Cat I Flashcards

Question

Instruct, Instrument, Insult, Insure, Instance

Answer 1

**1. Instruct** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To teach, direct, or order someone to do something; often used in educational, professional, or formal settings. **Persian Translations:** آموزش دادن، دستور دادن، راهنمایی کردن، تعلیم دادن، مامور کردن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈstrʌkt/ — این‌استراکت **Examples:**\*\* 1. The teacher instructed the students on how to solve the problem. 2. He was instructed to report to the manager immediately. 3. The manual instructs users on how to assemble the furniture. **Synonyms:** teach, direct, order, guide, command, train, educate **Common Prepositions:** * *Instruct in*: Instructed in mathematics. * *Instruct to*: Instructed to leave the room. * *Instruct on*: Instructed on safety procedures. **Word Family:** * Verb: instruct → They instruct new employees. * Noun: instruction → Follow the instructions carefully. * Adjective: instructive → An instructive video * Present participle adjective: instructing → The instructing teacher * Past participle adjective: instructed → The instructed students * Adverb: instructively (rare) * Negative form: uninstructed → Uninstructed people **Related Words:** teach, educate, guide, direct, command, order, train, tutor, coach, lecture **Semantic Field:** education, teaching, guidance, training, learning, direction, orders, commands, instructions, information **Collocations:** instruct students, instruct employees, instruct carefully, instruct clearly, detailed instructions, oral instructions, follow instructions, give instructions, written instructions, instructor guide **Verb Forms:** * Present: instruct * Past: instructed * Present Perfect: have/has instructed * Agent noun: instructor * Object noun: instruction **Phrasal Verbs:** No common phrasal verbs. --- **2. Instrument** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun* – A tool or device used for a particular purpose, especially scientific, medical, or musical instruments; can also mean a means or agency to achieve something. **Persian Translations:** ابزار، وسیله، دستگاه، ساز موسیقی، ابزار علمی، وسیله‌ای برای انجام کار **Pronunciation:** /ˈɪn.strə.mənt/ — اینسترومِنت **Examples:**\*\* 1. The doctor used a special instrument to examine the patient. 2. The guitar is a popular musical instrument. 3. Legal contracts are instruments of agreement. **Synonyms:** tool, device, apparatus, apparatus, implement, gadget, means, mechanism, utensil, appliance **Common Prepositions:** * *Instrument for*: An instrument for measuring temperature. * *Instrument of*: An instrument of peace. * *Instrument in*: Instrument in achieving goals. **Word Family:** * Noun: instrument → A delicate instrument * Adjective: instrumental → He played an instrumental role * Adverb: instrumentally (rare) **Related Words:** tool, device, apparatus, implement, gadget, mechanism, equipment, appliance, utensil, contraption **Semantic Field:** tools, devices, equipment, machinery, gadgets, implements, technology, means, instruments, apparatus **Collocations:** musical instrument, surgical instrument, measuring instrument, legal instrument, scientific instrument, instrument panel, instrument maker, instrument technician, delicate instrument, instrument case --- **3. Insult** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun/Verb* – As a noun, a disrespectful or offensive remark or action; as a verb, to speak or act in a way that is disrespectful or offensive to someone. **Persian Translations:** تحقیر، توهین، توهین کردن، تحقیر کردن، بی‌احترامی **Pronunciation:** /ˈɪn.sʌlt/ (noun), /ɪnˈsʌlt/ (verb) — اینسالت (noun), اینسالت (verb) **Examples:**\*\* 1. It was an insult to say that about her. 2. He insulted his opponent during the debate. 3. She felt deeply insulted by his rude behavior. **Synonyms:** offend, disrespect, slight, affront, put down, humiliate, abuse **Common Prepositions:** * *Insult to*: An insult to my intelligence. * *Insult by*: Insulted by his comments. * *Insult on*: An insult on her character. **Word Family:** * Noun: insult → The insult was uncalled for. * Verb: insult → Don’t insult your guests. * Adjective: insulting → An insulting remark * Adverb: insultingly (rare) * Negative: respectful (opposite) **Related Words:** offense, abuse, affront, humiliation, disrespect, rudeness, slight, mockery, sarcasm, insult **Semantic Field:** offense, disrespect, abuse, humiliation, rudeness, mockery, sarcasm, insult, slight, provocation **Collocations:** insult someone, direct insult, verbal insult, insult deeply, feel insulted, rude insult, personal insult, open insult, insult openly, insulting behavior **Verb Forms:** * Present: insult * Past: insulted * Present Perfect: have/has insulted * Agent noun: insulter (rare) * Object noun: insult **Phrasal Verbs:** No common phrasal verbs. --- **4. Insure** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To arrange for compensation or protection against loss, damage, illness, or death through an insurance policy; also means to guarantee or secure something. **Persian Translations:** بیمه کردن، تضمین کردن، اطمینان حاصل کردن، تضمین دادن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈʃʊr/ (US) or /ɪnˈʃɔːr/ (UK) — این‌شور **Examples:**\*\* 1. I insured my car against theft. 2. The company insured the shipment against damage. 3. You should insure your health with a good policy. **Synonyms:** guarantee, protect, cover, secure, safeguard, indemnify **Common Prepositions:** * *Insure against*: Insure against fire damage. * *Insure for*: Insured for a million dollars. * *Insure with*: Insured with a reputable company. **Word Family:** * Verb: insure → They insure their homes. * Noun: insurance → Health insurance is essential. * Adjective: insurable → Insurable risks * Noun (agent): insurer → The insurer paid the claim * Adverb: insurably (rare) **Related Words:** insurance, policy, premium, coverage, indemnity, claim, insurer, risk, protection, guarantee **Semantic Field:** insurance, protection, risk, compensation, coverage, guarantee, indemnity, security, finance, claims **Collocations:** insure against, insure property, insure vehicle, insure health, insure life, insure risk, insure with, insure policy, insurance claim, insurance coverage **Verb Forms:** * Present: insure * Past: insured * Present Perfect: have/has insured * Agent noun: insurer * Object noun: insurance **Phrasal Verbs:** No common phrasal verbs. --- **5. Instance** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun* – A particular example or occurrence of something; used in both formal and informal contexts to indicate a specific case or situation. **Persian Translations:** نمونه، مورد، نمونه خاص، مثال، مورد خاص **Pronunciation:** /ˈɪn.stəns/ — اینستِنس **Examples:**\*\* 1. There are many instances of this problem worldwide. 2. For instance, we can see the effects in this case. 3. This is a clear instance of bad management. **Synonyms:** example, case, occurrence, illustration, sample, situation, event, precedent, episode, demonstration **Common Prepositions:** * *Instance of*: An instance of fraud. * *For instance*: For instance, consider this example. * *In instance*: (rare) — no common usage **Word Family:** * Noun: instance → An unusual instance * Adjective: instanced (rare, in legal/technical texts) * Verb (rare): instance (to cite example, legal usage) **Related Words:** example, case, occurrence, event, situation, sample, illustration, precedent, demonstration, model **Semantic Field:** examples, cases, occurrences, events, illustrations, situations, precedents, samples, models, demonstrations **Collocations:** for instance, clear instance, typical instance, rare instance, common instance, notable instance, instance of fraud, instance of abuse, instance of failure, instance of success

