the crowd.* blend together – *The colors blend together beautifully.*

Question 27

Bucket