JC_ENH 1 Flashcards
(184 cards)
1
Q
predominant protein
A
albumin
2
Q
CF: Albumin
A
10
3
Q
CF: Bilirubin
A
17.1
4
Q
CF: BUN
A
0.357
5
Q
CF: Na
A
1
6
Q
CF: K
A
1
7
Q
CF: Cl
A
1
8
Q
CF: Chole
A
0.026
9
Q
CF: Crea
A
88.4
10
Q
CF: Glucose
A
0.0555
11
Q
CF: Thyroxine
A
12.9
12
Q
CF: T4
A
12.9
13
Q
CF: Total Protein
A
10
14
Q
CF: Trigly
A
0.0113
15
Q
CF: Uric acid
A
0.0595
16
Q
Conversion:
Conv. to SI
A
conv. x CF
17
Q
Conversion:
SI to conv.
A
SI / CF
18
Q
Convert 126 mg/dL glucose to SI unit
A
126 x 0.0555 = 7 mmol/L
19
Q
chemical substance subject of chemical analysis
A
Analyte
20
Q
compound or mixture added to a system to cause a chemical reaction or test if a reaction occurs
A
Reagent
21
Q
Term reagent is often used in place of __________.
A
reactant
22
Q
T/F:
A reagent may not necessarily be consumed in a reaction like a reactant.
A
TRUE
23
Q
anything that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not being produced or consumed in the reaction
A
Catalyst
24
Q
process of testing and adjusting analyzer’s readout to establish correlation between measured and actual conc.
A
Calibration
25
a material of known conc.
Standard/Calibrator
26
sample that is chemically and physically similar to unknown spx and is tested in exactly the same manner
Control
27
set of introduction for methods used in the laboratory
SOP
28
type of rgt water with maximum water purity
Type I
29
rgt water used for ultramicrochem analysis
Type I
30
rgt water used for nano/subnano analysis
Type I
31
rgt water used for analysis of trace metals
Type I
32
rgt water used for analysis of drugs
Type I
33
rgt water used for analysis of hormones
Type I
34
rgt water used for tissue culture
Type I
35
rgt water used in most lab tests and routine tests
Type II
36
rgt water used for CBC
Type II
37
rgt water used for gram staining
Type II
38
rgt water used for rgt prep and QC
Type II
39
rgt water used for most qualitative tests
Type III
40
rgt water used in histology
Type III
41
rgt water known as tap water
Type III
42
rgt water used for U/A and F/A
Type III
43
expressed as the "% solution"
Concentration
44
Concentration formula
% / 100 = x / vol/wt
45
mol/L
Molarity
46
Eq/L
Normality
47
mol = ?
gmw
48
Eq = ?
gmw/v
49
valence = # of ___
Hydrogen
50
Dilution formula
vol of spx / (vol of spx + vol of diluent)
51
Corrected dilution formula
value obtained for diluted spx x reciprocal of dilution
52
centrifuge that is vertical at rest, horizontal in motion
swinging bucket/horizontal rotor
53
swinging bucket
air friction:
speed:
sediment:
swinging bucket
air friction: inc
speed: dec
sediment: poor
54
centri faster than swinging bucket due to less air friction which allows more rapid sedimentation
fixed/angle
55
head rotor of fixed centri
25-40 deg
56
centri with high speed and is refrigerated to reduce heat
Ultracentrifuge
57
ultracentri rpm
100,000 rpm
58
ultracentri is mainly used for?
lipoprotein analysis, to remove trubidity
59
Don't respin serum separator tubes. Serum in contact with RBCs under gel can be expressed and increase which analyte?
K
59
electrolytes inc. in hemolysis
K, LD
59
Calibration of centri is done _________.
monthly
60
Disinfection of centri is done __________.
weekly
61
Apparatus used for centri calibration
Tachometer
Strobe light
Timer
62
pipette used to hold a particular volume but not dispense the exact volume
TC
63
pipette used to dispense exact amount
TD
64
Automatic pipette that relies on piston for suction
Air disp.
65
automatic pipette that uses disposable tips and is not suitable for viscous fluids
air disp.
66
automatic pipette that operates by moving the piston in the pipette tip or barrel, much like hypodermic syringe
Positive disp.
67
Positive displacement characteristics:
- lack air cushion
- suitable for viscous fluids
- constant aspiration force
68
Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:
Protein
Inc.
69
Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:
LD
Inc.
70
Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:
Lactic acid
Inc.
71
Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:
Glucose
Dec.
72
Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:
TAG
Dec.
73
Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:
Cholesterol
Dec.
74
Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:
K
Inc.
75
Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:
Crea
Inc
76
Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:
CK
Inc.
77
Inc or Dec during activity/exercise:
Phosphate
Inc.
78
Analytes increased in fist clenching
K, Lactic acid, Phosphate
79
Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:
Glucose
Inc.
80
Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:
Cl-
Dec.
81
Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:
Insulin
Inc.
82
Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:
TAG
Inc.
83
Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:
K+
Dec.
84
Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:
Amylase
Dec.
85
Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:
Gastrin
Inc.
86
Inc or Dec during recent food ingestion:
HCO3-
Inc.
87
Final breakdown product of Protein
Urea
88
product of deamination of amino acids
ammonia
89
High protein and low glucose will harbor what product
ketones
90
Serotonin increase urinary secretion of _________
5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA)
90
natural source of serotonin in the body
chromaffin cell
91
serotonin rich foods
banana, pineapple, coffee, tomato, avocado
92
a condition wherein a tumor secretes large amount of serotonin in the body
argentaffinoma
93
argetaffinoma px prep
avoid serotonin rich foods
94
relationship of Cl- and HCO3-
inversely prop.