Answer 2

**1. Intake** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun* – The act of taking in something, especially food, drink, air, or information; also refers to the amount taken in. Common in health, nutrition, engineering, and education contexts. **Persian Translations:** ورودی، مقدار مصرف، دریافت، جذب، مقدار ورودی، مقدار مصرف شده **Pronunciation:** /ˈɪn.teɪk/ — این‌تِیک **Examples:** 1. You should reduce your daily intake of sugar. 2. The engine's air intake was blocked. 3. The college's intake of students has increased this year. **Synonyms:** consumption, absorption, ingestion, reception, admission, input, intake **Common Prepositions:** * *Intake of*: Intake of calories * *Intake for*: Intake for this period * *Intake by*: Intake by the body **Word Family:** * Noun: intake → The air intake * Adjective: (none common) * Verb (rare): intake (not common as verb) * No direct adjective or adverb forms **Related Words:** consumption, absorption, ingestion, nutrition, admission, input, intake valve, intake manifold, ingestion rate, feed **Semantic Field:** nutrition, consumption, admission, absorption, ingestion, breathing, airflow, input, intake, supply **Collocations:** daily intake, calorie intake, water intake, air intake, nutrient intake, intake valve, intake system, intake amount, intake capacity, intake rate --- **2. Intellectual** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective/Noun* – Related to the intellect or understanding; a person who uses or values intelligence, especially in academic or cultural matters. Used often in educational, philosophical, and cultural contexts. **Persian Translations:** عقلی، فکری، ذهنی، روشنفکر، اهل فکر، اهل مطالعه **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪn.təˈlek.tʃu.əl/ — اینتِلِکچوال **Examples:**\*\* 1. She enjoys intellectual discussions about philosophy. 2. The book challenges your intellectual abilities. 3. He is known as a prominent intellectual in the community. **Synonyms:** mental, cognitive, cerebral, scholarly, academic, rational, thoughtful **Common Prepositions:** * *Intellectual about*: Intellectual about complex ideas (rare) * *Intellectual capacity*: Intellectual capacity for learning * *Intellectual of*: Intellectual of the generation **Word Family:** * Noun: intellect → His intellect is sharp. * Adjective: intellectual → An intellectual person * Adverb: intellectually → She is intellectually curious. * Noun (person): intellectual → A respected intellectual * Negative form: unintellectual (rare) **Related Words:** intellect, cognition, brainpower, wisdom, scholar, thinker, education, knowledge, rationality, logic **Semantic Field:** intelligence, knowledge, thinking, reasoning, learning, wisdom, cognition, scholarship, academia, mind **Collocations:** intellectual abilities, intellectual development, intellectual debate, intellectual curiosity, intellectual property, intellectual pursuits, intellectual life, intellectual capacity, intellectual challenge, intellectual community --- **3. Intelligent** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective* – Having or showing intelligence, quick to understand, learn, or apply knowledge; used to describe people, animals, machines, or ideas. **Persian Translations:** باهوش، هوشمند، زیرک، زرنگ، فهمیده **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒənt/ — اینتِلیجِنت **Examples:**\*\* 1. She is an intelligent student who learns quickly. 2. The intelligent system can adapt to new conditions. 3. Intelligent people often ask many questions. **Synonyms:** smart, clever, bright, brainy, knowledgeable, sharp, quick-witted **Common Prepositions:** * *Intelligent about*: Intelligent about technology * *Intelligent in*: Intelligent in problem-solving * *Intelligent at*: Intelligent at math **Word Family:** * Adjective: intelligent → An intelligent decision * Noun: intelligence → High intelligence is useful. * Adverb: intelligently → He spoke intelligently. * Noun (person): intelligent (rare as noun), commonly: intelligent person * Negative form: unintelligent → An unintelligent remark **Related Words:** clever, bright, smart, wise, sharp, brainy, quick, learned, knowledgeable, genius **Semantic Field:** intelligence, knowledge, learning, cleverness, wisdom, brainpower, understanding, cognition, reasoning, mental ability **Collocations:** intelligent decision, intelligent design, intelligent system, intelligent response, intelligent choice, highly intelligent, intelligent behavior, intelligent student, intelligent analysis, intelligent conversation --- **4. Intend** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To have a plan or purpose to do something; to aim or mean to do. Commonly used in everyday speech and writing. **Persian Translations:** قصد داشتن، در نظر داشتن، نیت داشتن، منظور داشتن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈtend/ — این‌تِند **Examples:**\*\* 1. I intend to finish my work by tomorrow. 2. They intended to start the project last month. 3. She intends to apply for the scholarship. **Synonyms:** plan, aim, mean, purpose, propose, design, contemplate, intent **Common Prepositions:** * *Intend to*: Intend to visit * *Intend for*: Intended for beginners * *Intend as*: Intended as a joke **Word Family:** * Verb: intend → They intend to succeed. * Noun: intention, intent → His intention was clear. * Adjective: intentional → An intentional act * Adverb: intentionally → She intentionally ignored the warning. * Negative form: unintentional → An unintentional mistake **Related Words:** plan, aim, purpose, goal, objective, intention, resolve, design, ambition, target **Semantic Field:** planning, purpose, goals, intentions, aims, desires, decisions, objectives, strategies, ambitions **Collocations:** intended destination, intended victim, intended target, intend to do, intend for, intend as, clear intention, good intention, original intention, intend purposefully, intend deliberately, intend strongly, intend firmly **Verb Forms:** * Present: intend * Past: intended * Present Perfect: have/has intended * Agent noun: (none) * Object noun: intention **Phrasal Verbs:** No common phrasal verbs. --- **5. Intense** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective* – Very strong, extreme, or powerful in degree or feeling; used to describe emotions, situations, colors, heat, effort, or concentration. **Persian Translations:** شدید، قوی، پرشور، شدیداً، شدیدالحرارت، عمیق، سخت **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈtens/ — اینتِنس **Examples:**\*\* 1. The heat was so intense that the ground cracked. 2. She felt intense joy after hearing the news. 3. The competition was intense and exciting. **Synonyms:** extreme, strong, fierce, powerful, deep, severe, acute **Common Prepositions:** * *Intense about*: Intense about winning * *Intense in*: Intense in his focus * *Intense with*: Intense with emotion **Word Family:** * Adjective: intense → An intense workout * Noun: intensity → The intensity was overwhelming. * Adverb: intensely → He was intensely focused. * Negative form: (no common direct opposite adjective; "mild" used contextually) **Related Words:** extreme, powerful, strong, severe, fierce, acute, passionate, profound, concentrated, overwhelming **Semantic Field:** strength, power, emotions, feelings, force, heat, energy, concentration, severity, passion **Collocations:** intense heat, intense pressure, intense emotion, intense focus, intense competition, intense effort, intense pain, intense color, intense feelings, intense debate

