Cause and Effect Analysis in Quality of Healthcare Exam notes Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is Cause-Effect Analysis?
A powerful tool for diagnosing management problems and their effects. Utilizes diagrams to visually illustrate information from analyses.
What are the learning objectives of Cause-Effect Analysis?
- Define Cause-Effect Analysis
- Identify common analytic techniques used for Quality Assurance (QA)
- Describe the process for analyzing problems in QA
What statistical techniques are relevant for Quality Assurance?
- Quality costs
- Audit result trends
- Inspection sampling
- Statistical process control
- Importance of having trained personnel for effective application.
What are the key analytical techniques in Cause-Effect Analysis?
- Root Cause Analysis
- Problem Tree Analysis
- Systems Analysis
- Fishbone Analysis
- Process Analysis/Flowcharting
- SWOT Analysis
- Brainstorming
What defines a Root Cause?
An underlying cause that explains the effect directly or through a series of events. If removed, it would eliminate or reduce the problem.
What are the core principles of Root Cause Analysis?
- Should follow the review of performance gaps
- Increases likelihood of impactful interventions
- Must be systematic
What are the steps in Problem Analysis?
- Identify and list main problems
- Identify core problems through group consensus
- Identify cause and effect relationships
- Check the logic of the relationships
- Draft the Problem Tree diagram
How do you conduct a Problem Tree Analysis?
- Use cards to list negative statements about the situation
- Identify core problems linked to negative statements
- Distribute statements into causes and effects
- Review and check the logic of the diagram
- Draw the final Problem Tree diagram
What is the purpose of an Objective Tree?
Translates problem statements into objective statements. Shows means-end relationships between objectives. Assists in developing the project’s narrative description.
What are the activities involved in Systemigram?
- Mapping first-level factors causing the central issue
- Identifying second-level factors influencing first-level factors
- Discussing and modifying maps based on group feedback
What are the criteria for analyzing alternative strategies?
- Should all problems be tackled or selected few?
- Combination of interventions for desired results
- Cost implications of interventions
- Support for gender participation and institutional strengthening
- Mitigation of negative environmental impacts
What is the significance of Flowcharting in Quality Assurance?
- Analyzes steps in a process
- Breaks activities into sub-steps
- Defines relationships between activities and desired outcomes
What are the tools for Causal Analysis?
- Fishbone diagram (causes by category)
- Why-Why Tree (chain of causes)
How to effectively use Cause and Effect Analysis?
- Agree on the problem and write it in the effect box
- Identify major categories and specific causes
- Keep asking ‘Why’ to identify potential root causes
- Validate root causes through data collection
What are the advantages of anchoring root causes to performance factors?
- Clear and focused interventions
- Identification of root causes closest to the performer
- Facilitates sustainability through performer participation
What are the steps for brainstorming solutions?
- Explore a wide variety of possible solutions
- Defer judgment and encourage wild ideas
- Build on others’ ideas and stay focused
- Separate idea generation from selection
What should be included in a project proposal based on Quality Improvement (QI)?
- Project title
- Executive summary
- Background information on the organization
- Context of the project
- Problem statement/need
- Proposed intervention and description
- Project justification
- Goals and objectives
- Implementation plan
- Proposed budget
- Monitoring and evaluation plan
- Sustainability mechanisms
- Annexes
