Consent

Question 1

Source

Answer 1

• Common law
• Against the person
• May nullify liability
• Complete acquittal

Question 2

Elements

Answer 2

1 - Nature of consent
2 - Type of offence

Question 3

Element 1

Answer 3

Nature of consent
- Type = expressed (written/ spoken - Lock), implied (conduct - Aitken, Barnes)
- Validity = capacity + age (Burrell v Harmer), not under duress/fear/sub (Olugboja), fraud (Richardson, reversed in Tabassum (know nature not quality)), not misinformed (Dica, Goulding), mistaken implied consent allowed (Jones + oth, Aitken)

Question 4

Element 2

Answer 4

Type of offence
Allowed for:
- S.39 (Collins v Wilcock)
- Invol manslaughter (Slingsby)
Not allowed for:
- Murder/S.18
- S.47/S.20 = SM (Brown, Lock), prize fighting (AG’s Ref No.6 1988)
Statutory exception (47/20)
- Lawful surgery
- Properly conducted sport (Barnes, Billinghurst)
- Dangerous exhibitions
- Child chastisement
Judicial exceptions (47/20)
- Horseplay (Jones + oth, Aitken)
- Haircuts (DPP v Smith)
- Tattoos/piercings/ritual circumcisions
- Branding (Wilson)