Answer 3

**1. Intensive** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective* – Involving a lot of effort, energy, or concentration in a short time; also used in agriculture and education to describe focused or high-effort methods. **Persian Translations:** فشرده، شدید، پر تلاش، متمرکز، سنگین، عمیق **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈten.sɪv/ — این‌تِنسیو **Examples:** 1. She took an intensive English course last summer. 2. The treatment required intensive care. 3. It was an intensive training program. **Synonyms:** thorough, concentrated, exhaustive, focused, vigorous, demanding **Common Prepositions:** * *Intensive care*: He is in intensive care. * *Intensive course*: She enrolled in an intensive course. * *Intensive training*: The team went through intensive training. **Word Family:** * Adjective: intensive → An intensive program * Present participle adj.: intensifying → Intensifying pressure * Past participle adj.: intensified → Intensified rivalry * Adverb: intensively → He studied intensively. * Noun: intensity → The intensity of the storm * Negative form: non-intensive (rare) **Related Words:** intense, intensity, intensify, intensively, effortful, focused, vigorous, concentrated, energetic, exhaustive **Semantic Field:** effort, training, learning, pressure, depth, energy, force, urgency, medical care, development **Collocations:** intensive care, intensive training, intensive course, intensive farming, intensive effort, intensive study, intensive treatment, intensive labor, intensive program, intensive phase --- **2. Intentional** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective* – Done on purpose; planned or deliberate, especially to describe actions meant to achieve a specific outcome. **Persian Translations:** عمدی، از روی قصد، آگاهانه، برنامه‌ریزی‌شده **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈten.ʃən.əl/ — اینتِنشِنال **Examples:** 1. That was an intentional act of sabotage. 2. He made an intentional effort to help. 3. Her comment seemed intentional, not accidental. **Synonyms:** deliberate, purposeful, willful, planned, premeditated, conscious **Common Prepositions:** * *Intentional about*: He is intentional about his time. * *Intentional with*: She is intentional with her words. * *Intentional in*: He was intentional in his decisions. **Word Family:** * Noun: intention → His intention was clear. * Adjective: intentional → An intentional action * Adverb: intentionally → He intentionally misled us. * Negative form: unintentional → It was an unintentional mistake. **Related Words:** intention, intentionality, deliberately, purposefully, premeditated, conscious, considered, mindful, calculated, willful **Semantic Field:** purpose, planning, thought, decision, strategy, control, motive, foresight, awareness, action **Collocations:** intentional act, intentional behavior, intentional effort, intentional design, intentional mistake, intentional damage, intentional strategy, be intentional, done intentionally, act intentionally --- **3. Intently** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adverb* – With close attention, concentration, or focus; often refers to how someone listens, looks, or behaves when fully engaged. **Persian Translations:** با دقت، با تمرکز، به طور مشتاقانه، با توجه کامل **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈtent.li/ — اینتِنتلی **Examples:** 1. She listened intently to every word. 2. He stared intently at the screen. 3. The children watched the magician intently. **Synonyms:** attentively, closely, carefully, earnestly, fixedly, concentratedly **Common Prepositions:** * *Intently on*: He looked intently on the road. * *Intently at*: She stared intently at the clock. * *Intently to*: He listened intently to the instructions. **Word Family:** * Adjective: intent → An intent look * Noun: intention → He had good intentions. * Adverb: intently → He listened intently. * Negative form: (no standard negative form) **Related Words:** focus, attention, concentration, observation, scrutiny, carefulness, seriousness, gaze, engagement, mindfulness **Semantic Field:** focus, attention, listening, watching, concentration, awareness, engagement, seriousness, care, mindfulness **Collocations:** look intently, stare intently, listen intently, watch intently, gaze intently, follow intently, focus intently, speak intently, observe intently, study intently --- **4. Interact** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To communicate or act in response to another person, thing, or system; common in social, educational, and technical contexts. **Persian Translations:** تعامل داشتن، ارتباط برقرار کردن، واکنش نشان دادن، برخورد داشتن **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪn.təˈrækt/ — اینتِرَکت **Examples:** 1. Children need opportunities to interact with their peers. 2. The software can interact with multiple devices. 3. He rarely interacts with strangers. **Synonyms:** communicate, engage, connect, collaborate, associate, respond **Common Prepositions:** * *Interact with*: Interact with customers * *Interact through*: Interact through messaging apps * *Interact via*: Interact via email **Word Family:** * Verb: interact → They interact often. * Present participle adj.: interacting → Interacting agents * Past participle adj.: interacted (rare as adj.) * Noun: interaction → Human interaction is vital. * Adjective: interactive → An interactive app * Adverb: interactively → Students learn interactively * Negative form: non-interactive **Verb Forms:** * Present: interact * Past: interacted * Present perfect: have/has interacted * Subject: I/you/he/she interact(s) * Agent noun: interactor (rare) * Object noun: interaction **Phrasal Verbs:** No standard phrasal verbs. **Related Words:** interaction, interactive, interface, communicate, engagement, collaboration, connection, exchange, participation, response **Semantic Field:** communication, collaboration, connection, engagement, sharing, teamwork, behavior, relation, exchange, participation **Collocations:** interact with, interact through, interact online, social interaction, interact in real-time, interact naturally, interact directly, interact effectively, interact positively, human interaction --- **5. Intercept** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To stop, catch, or take something or someone before it arrives or reaches a destination; used in military, sports, and communication contexts. **Persian Translations:** جلوگیری کردن، قطع کردن، رهگیری کردن، متوقف کردن، گرفتن در بین راه **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪn.təˈsept/ — اینتِر‌سِپت **Examples:** 1. The police intercepted the package before it reached its destination. 2. He intercepted the ball just before the goal. 3. The signal was intercepted by intelligence agents. **Synonyms:** block, stop, catch, seize, detain, interrupt, cut off **Common Prepositions:** * *Intercept from*: Intercept a message from the enemy * *Intercept before*: Intercept before delivery * *Intercept by*: Intercepted by radar **Word Family:** * Verb: intercept → They tried to intercept the call. * Present participle adj.: intercepting → Intercepting missile * Past participle adj.: intercepted → The intercepted data * Noun: interception → The interception was successful. * Agent noun: interceptor → The interceptor aircraft * Adjective: interceptive (rare) * Negative form: non-intercepting (rare) **Verb Forms:** * Present: intercept * Past: intercepted * Present perfect: have/has intercepted * Subject: I/you/he/she intercept(s) * Agent noun: interceptor * Object noun: interception **Phrasal Verbs:** No standard phrasal verbs. **Related Words:** interception, block, seize, interrupt, detain, stop, capture, interfere, prevent, cut off **Semantic Field:** military, security, signal, defense, prevention, interruption, surveillance, aviation, communication, control **Collocations:** intercept the ball, intercept a signal, intercept a message, intercept enemy forces, successful interception, radar intercept, intercept data, intercept transmission, intercept package, intercept communication

Answer 4

**1. Interchangeably** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adverb* – In a way that two or more things can be used instead of each other without changing the meaning or function; common in language, tools, or concepts. **Persian Translations:** به صورت قابل تعویض، به‌طور جایگزین‌پذیر، به صورت متناوب، قابل جابه‌جایی **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪn.təˈtʃeɪn.dʒə.bli/ — اینتِر‌چِینجِبلی **Examples:** 1. The terms "big" and "large" are often used interchangeably. 2. These parts can be used interchangeably. 3. The two systems function interchangeably. **Synonyms:** alternatively, reciprocally, equivalently, mutually, substitutably **Common Prepositions:** * *Used interchangeably with*: “Owner” is used interchangeably with “holder.” * *Function interchangeably in*: These tools function interchangeably in practice. **Word Family:** * Adjective: interchangeable → Interchangeable parts * Adverb: interchangeably → Used interchangeably * Noun: interchangeability → The interchangeability of roles * Verb: interchange → They interchange positions * Negative form: non-interchangeable → These parts are non-interchangeable. **Related Words:** interchange, interchangeable, swap, substitute, exchangeable, equivalent, replaceable, alternately, reciprocally, substitutable **Semantic Field:** substitution, flexibility, options, replacement, equivalence, tools, parts, terms, usage, roles **Collocations:** used interchangeably, function interchangeably, interchangeable terms, interchangeable parts, interchangeable concepts, interchangeable use, interchangeable roles, not used interchangeably, act interchangeably, speak interchangeably --- **2. Interfere** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To get involved in a situation where one is not wanted or needed, often causing disruption or conflict; used in personal, political, or technical contexts. **Persian Translations:** دخالت کردن، مزاحمت ایجاد کردن، مانع شدن، مداخله کردن **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪn.təˈfɪər/ — اینتِرفیر **Examples:** 1. Don’t interfere in their personal matters. 2. The noise interferes with my concentration. 3. He was accused of interfering with the investigation. **Synonyms:** meddle, intrude, intervene, disrupt, tamper, obstruct **Common Prepositions:** * *Interfere with*: The noise interferes with his sleep. * *Interfere in*: Don't interfere in their relationship. * *Interfere by*: He interfered by calling the manager. **Word Family:** * Verb: interfere → Don't interfere. * Present participle adj.: interfering → An interfering neighbor * Past participle adj.: interfered (rare as adj.) * Noun: interference → Radio interference * Adjective: interfering → Interfering attitude * Negative form: non-interfering → A non-interfering policy **Verb Forms:** * Present: interfere * Past: interfered * Present perfect: have/has interfered * Subject: I/you/he/she interfere(s) * Agent noun: interferer (rare) * Object noun: interference **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Interfere with*: The medication may interfere with sleep. * *Interfere in*: He interfered in the process. **Related Words:** interference, interfering, meddle, intervene, disrupt, obstruct, tamper, disturb, intrude, conflict **Semantic Field:** conflict, disruption, obstruction, intervention, disturbance, interruption, involvement, control, influence, manipulation **Collocations:** interfere with, interfere in, avoid interference, government interference, external interference, interference problem, interfering behavior, constant interference, political interference, radio interference --- **3. Intermediate** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective/Noun* – As *adjective*, it means being in the middle between two levels, stages, or positions; As *noun*, it refers to someone who is at a middle skill level. **Persian Translations:** میانی، متوسط، میانه، حد وسط، سطح متوسط، نیمه‌پیشرفته **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪn.təˈmiː.di.ət/ — اینتِرمیدیات **Examples:** 1. He’s at an intermediate level in Spanish. 2. This course is for intermediate learners. 3. We’ll stop at an intermediate station. **Synonyms:** mid-level, middle, average, transitional, moderate **Common Prepositions:** * *Intermediate between*: The compound is intermediate between solid and liquid. * *Intermediate level*: She studies at an intermediate level. **Word Family:** * Noun: intermediate → He is an intermediate. * Adjective: intermediate → Intermediate skill * Adverb: intermediately (rare) * Verb: intermediate (rare and technical) * Negative form: none **Related Words:** mid-level, moderate, transitional, middle, semi-skilled, average, intermediary, midrange, medium, halfway **Semantic Field:** levels, skills, stages, education, hierarchy, range, transition, progress, training, improvement **Collocations:** intermediate level, intermediate course, intermediate learner, intermediate stage, intermediate steps, intermediate skills, intermediate range, intermediate phase, intermediate result, intermediate target --- **4. Interpret** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To explain the meaning of something; also to translate spoken words between languages; used in analysis, performance, and communication. **Persian Translations:** تفسیر کردن، تعبیر کردن، ترجمه کردن (شفاهی)، معنا کردن، برداشت کردن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈtɜː.prɪt/ — اینتِرپرت **Examples:** 1. Can you interpret this data? 2. She interpreted the poem beautifully. 3. He interpreted the speech into Spanish. **Synonyms:** explain, translate, clarify, define, render, understand **Common Prepositions:** * *Interpret as*: I interpreted his silence as agreement. * *Interpret for*: She interpreted for the tourist. * *Interpret in*: He interpreted the story in his own way. **Word Family:** * Verb: interpret → Please interpret the results. * Present participle adj.: interpreting → An interpreting student * Past participle adj.: interpreted → A poorly interpreted scene * Noun: interpretation → His interpretation was accurate. * Noun (person): interpreter → A professional interpreter * Adjective: interpretive → An interpretive sign * Negative form: misinterpret → Don’t misinterpret my words. **Verb Forms:** * Present: interpret * Past: interpreted * Present perfect: have/has interpreted * Subject: I/you/he/she interpret(s) * Agent noun: interpreter * Object noun: interpretation **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Interpret as*: The teacher interpreted the gesture as disrespect. * *Misinterpret*: They misinterpreted her tone. **Related Words:** interpretation, interpreter, interpretive, misinterpret, explain, analyze, clarify, decode, define, render **Semantic Field:** language, meaning, understanding, explanation, translation, analysis, communication, decoding, culture, context **Collocations:** interpret as, interpret data, interpret correctly, interpret meaning, interpret results, interpret differently, interpret literally, accurate interpretation, skilled interpreter, misinterpret message --- **5. Interrogate** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To formally question someone thoroughly and aggressively, especially by police or military; also used in data contexts. **Persian Translations:** بازجویی کردن، پرس‌وجو کردن، سؤال‌پیچ کردن، تحت بازپرسی قرار دادن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈter.ə.ɡeɪt/ — اینتِرِگِیت **Examples:** 1. The suspect was interrogated by the police. 2. They interrogated him for hours. 3. The software can interrogate the database. **Synonyms:** question, examine, grill, probe, cross-examine, interview **Common Prepositions:** * *Interrogate about*: They interrogated him about the incident. * *Interrogate for*: He was interrogated for two hours. * *Interrogate by*: He was interrogated by intelligence officers. **Word Family:** * Verb: interrogate → Police will interrogate the witness. * Present participle adj.: interrogating → Interrogating agents * Past participle adj.: interrogated → Interrogated suspect * Noun: interrogation → The interrogation lasted hours. * Noun (person): interrogator → A harsh interrogator * Adjective: interrogative → An interrogative sentence * Negative form: non-interrogative (rare) **Verb Forms:** * Present: interrogate * Past: interrogated * Present perfect: have/has interrogated * Subject: I/you/he/she interrogate(s) * Agent noun: interrogator * Object noun: interrogation **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Interrogate about*: They interrogated her about the money. * *Interrogate on*: He was interrogated on national security. **Related Words:** interrogation, interrogator, question, examine, investigate, probe, cross-examine, scrutinize, grill, inquire **Semantic Field:** investigation, questioning, justice, law enforcement, inquiry, analysis, confession, trial, military, interview **Collocations:** interrogate about, interrogate a suspect, harsh interrogation, prolonged interrogation, be interrogated, police interrogation, intense interrogation, interrogate the witness, skilled interrogator, interrogative tone

