CC DAY 1 Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
ISO means
A
International Organization for Standardization
2
Q
IUPAC means
A
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
3
Q
CLSI means
A
Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute
4
Q
SAMHSA means
A
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
5
Q
this certifies labs to conduct forensic drug testing for federal agencies
A
SAMHSA
6
Q
Blanking technique composition
A
serum w/ rgt
7
Q
For correcting absorbance caused by reagent’s color and Hb
A
Blanking technique
8
Q
used to subtract intrinsic absorbance of the sample usually caused by hemolysis, icterus, turbidity, or drug interference
A
Sample blank
9
Q
FEP colors:
Sodium
A
yellow
10
Q
FEP colors:
Copper
A
Blue
11
Q
FEP colors:
Magnesium
A
Blue
12
Q
FEP colors:
Lithium
A
red
13
Q
FEP colors:
Rubidium
A
red
14
Q
FEP colors:
Potassium
A
Purple
15
Q
AAS
most common burner
A
pre-mix long-path burner
16
Q
Flameless AAS use _____ instead of flame
A
electricity
17
Q
AAS
used to increase sensitivity for atomic emission
A
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP)
18
Q
In fluorometry/molecular luminescence spectrophotometry, which part controls light intensity?
A
attenuator
19
Q
In fluorometry/molecular luminescence spectrophotometry, which part selects wavelength that is best absorbed by the solution?
A
Primary filter
20
Q
In fluorometry/molecular luminescence spectrophotometry, which part detects fluorescing sample?
A
Detector
21
Q
Main disadvantage of fluorometry
A
Quenching
- should not be acidic
- should not be hot
- interference of some chemicals
22
Q
These are the most frequently used sources of excitation radiant energy in flurometry
A
Gas discharge lamps (mercury and xenon)
23
Q
Most spectrofluorometers use a high-pressure _______ lamp
A
xenon
24
Q
How many times is fluorometer more sensitive than spectrophotometer?
A
1000x
25
Fluorescence _________ is widely used for the detection of therapeutic and abused drugs
Fluorescence polarization
26
emission of light is created from a chemical or electrochemical rxn
chemiluminescence
27
No excitation, no monochromator
chemiluminescence
28
measures light blocked by a particle in a solution
turbidimetry
29
turbidimetry is dependent on what factors?
Concentration
Size
30
determines the amount of scattered light
nephelometry
31
T/F:
Nephelometry is more sensitive than turbidimetry
TRUE
Turbidimetry photodetectors: 1
Neph photodetectors: 2
32
Where are the photodetectors located in nephelometry
90 degrees
Forward angle
33
In nephelometry, if macromolecules > wavelength, which angle is measured?
Forward
34
Nephelometry depends on what factors
size
wavelength
35
Coulter counter is application of what type of technique?
Laser light
36
narrow spectral width and small cross-sectional area with low divergence
laser light
37
for determination of structure and ID of samples
laser light
38
a molecule, such as protein, whose net charge can be either positive or neg
ampholyte
39
pH where protein has no net charge
Isoelectric point
40
At what pH do proteins migrate from cathode to anode?
8.6
41
Fastest protein to migrate to anode
ALBUMIN
a1
a2
b
gamma
42
type of electrophoresis involving small ions
Iontophoresis
43
migration of charged macro molecules
zone electrophoresis
44
Type of electrophoresis where separation is performed in narrow-bore fused silica capillaries and molecules are separated by EOF
Capillary Electrophoresis
45
In capillary electrophoresis, molecules are separated by?
Electro-osmotic flow (EOF)
46
In capillary electrophoresis (+/-) charge moves faster
Positive
(moves towards the negative charge)
(negative charges are attracted to the walls of silica and moves more slowly)
47
Involves molecules migrating through a pH gradient; ideal for separating proteins of identical size but different net charges
Isoelectric focusing
48
separate proteins into as many as 12 zones
High-resolution protein electrophoresis
49
Component of electrophoresis that serves as the driving force
electricity
50
Component of electrophoresis that separates by charge and molecular size
supporting medium - starch gel
51
Component of electrophoresis that separates by molecular size and is used in isoelectric focusing
Cellulose acetate
52
Component of electrophoresis that is neutral and does not bind to protein and separates electrical charge
agarose gel
53
Component of electrophoresis that is neutral and separates by charge and size; for isoenzymes
supporting medium - polyacrylamide gel
54
What methods are used for detection and quantitation?
Densitometry
UV
55
measures absorbance of stain; scan and quantitate electrophoretic pattern
Densitometry
56
In electrophoresis, hemoglobin hemolysate (must/must not) be concentrated
must not
** Urine is concentrated
** Serum with high protein conc. is diluted
57
Stain used for electrophoresis of CSF proteins
silver nitrate
58
Stain used for electrophoresis of lipoprotein
Fat red 7B
Oil Red O
59
Stain used for electrophoresis of LD isoenzymes
nitrotetrazolium blue (NTB)
60
separation of soluble components in a solution
chromatography
61
distance leading edge of component moves/total distance of solvent
Retention factor value
62
gold std for drug testing
GC-MS
63
detect 20 inborn errors of metabolism (newborn screening)
MS/MS (tandem mass spectrometry
64
HPLC uses _________ for fast separations
pressure
65
rapid Hba1c and hg disease is detected using what technique
HPLC
66
uses sugar and amino acid
paper chromatog (whatman paper)
67
unknown sample + known sample + indicator
volumetric
68
schales and schales method detects which anion
chloride
(volumetric)
69
measurement of osmolality
osmometry
70
inversely proportional to osmolality
Freezing point
Vapor pressure
71
directly proportional to osmolality
Boiling point
Osmotic pressure
72
most commonly used method for measuring the changes in colligative properties in a solution
Freezing point depression osmometry
73
Reference solution for osmometers
NaCl
74
For each osmole, freezing pt is lowered by
-1.86 C
75
For each osmole, vapor pressure is lowered by
0.3 mmHg/Torr
76
For each osmole, boiling point is raised by
0.52 C
77
measured osmolality - calculated osmolality
Osmolal gap
78
Indirectly indicates the presence of osmotically active substances
Osmolal gap
79
measurement of current or voltage generated by the activity of a specific ion
electrochemistry
80
a type of potentiometric, ion-selective electrode, used to separate membrane from sample solution
ISE membrane
81
ISE membranes:
glass aluminum silicate is used for measurement of
sodium
82
ISE membranes:
antibiotic valinomycin gel is used for measurement of
K+
83
ISE membranes:
diocytophenyl phosphonate is used for measurement of
Calcium
84
ISE membranes:
nonactin and monactin is used for measurement of
NH4+
85
measures the amount of current produced through the oxidation or reduction of the substance to be measured at an electrode held at a fixed potential
Amperometry
86
electrode used for measurement of pO2 (amperometry)
clarke
87
measures potential difference between an indicator electrode and a reference electrode
potentiometry
88
reference electrodes in potentiometry
Calomel
Ag - Ag Cl
89
electrode for pCO2 (potentiometry)
severinghaus
90
analyte which uses nernst equation (potentiometry)
pH
91
Coulemetry is based on which law
Faraday's
92
number of equivalent weights of a reactant oxidized or reduced is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity used in the reaction
Coulometry
93
voltage at which sharp rise in current occurs characteristic of the electrochemical rxn involved
Polarography
94
measures the differences in current at a constant voltage
Polarography
95
amount of inc in current is proportional to the conc. of analyte
Polarography
96
trace metal ions in the solution is reduced and plated onto anodic electrode and is mainly used for analysis of lead
Anodic stripping voltammetry
