Causation

Question 1

Factual causation

Answer 1

• But for test
• Actual cause of the harm
• White, Pagett

Question 2

Legal causation

Answer 2

• Fair for D to be liable
• Break the chain of causation

Question 3

Chain of causation

Answer 3

• De minimis = more than slight or trifling link (Kimsey)
• Thin skull rule = take V as you find them (Blaue)
• Intervening act = 3rd party/V/God (Roberts)
• Medical intervention (Cheshire, Jordan)
• Operating/substantial cause = not sole cause (Smith)