Answer 5

**1. Intolerable** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective* – So bad, harsh, or unpleasant that it cannot be accepted or endured. Often used to describe pain, behavior, conditions, or situations. **Persian Translations:** غیرقابل تحمل، طاقت‌فرسا، غیرقابل قبول، غیرقابل تاب‌آوردن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/ — این‌تالرِبِل **Examples:** 1. The heat was intolerable. 2. His behavior became intolerable over time. 3. She found the pain intolerable. **Synonyms:** unbearable, insufferable, unendurable, unacceptable, excruciating **Common Prepositions:** * *Intolerable to*: The noise was intolerable to the neighbors. * *Intolerable for*: These conditions are intolerable for workers. **Word Family:** * Adjective: intolerable → Intolerable noise * Present participle adj.: (none common) * Past participle adj.: (same as adjective) * Adverb: intolerably → It was intolerably loud. * Noun: intolerance → Religious intolerance * Opposite: tolerable → The pain was tolerable. **Related Words:** intolerance, intolerably, intolerant, tolerable, tolerance, sufferable, insufferable, oppressive, unbearable, harsh **Semantic Field:** pain, suffering, discomfort, oppression, hardship, difficulty, severity, pressure, tension, stress **Collocations:** intolerable pain, intolerable behavior, intolerable conditions, intolerable pressure, intolerable heat, intolerable noise, become intolerable, prove intolerable, absolutely intolerable, almost intolerable --- **2. Intonation** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun* – The rise and fall of the voice when speaking; used to convey emotion, intention, or meaning beyond words. Also refers to pitch accuracy in singing or playing instruments. **Persian Translations:** آهنگ صدا، زیر و بمی صدا، نوسان صوتی، لحن گفتار **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪn.təˈneɪ.ʃən/ — اینتُنِی‌شِن **Examples:** 1. Her intonation suggested she was angry. 2. Intonation is important in English questions. 3. The singer had poor intonation. **Synonyms:** tone, pitch, inflection, modulation, accent **Common Prepositions:** * *Intonation of*: The intonation of his voice changed. * *Intonation in*: Intonation in English can change meaning. * *Intonation pattern*: Learn the intonation pattern of questions. **Word Family:** * Noun: intonation → Correct intonation is essential. * Adjective: intonational → Intonational cues help convey emotion. * Adverb: intonationally (rare) * Verb: intone (related) → He intoned the prayer solemnly. * Opposite: monotone → He spoke in a monotone. **Related Words:** tone, pitch, modulation, inflection, accent, speech, rhythm, stress, melody, vocal **Semantic Field:** speech, language, pronunciation, expression, emotion, voice, phonetics, communication, articulation, linguistics **Collocations:** intonation pattern, rising intonation, falling intonation, proper intonation, intonation in speech, correct intonation, natural intonation, intonation of voice, question intonation, intonation training --- **3. Intermediation** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun* – The act of mediating between two parties, especially in business, banking, or conflict resolution; involvement of a third party to facilitate a process. **Persian Translations:** میانجی‌گری، واسطه‌گری، وساطت، دخالت میانجی **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪn.təˌmiː.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ — اینتِرمیدی‌ایشِن **Examples:** 1. Financial intermediation helps channel funds. 2. The dispute was settled through intermediation. 3. Banks play a major role in intermediation. **Synonyms:** mediation, brokerage, negotiation, arbitration, facilitation **Common Prepositions:** * *Intermediation by*: Intermediation by banks is common. * *Intermediation between*: There was intermediation between the buyer and seller. * *Role of intermediation in*: The role of intermediation in economic growth is vital. **Word Family:** * Noun: intermediation → Financial intermediation * Noun (person): intermediary → Acted as an intermediary * Adjective: intermediary → Intermediary services * Verb: intermediate (rare in this meaning) * Opposite: disintermediation → The process of removing intermediaries **Related Words:** mediation, intermediary, broker, arbitrator, negotiator, facilitator, liaison, middleman, arbitrage, consultant **Semantic Field:** business, banking, communication, negotiation, transaction, finance, conflict resolution, law, connection, facilitation **Collocations:** financial intermediation, role of intermediation, intermediation services, effective intermediation, disintermediation trend, intermediation process, intermediation function, credit intermediation, intermediation channels, intermediation between parties --- **4. Introvert** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun/Adjective* – As *noun*, refers to a person who tends to be quiet, reserved, and gains energy from being alone; As *adjective*, describes a personality style or behavior that is inward-focused. **Persian Translations:** درون‌گرا، فرد درون‌گرا، گوشه‌گیر، منزوی، خجالتی **Pronunciation:** /ˈɪn.trə.vɜːt/ — اینترو‌وِرت **Examples:** 1. He’s a classic introvert. 2. As an introvert, I enjoy quiet evenings. 3. She prefers working alone because she's introverted. **Synonyms:** reserved person, loner, shy person, inward-looking person, quiet person **Common Prepositions:** * *Introvert by nature*: He is an introvert by nature. * *Introvert in*: She’s an introvert in social settings. **Word Family:** * Noun: introvert → A quiet introvert * Adjective: introverted → An introverted child * Adverb: introvertedly (rare) * Verb: introvert (rare; technical) * Opposite: extrovert → He’s an extrovert. **Related Words:** introversion, introverted, shy, withdrawn, quiet, reflective, introspective, reserved, solitary, private **Semantic Field:** personality, behavior, social, psychology, traits, character, communication, isolation, emotion, identity **Collocations:** introverted personality, be an introvert, classic introvert, quiet introvert, naturally introverted, introverted child, social introvert, extreme introvert, become introverted, introvert by nature --- **5. Intersection** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun* – A point where two or more things (e.g. roads, lines, ideas) meet or cross; used in mathematics, urban planning, and metaphorical contexts. **Persian Translations:** تقاطع، چهارراه، محل تلاقی، نقطه برخورد، هم‌پوشانی **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪn.təˈsek.ʃən/ — اینتِسِک‌شِن **Examples:** 1. Turn right at the next intersection. 2. The intersection of science and art is fascinating. 3. The police monitored the busy intersection. **Synonyms:** crossing, junction, crossroads, convergence, meeting point **Common Prepositions:** * *Intersection of*: The intersection of two streets. * *At the intersection*: They met at the intersection. * *Near the intersection*: The accident occurred near the intersection. **Word Family:** * Noun: intersection → Traffic stopped at the intersection. * Verb: intersect → The roads intersect here. * Adjective: intersecting → Intersecting lines * Past participle adj.: intersected (rare) * Adverb: (none common) * Opposite: separation (semantic) **Related Words:** intersect, junction, convergence, crossing, overlap, connection, node, contact, overlap, crossroad **Semantic Field:** roads, geometry, meeting, connection, traffic, space, urban planning, geography, direction, structure **Collocations:** traffic intersection, busy intersection, dangerous intersection, intersection of streets, intersection point, intersection of ideas, major intersection, controlled intersection, clear intersection, four-way intersection

Answer 6

**1. Intrude** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To enter a place, situation, or conversation where one is not welcome or invited; often implies interruption, invasion of privacy, or inappropriate involvement. **Persian Translations:** مزاحم شدن، سرزده وارد شدن، فضولی کردن، دخالت کردن، وارد شدن بدون اجازه **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈtruːd/ — اینترود **Examples:** 1. I’m sorry to intrude, but I need to speak with you urgently. 2. Reporters often intrude on celebrities’ privacy. 3. The sound of traffic intruded upon the peaceful evening. **Synonyms:** interfere, interrupt, invade, butt in, barge in **Common Prepositions:** * *Intrude on/upon*: He intruded upon their conversation. * *Intrude into*: She intruded into their private space. **Word Family:** * Verb: intrude → Don’t intrude on our meeting. * Noun: intrusion → The intrusion was unwelcome. * Noun (agent): intruder → An intruder broke into the house. * Adjective: intrusive → His questions were too intrusive. * Adverb: intrusively → He asked intrusively. * Opposite: withdraw → He withdrew from the discussion. **Related Words:** intrusion, intruder, intrusive, interfere, invade, violate, meddle, barge, trespass, butt-in **Semantic Field:** privacy, boundary, interruption, violation, interference, personal space, conflict, behavior, etiquette, communication **Collocations:** intrude on privacy, intrude upon, intrude into space, intrusive thoughts, intrusive behavior, intrusive question, unwanted intruder, avoid intrusion, feel intruded, rude intrusion **Verb Forms:** * Present: intrude * Past: intruded * Present Perfect: have/has intruded * Subject: someone intrudes * Agent noun: intruder * Object noun: intrusion **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Intrude on/upon*: Don’t intrude on their grief. * *Intrude into*: He intruded into their personal matters. --- **2. Intuition** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun* – The ability to understand or know something immediately, without conscious reasoning; a "gut feeling" or instinctive knowledge. **Persian Translations:** شهود، غریزه، بینش درونی، درک شهودی، احساس درونی، حدس **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪn.tjuˈɪʃ.ən/ — اینتیویشن **Examples:** 1. Her intuition told her something was wrong. 2. He relied on intuition rather than logic. 3. Intuition plays a key role in decision-making. **Synonyms:** instinct, insight, perception, sixth sense, hunch **Common Prepositions:** * *Intuition about*: She had an intuition about the outcome. * *Based on intuition*: He made a decision based on intuition. **Word Family:** * Noun: intuition → Trust your intuition. * Adjective: intuitive → She has an intuitive mind. * Adverb: intuitively → He solved the problem intuitively. * Verb: intuit (less common) → I could intuit her emotions. * Opposite: logic, reasoning **Related Words:** intuitive, intuitively, instinct, instinctive, hunch, insight, gut-feeling, perception, sense, subconscious **Semantic Field:** emotion, decision-making, psychology, subconscious, feeling, mind, knowledge, perception, belief, reasoning **Collocations:** strong intuition, rely on intuition, intuitive decision, intuitive understanding, intuition about, trust intuition, intuitive sense, female intuition, natural intuition, based on intuition --- **3. Invent** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To create or design something that has never existed before, especially a device, method, or process; also used for making up false information. **Persian Translations:** اختراع کردن، ابداع کردن، از خود درآوردن، جعل کردن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈvent/ — اینوِنت **Examples:** 1. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. 2. She invented a new recipe. 3. He invented a story to cover his mistake. **Synonyms:** create, devise, innovate, design, fabricate, formulate, forge **Common Prepositions:** * *Invent by*: The device was invented by Edison. * *Invent for*: He invented it for home use. * *Invent in*: Invented in the 19th century. **Word Family:** * Verb: invent → He invented a new app. * Noun: invention → His invention changed the world. * Noun (agent): inventor → He is a famous inventor. * Adjective: inventive → She’s an inventive designer. * Adverb: inventively → She solved it inventively. * Opposite: copy, imitate **Related Words:** invention, inventor, inventive, inventiveness, innovate, innovation, creator, creativity, originality, imagination **Semantic Field:** technology, creativity, design, innovation, science, discovery, originality, development, engineering, research **Collocations:** invent a machine, invent a method, creative inventor, famous invention, new invention, scientific invention, invent a story, inventive idea, inventiveness of, invent from scratch **Verb Forms:** * Present: invent * Past: invented * Present Perfect: have/has invented * Subject: someone invents * Agent noun: inventor * Object noun: invention **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Invent up*: He invented up a lie. * *Invent from scratch*: She invented the device from scratch. --- **4. Inverse** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun/Adjective* – As *noun*, it refers to something that is the opposite in effect, direction, or position; As *adjective*, it describes a reversed relationship, like in mathematics or logic. **Persian Translations:** برعکس، معکوس، وارونه، عکس‌العمل متضاد، متقابل **Pronunciation:** /ˈɪn.vɜːs/ — اینوِرس **Examples:** 1. There’s an inverse relationship between price and demand. 2. The inverse of addition is subtraction. 3. He presented the inverse argument. **Synonyms:** opposite, reverse, converse, contrary, reciprocal **Common Prepositions:** * *Inverse of*: The inverse of a number. * *In inverse proportion to*: Success was in inverse proportion to effort. **Word Family:** * Adjective: inverse → Inverse relationship * Adverb: inversely → Inversely related * Noun: inverse → The inverse was true. * Opposite: direct, forward **Related Words:** inverse, inversely, invert, inversion, opposite, reciprocal, converse, contrary, negative, backward **Semantic Field:** mathematics, logic, contrast, opposition, balance, proportion, symmetry, polarity, direction, relationship **Collocations:** inverse relationship, inverse proportion, inverse function, inverse of, inversely related, inversely proportional, in the inverse, inverse square law, apply the inverse, true inverse --- **5. Inventory** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun/Verb* – As *noun*, it refers to a detailed list of items, especially in stock; As *verb*, it means to make a complete list or count of items. **Persian Translations:** فهرست موجودی، موجودی انبار، سیاهه، صورت‌برداری، شمارش موجودی **Pronunciation:** /ˈɪn.vən.tɔː.ri/ — اینوِنتوری **Examples:** 1. The store is doing an inventory this weekend. 2. Our inventory includes electronics and clothing. 3. They inventory all items twice a year. **Synonyms:** stock, list, catalogue, register, supply, tally **Common Prepositions:** * *Inventory of*: We made an inventory of supplies. * *In inventory*: The item is no longer in inventory. * *Inventory for*: Inventory for the new store is complete. **Word Family:** * Noun: inventory → Inventory control is essential. * Verb: inventory → We need to inventory the goods. * Adjective: inventoried → The inventoried items * Adverb: (none common) * Opposite: shortage, depletion **Related Words:** stock, storage, listing, catalog, warehousing, supply, audit, merchandise, count, equipment **Semantic Field:** business, logistics, supply, retail, organization, warehousing, management, product, operations, accounting **Collocations:** inventory management, take inventory, inventory system, inventory control, inventory levels, inventory list, inventory items, annual inventory, inventory records, inventory tracking **Verb Forms:** * Present: inventory * Past: inventoried * Present Perfect: have/has inventoried * Subject: they inventory items * Agent noun: inventory clerk * Object noun: inventory list **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Inventory out*: The goods were inventoried out for sale. * *Inventory up*: Time to inventory up before peak season.

Answer 7

**1. Invest** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To allocate money, time, effort, or resources into something (e.g., a project, stock, idea) with the expectation of achieving a benefit or profit. **Persian Translations:** سرمایه‌گذاری کردن، وقت صرف کردن، اختصاص دادن، سرمایه گذاشتن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈvest/ — اینوِست **Examples:** 1. She decided to invest in real estate. 2. He invested years of work in that book. 3. They invested heavily in renewable energy. **Synonyms:** finance, fund, allocate, spend, devote, commit **Common Prepositions:** * *Invest in*: He invested in stocks. * *Invest with*: She was invested with new responsibilities. * *Invest for*: They invest for retirement. **Word Family:** * Verb: invest → We invest in technology. * Noun: investment → This was a smart investment. * Noun (agent): investor → Investors are optimistic. * Adjective: invested → She is emotionally invested. * Present participle adjective: investing → Investing people often take risks. * Past participle adjective: invested → He’s deeply invested. * Adverb: (rare) * Opposite: divest → They divested the company assets. **Related Words:** investment, investor, reinvest, divest, asset, equity, finance, fund, capital, stake **Semantic Field:** finance, economy, business, savings, banking, risk, return, profit, ownership, venture **Collocations:** invest in stocks, smart investment, foreign investors, capital investment, invest time, invest money, attract investors, invest heavily, investment strategy, long-term investment **Verb Forms:** * Present: invest * Past: invested * Present Perfect: have/has invested * Subject: she invests * Agent noun: investor * Object noun: investment **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Invest in*: I plan to invest in a startup. * *Invest with*: The king was invested with power. --- **2. Investigate** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To examine a matter, event, or person carefully, often for the purpose of discovering the truth or gathering facts, especially in police or academic contexts. **Persian Translations:** تحقیق کردن، بررسی کردن، رسیدگی کردن، بازجویی کردن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈves.tɪ.ɡeɪt/ — اینوِستیگِیت **Examples:** 1. The police are investigating the crime. 2. We need to investigate the root cause. 3. The journalist investigated the scandal thoroughly. **Synonyms:** examine, inspect, research, probe, analyze, study **Common Prepositions:** * *Investigate into*: They are investigating into the issue. * *Investigate for*: He was investigated for fraud. * *Investigate by*: The matter was investigated by the authorities. **Word Family:** * Verb: investigate → Let’s investigate the issue. * Noun: investigation → The investigation lasted weeks. * Noun (agent): investigator → The investigator questioned him. * Adjective: investigative → Investigative journalism is important. * Present participle adjective: investigating → The investigating officer spoke. * Past participle adjective: investigated → The investigated case was closed. * Adverb: (rare) * Opposite: ignore, overlook **Related Words:** investigation, investigator, examine, inspection, analysis, scrutiny, audit, research, study, inquiry **Semantic Field:** law, science, journalism, inquiry, evidence, facts, reasoning, justice, security, discovery **Collocations:** criminal investigation, police investigation, conduct an investigation, investigate a case, investigating officer, detailed investigation, official investigation, investigate thoroughly, fraud investigation, under investigation **Verb Forms:** * Present: investigate * Past: investigated * Present Perfect: have/has investigated * Subject: they investigate * Agent noun: investigator * Object noun: investigation **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Investigate into*: He investigated into the background. * *Investigate for*: She was investigated for misconduct. --- **3. Invoke** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To call upon something or someone for help or authority; to mention something (like a law, principle, or memory) to support an action or argument. **Persian Translations:** فراخواندن، استناد کردن، درخواست کردن، به کار بردن، متوسل شدن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈvəʊk/ — اینوُک **Examples:** 1. The speaker invoked the memory of past heroes. 2. He invoked his right to remain silent. 3. The law was invoked to justify the ban. **Synonyms:** call upon, appeal to, cite, summon, refer to, use **Common Prepositions:** * *Invoke for*: He invoked help for the cause. * *Invoke by*: A rule invoked by the committee. * *Invoke under*: Invoked under emergency powers. **Word Family:** * Verb: invoke → She invoked a higher authority. * Noun: invocation → The invocation was solemn. * Adjective: invoking (rare) → Invoking spirits is forbidden. * Past participle adjective: invoked → The invoked rule is clear. * Opposite: reject, dismiss **Related Words:** invocation, appeal, refer, cite, summon, enforce, request, authority, principle, decree **Semantic Field:** law, religion, politics, rights, powers, justification, tradition, literature, command, authority **Collocations:** invoke a law, invoke a right, invoke memory, invoke authority, invocation of, invoke the name of, invoke God, invoke support, invoke tradition, power invoked **Verb Forms:** * Present: invoke * Past: invoked * Present Perfect: have/has invoked * Subject: she invokes * Agent noun: invoker (rare) * Object noun: invocation **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Invoke upon*: He invoked a curse upon his enemies. * *Invoke for*: They invoked for support from allies. --- **4. Involve** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To include, engage, or require participation in something; to be a part of a process, situation, or activity. **Persian Translations:** درگیر کردن، شامل شدن، شرکت دادن، پای چیزی را به میان کشیدن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈvɒlv/ — اینوُلو (یا: اینوالو) **Examples:** 1. The project involves several departments. 2. Don’t involve me in your plans. 3. Parenting involves patience and care. **Synonyms:** include, engage, entail, implicate, associate, connect **Common Prepositions:** * *Involve in*: He’s involved in politics. * *Involve with*: She’s involved with a charity. * *Involve by*: He was involved by mistake. **Word Family:** * Verb: involve → This job involves travel. * Noun: involvement → Her involvement is crucial. * Adjective: involved → The issue is very involved. * Present participle adjective: involving → An involving process * Past participle adjective: involved → She was involved in the issue. * Opposite: exclude, avoid **Related Words:** involvement, involved, engaging, participation, complexity, include, associate, connect, complicate, entangle **Semantic Field:** interaction, inclusion, complexity, participation, connection, relation, responsibility, task, emotion, group **Collocations:** deeply involved, involved in, involve someone, involving process, avoid involvement, emotional involvement, personal involvement, involve with, total involvement, political involvement **Verb Forms:** * Present: involve * Past: involved * Present Perfect: have/has involved * Subject: they involve * Agent noun: (none common) * Object noun: involvement **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Be involved in*: He’s involved in a lawsuit. * *Get involved with*: She got involved with the campaign. --- **5. Invert** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To turn something upside down or inside out; to reverse the order, position, or direction of something. **Persian Translations:** وارونه کردن، معکوس کردن، برعکس کردن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈvɜːt/ — اینوِرت **Examples:** 1. Please invert the image before printing. 2. He inverted the order of the list. 3. The number becomes negative when inverted. **Synonyms:** reverse, flip, turn over, upend, transpose **Common Prepositions:** * *Invert in*: The colors were inverted in the process. * *Invert into*: He inverted it into a mirror image. * *Invert by*: Inverted by the device. **Word Family:** * Verb: invert → Invert the order. * Noun: inversion → The inversion confused me. * Noun (agent): inverter (esp. in electronics) → The inverter changed the voltage. * Adjective: inverted → The inverted sentence made no sense. * Adverb: inversely → They are inversely related. * Opposite: maintain, preserve, retain **Related Words:** inversion, inverter, inverted, reverse, opposite, flip, transpose, rotation, backward, opposite **Semantic Field:** mathematics, logic, symmetry, physics, grammar, structure, direction, mechanics, positioning, reversal **Collocations:** invert the image, invert the order, invert the logic, grammatical inversion, invert a number, invert polarity, invert signal, invert into, invert structure, inversely related **Verb Forms:** * Present: invert * Past: inverted * Present Perfect: have/has inverted * Subject: she inverts * Agent noun: inverter * Object noun: inversion **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Invert into*: The object was inverted into its mirror form. * *Invert back*: He inverted the colors back to normal.

Answer 8

**1. Ironic** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective* – Describes a situation, statement, or outcome that is the opposite of what is expected, often in a humorous or subtly mocking way. **Persian Translations:** طعنه‌آمیز، کنایه‌آمیز، عجیب (از جهت غیرمنتظره بودن)، خلاف انتظار **Pronunciation:** /aɪˈrɒnɪk/ — آیرانیک **Examples:** 1. It's ironic that the fire station burned down. 2. She had an ironic smile during the argument. 3. His ironic comment made everyone laugh. **Synonyms:** sarcastic, mocking, sardonic, cynical, wry **Common Prepositions:** * *Ironic about*: He was ironic about his failure. * *Ironic in*: There is something ironic in his apology. **Word Family:** * Adjective: ironic → His tone was ironic. * Present participle adjective: (rare) → An ironically smiling man * Past participle adjective: (same as base) → The ironic outcome surprised us. * Adverb: ironically → Ironically, he succeeded by accident. * Noun: irony → The irony was obvious. * Opposite: sincere, straightforward → His words were sincere. **Related Words:** irony, ironically, sarcasm, sarcastic, satire, sardonic, cynicism, dry humor, ridicule, paradox **Semantic Field:** humor, contradiction, satire, speech, drama, tone, sarcasm, language, unexpectedness, wit **Collocations:** ironic comment, ironic tone, ironic twist, deeply ironic, ironic situation, ironic smile, sound ironic, seem ironic, ironic humor, ironic contrast --- **2. Issue** **Meaning & Usage:** *Noun/Verb* – As *noun*: A subject or problem for discussion, debate, or resolution. As *verb*: To distribute, publish, or give something officially. **Persian Translations:** (اسم) موضوع، مسئله، مشکل، بحث (فعل) صادر کردن، منتشر کردن، ارائه دادن، اعلام کردن **Pronunciation:** /ˈɪʃuː/ — ایشو **Examples:** 1. Climate change is a serious issue. 2. The government will issue new guidelines. 3. They discussed the issue for hours. **Synonyms:** (noun) problem, matter, concern, topic, dispute (verb) publish, release, announce, distribute, deliver **Common Prepositions:** * *Issue of*: The issue of privacy is vital. * *Issue with*: I have an issue with that plan. * *Issue to*: They issued a notice to employees. * *Issue from*: Smoke issued from the chimney. **Word Family:** * Noun: issue → It's a complex issue. * Verb: issue → They will issue the document. * Adjective: issued → The issued report is final. * Present participle adjective: issuing → The issuing authority was clear. * Past participle adjective: issued → The issued certificate is valid. * Opposite: resolve (as verb), solution (as noun) **Related Words:** problem, dispute, publish, release, concern, controversy, statement, alert, matter, declaration **Semantic Field:** government, discussion, publishing, administration, debate, media, law, notification, policy, concern **Collocations:** raise an issue, address an issue, legal issue, health issue, financial issue, issue a statement, issue guidelines, unresolved issue, current issue, issue of concern **Verb Forms:** * Present: issue * Past: issued * Present Perfect: have/has issued * Subject: they issue * Agent noun: issuer → The issuer of the passport * Object noun: issue → The issue was resolved **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Issue out*: They issued out the documents. * *Issue forth*: Smoke issued forth from the engine. --- **3. Irrelevant** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective* – Not related to the subject or situation being considered; not important in a specific context. **Persian Translations:** نامربوط، بی‌ربط، غیرمرتبط، بی‌اهمیت در آن زمینه خاص **Pronunciation:** /ɪˈreləvənt/ — ای‌رِلوِوِنت **Examples:** 1. His comment was completely irrelevant. 2. That question is irrelevant to our topic. 3. She always brings up irrelevant details. **Synonyms:** unrelated, unimportant, extraneous, beside the point, immaterial **Common Prepositions:** * *Irrelevant to*: His opinion is irrelevant to the case. * *Irrelevant in*: The detail is irrelevant in this context. **Word Family:** * Adjective: irrelevant → That’s an irrelevant example. * Adverb: irrelevantly → He spoke irrelevantly. * Noun: irrelevance → The irrelevance was obvious. * Opposite: relevant → It's highly relevant. **Related Words:** irrelevance, irrelevant, irrelevant details, extraneous, unconnected, immaterial, off-topic, diversion, trivial, aside **Semantic Field:** logic, debate, discussion, reasoning, topic, argument, connection, importance, attention, relation **Collocations:** irrelevant detail, irrelevant comment, irrelevant to the topic, totally irrelevant, irrelevant information, irrelevant argument, irrelevant response, become irrelevant, irrelevant data, speak irrelevantly --- **4. Irreversible** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective* – Impossible to change, reverse, or undo; permanent. **Persian Translations:** غیرقابل بازگشت، غیرقابل برگشت، برگشت‌ناپذیر، غیرقابل تغییر **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːsəbl/ — ایریوِرسِبِل **Examples:** 1. Climate change may cause irreversible damage. 2. His decision led to irreversible consequences. 3. The surgery caused irreversible harm. **Synonyms:** irreparable, permanent, unalterable, final, unchangeable **Common Prepositions:** * *Irreversible damage*: The oil spill caused irreversible damage. * *Irreversible to*: The changes are irreversible to the system. **Word Family:** * Adjective: irreversible → The injury is irreversible. * Adverb: irreversibly → The contract was irreversibly signed. * Noun: irreversibility → The irreversibility of death is understood. * Opposite: reversible → The effects are reversible. **Related Words:** irreversible, irreversibly, permanence, permanence, lasting, enduring, eternal, unchangeable, final, fixed **Semantic Field:** permanence, time, damage, effect, decision, change, consequence, loss, inevitability, finality **Collocations:** irreversible damage, irreversible decision, irreversible loss, irreversible harm, irreversible consequence, irreversible effect, irreversible change, act irreversibly, irreversible process, irreversible mistake --- **5. Irregular** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective* – Not following a standard pattern, schedule, or shape; inconsistent or uneven. **Persian Translations:** نامنظم، غیرعادی، غیرمعمول، ناهماهنگ، نابرابر، بی‌قاعده **Pronunciation:** /ɪˈreɡjʊlər/ — ای‌رِگیولِر **Examples:** 1. He has an irregular heartbeat. 2. The trains are running on an irregular schedule. 3. The shape of the stone is irregular. **Synonyms:** uneven, inconsistent, erratic, abnormal, unsteady **Common Prepositions:** * *Irregular in*: He’s irregular in attendance. * *Irregular with*: She is irregular with her payments. **Word Family:** * Adjective: irregular → Irregular verbs are tricky. * Adverb: irregularly → He arrived irregularly. * Noun: irregularity → There was an irregularity in the data. * Opposite: regular → Regular habits are healthy. **Related Words:** irregularity, irregularly, uneven, unsteady, inconsistent, variation, anomaly, deviation, abnormal, unpredictable **Semantic Field:** pattern, consistency, schedule, form, frequency, behavior, rhythm, shape, health, time **Collocations:** irregular schedule, irregular heartbeat, irregular shape, irregular payments, irregular behavior, irregular patterns, speak irregularly, irregular verbs, show irregularities, highly irregular

Answer 9

**1. Iterate** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To repeat a process, action, or set of instructions (often in software development, design, or mathematical operations) to improve or refine results. **Persian Translations:** تکرار کردن، بازگویی کردن، به‌صورت تکراری انجام دادن، بازتکرار کردن **Pronunciation:** /ˈɪtəreɪt/ — اِیتِرِیت **Examples:** 1. We need to iterate the design to meet the client's needs. 2. The function iterates through each element in the list. 3. The process is repeated and iterated until success is achieved. **Synonyms:** repeat, redo, recite, rehearse, loop, cycle **Common Prepositions:** * *Iterate through*: The program iterates through the list. * *Iterate on*: We iterated on the design several times. **Word Family:** * Verb: iterate → We will iterate the solution. * Present participle adjective: iterating → The iterating process is crucial. * Past participle adjective: iterated → The iterated method worked well. * Noun: iteration → This is the third iteration. * Adjective: iterative → An iterative approach was used. * Adverb: iteratively → The system was developed iteratively. * Negative: (not standard) — No widely used negation form. **Related Words:** iteration, iterative, iteratively, repeat, repetition, refine, rerun, cycle, loop, modify **Semantic Field:** software, programming, process, repetition, testing, algorithm, cycle, development, steps, debugging **Collocations:** iterate through, iterate on, iterative process, iterative cycle, iterative method, software iteration, multiple iterations, first iteration, design iteration, iterated solution **Verb Forms:** * Present: iterate * Past: iterated * Present Perfect: have/has iterated * Subject: they iterate * Agent noun: iterator (common in programming) * Object noun: iteration --- **2. Incompatible** **Meaning & Usage:** *Adjective* – Not able to exist, function, or be used together; lacking harmony or agreement. **Persian Translations:** ناسازگار، غیرقابل تطبیق، ناهماهنگ، متضاد **Pronunciation:** /ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbl/ — اینکامپَتِبِل **Examples:** 1. These two software programs are incompatible. 2. Their personalities are incompatible. 3. The decision was incompatible with our values. **Synonyms:** conflicting, mismatched, contradictory, unsuitable, incongruous **Common Prepositions:** * *Incompatible with*: This cable is incompatible with my device. * *Incompatible to*: Their opinions are incompatible to mine. *(less common)* **Word Family:** * Adjective: incompatible → They have incompatible goals. * Adverb: incompatibly → They behaved incompatibly. * Noun: incompatibility → The incompatibility caused tension. * Opposite: compatible → The devices are fully compatible. **Related Words:** incompatibility, incompatibly, mismatch, disharmony, inconsistency, conflict, contradiction, dissonance, clashing, divergence **Semantic Field:** technology, relationships, systems, agreement, interaction, software, behavior, belief, suitability, conflict **Collocations:** incompatible software, incompatible device, incompatible system, incompatible version, incompatible couple, completely incompatible, become incompatible, incompatible with standards, cause incompatibility, incompatibility issue --- **3. Inform** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To give someone information or knowledge; to notify or make aware. **Persian Translations:** اطلاع دادن، آگاه کردن، مطلع ساختن، خبر دادن، آموزش دادن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈfɔːm/ — اینفورم **Examples:** 1. Please inform me of any changes. 2. He informed the police immediately. 3. The teacher informed the students about the new rules. **Synonyms:** notify, advise, tell, brief, update **Common Prepositions:** * *Inform of*: She informed him of the schedule. * *Inform about*: They informed us about the delay. **Word Family:** * Verb: inform → Please inform the team. * Noun: information → I need more information. * Agent noun: informer → The informer told the police. * Adjective: informative → The session was very informative. * Adverb: informatively → She spoke informatively. * Negative: misinform → He misinformed us. **Related Words:** information, informative, informatively, informant, notification, announcement, educate, brief, tell, instruct **Semantic Field:** communication, knowledge, education, message, news, awareness, update, media, learning, transfer **Collocations:** inform the public, inform someone of something, inform about changes, inform immediately, keep informed, inform the authorities, informative article, informative session, misinform users, accurate information **Verb Forms:** * Present: inform * Past: informed * Present Perfect: have/has informed * Subject: they inform * Agent noun: informer/informant * Object noun: information **Phrasal Verbs:** * *Inform on (someone)*: He informed on his partner to the police. --- **4. Infer** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To deduce or conclude information from evidence or reasoning rather than explicit statements. **Persian Translations:** استنباط کردن، نتیجه‌گیری کردن، پی‌بردن، برداشت کردن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈfɜːr/ — اینفِر **Examples:** 1. From the look on his face, I inferred that he was upset. 2. The detective inferred the cause of death from the clues. 3. We can infer that the weather will worsen. **Synonyms:** deduce, conclude, reason, gather, derive **Common Prepositions:** * *Infer from*: He inferred from the data that sales dropped. * *Infer that*: We infer that the project failed. **Word Family:** * Verb: infer → You can infer that from the tone. * Noun: inference → The inference was logical. * Adjective: inferable (rare) → The result was inferable. * Adverb: inferentially → He argued inferentially. * Negative: misinfer (rare) **Related Words:** inference, inferential, deduce, deduction, conclude, logic, reason, implication, implication, surmise **Semantic Field:** thinking, reasoning, analysis, understanding, assumption, logic, decision, data, conclusion, judgment **Collocations:** infer from data, infer from evidence, infer meaning, infer cause, infer intention, logical inference, make an inference, inferable fact, inferential process, infer a conclusion **Verb Forms:** * Present: infer * Past: inferred * Present Perfect: have/has inferred * Subject: they infer * Agent noun: inferrer (rare) * Object noun: inference --- **5. Invalidate** **Meaning & Usage:** *Verb* – To make something not valid or legally acceptable; to disprove or nullify. **Persian Translations:** بی‌اعتبار کردن، لغو کردن، باطل کردن، رد کردن **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt/ — اینوَلیدِیت **Examples:** 1. The contract was invalidated by the court. 2. His behavior invalidated his argument. 3. Any errors will invalidate the application. **Synonyms:** nullify, cancel, void, disprove, rebut, reject **Common Prepositions:** * *Invalidate by*: The rule was invalidated by the new law. * *Invalidate through*: Mistakes can invalidate through error. **Word Family:** * Verb: invalidate → They tried to invalidate the claim. * Noun: invalidation → The invalidation was declared. * Adjective: invalid → The passport is invalid. * Adverb: invalidly → The form was filled invalidly. * Opposite: validate → They validated the decision. **Related Words:** invalidation, invalid, invalidly, revoke, annul, abolish, refute, reject, rebuttal, cancel **Semantic Field:** law, logic, paperwork, argument, contract, regulation, legality, evidence, approval, rejection **Collocations:** invalidate a contract, invalidate an argument, invalidate a claim, invalidate the result, legally invalid, invalid document, court invalidation, invalidate with evidence, invalidate rights, invalidate decision **Verb Forms:** * Present: invalidate * Past: invalidated * Present Perfect: have/has invalidated * Subject: they invalidate * Agent noun: invalidator (rare) * Object noun: invalidation

Answer 10

**1. Indeed** * **Meaning & Usage:** *Adverb.* “Indeed” is used to emphasize a statement, confirm something previously mentioned, express agreement, or show surprise or irony. It’s often used in formal or written English but is also found in speech. **Persian Translations:** در واقع، حقیقتاً، واقعاً، به‌راستی، البته، براستی، حتی (در تأکید)، البته که * **Pronunciation:** /ɪnˈdiːd/ *Phonetic for Persian speakers:* این‌دید * **Example Sentences:** 1. He is very talented indeed. 2. The meal was delicious indeed! 3. Yes, indeed, I saw him with my own eyes. * **Synonyms:** truly, really, certainly, actually, in fact, absolutely, undoubtedly * **Common Prepositions:** *(Not commonly used directly with prepositions, but often follows a clause or adverb for emphasis)* * *Example:* She is very smart indeed. * *Example:* Indeed, it was a terrible decision. * *Example:* He was, indeed, the best player on the team. * **Word Family:** * *Adverb:* indeed – It was indeed a surprise. * *(No verb, noun, adjective, agent/object nouns directly in this word family as it’s a standalone adverb)* * **Negative/Opposite Form:** * *Not really / not at all* – It wasn’t good, not really. * *Hardly / barely* – She hardly enjoyed the movie, not indeed. * *Example:* It was not a good idea, hardly indeed. * **10 Related Words:** truly, really, honestly, definitely, certainly, undoubtedly, apparently, absolutely, positively, clearly * **10 Semantic Field Words:** yes, truth, affirmation, certainty, emphasis, agreement, assurance, fact, acknowledgement, sincerity * **10 Collocation Phrases:** very good indeed, yes indeed, quite indeed, really indeed, indeed it was, indeed he did, surprising indeed, truly indeed, remarkable indeed, indeed so * **Verb Forms:** *Not applicable* (not a verb) * **Phrasal Verbs:** *None* (not a verb; no phrasal verbs)

Cat I Flashcards

(34 cards)