95
hormone which stimulates parietal cell and increases HCl in the stomach
gastrin
96
after recent food ingestion, pH (inc/dec).
Inc (alkaline)
97
during alkaline tide, K+ (inc/dec)
dec
98
Urobilinogen favors (acidic/alkalinic) environment
alkalinic
99
Intracellular or Extracellular:
K+
Intra
100
Intracellular or Extracellular:
Na++
Extra
101
Severe liver disease
Urea:
Ammonia:
Severe liver disease
Urea: Dec.
Ammonia: Inc.
102
Increased ammonia may reach the brain and lower neurotransmitters such as GABA. this may result to which condition?
Hepatic coma
103
What analyte is tested in the CSF in cases when hepatic coma is suspected
Glutamine
Inc. ammonia = Dec. neurotransmitter = Hepatic coma
(Ammonia unstable in CSF)
104
TAG conc. which increases turbidity/lactescence:
400 mg/dL
105
analytes increased when standing:
CACA
Calcium
Albumin
Cholesterol
Aldosterone
106
Analytes increased when the posture changes from supine to sitting/standing:
Calcium
Albumin
107
Effects of prolonged tourniquet application
Hemoconcentration
Anaerobiosis
108
Duration of tourniquet application.
<1 min
109
INC or DEC when smoking:
glucose
INC
110
INC or DEC when smoking:
GH
INC
111
INC or DEC when smoking:
Cortisol
INC
112
INC or DEC when smoking:
Cholesterol
INC
113
INC or DEC when smoking:
TAG
INC
114
INC or DEC when smoking:
UREA
INC
115
INC or DEC in older age:
Albumin
INC
116
INC or DEC in older age:
ALP
INC
117
INC or DEC in older age:
Phosphorus
INC
(Dec. Ca = Inc. P)
118
INC or DEC in older age:
Chole
INC.
Due to slow metabolism
119
Analytes are increased AM/PM:
ACP
PM
120
Analytes are increased AM/PM:
ACTH
AM
121
Analytes are increased AM/PM:
Cortisol
AM
122
Analytes are increased AM/PM:
Fe
AM
123
Analytes are increased AM/PM:
GH
PM
124
Analytes are increased AM/PM:
PTH, TSH
PM
125
Analytes are increased AM/PM:
Aldosterone
AM
126
Analytes protected from light
Bilirubin
Carotene
Erythrocyte protoporphyrin
Niacin
CK
127
Analytes that require ice slurry
Lactic acid
Ammonia
Blood gas
Ionized Ca
128
Order of draw
BCRRHES
Blood culture
Citrate
Red glass
Red plastic
Heparin
EDTA
Sodium fluoride
*Oxalate
129
What will happen to Na, Fe, K, Ca when EDTA is used
Na, K = INC
Ca, Fe = DEC
130
Additives that distort RBC morph
Oxalate (main)
Fluoride
131
1st step in sample collection
Px ID
132
Uses of arterial puncture
Blood gas, pH
133
this test is done before arterial puncture to ensure proper blood flow
Modified Allen Test
134
degree of arterial puncture
45-60 deg
Femoral: 90 deg
135
Order of vein choice
Median
Cephalic
Basilic
Dorsal
136
Tubes with Gel must not be used for what tests
ISBT
ImmunoSero
Blood banking
TDM, Trace metals
137
Effect when tubes with gel are used for tests involving ImmunoSero, Blood Banking, TDM, and Trace metals
False (-), False dec.
138
the transfer of one additive/specimen to another thru needle contact
Carryover
139
additive most common cause of carryover
EDTA
140
tourniquet must be applied ______ inches above site
3-4
141
device that is used to inspect an organ by passing light through its wall
Transillumination
142
Lights used in transillumination
LED
Infrared
143
Std needle gauge
21'
144
Needle gauge for pediatric px
23'
145
Relationship of needle gauge and bore size
Inv. prop
146
Length of needle that is believed to give better control and is less frightening to the px
1 inch
147
Angle of venipuncture
15-30 deg
148
swelling around the puncture site due to leakage of large amount of blood
Hematoma
149
most common complication in blood collection
Ecchymosis
150
leakage of small amount of blood causes
Ecchymosis
151
When IV site is present, what to do?
Use the opposite arm or perform fingerstick.
If both arms with IV;
- ask the nurse to turn off IV for 2 mins
- apply tourniquet and collect under IV site
- discard first 5 mL (clear top or red top)
152
10% contam. with 5% dextrose increase glucose by
500 mg/dL
153
Pressure applied when blood pressure cuffs are used for venipuncture
60 mmHg
154
Antiseptic used for ethanol testing
Benzalkonium Cl (Zephiram Cl)
155
Length of lancet for skin punc.
1.75 mm
156
Depth of incision during skin pnc.
Infants: <2 mm
Adult: <2.5 mm
157
Skin punc. preferred site
Infant: Lateral plantar heel
Adult: 3rd and 4th fingers (Middle and ring)
Least preferred: Earlobe
158
Order of draw during skin puncture
BSEON
Blood gas
Slide
EDTA
Other additives
Non-additives
159
Arterialized Capillary blood is used for measurement of:
pCO2, pH
NOT pO2
160
Preferred site for collection of arterialized capillary blood
Earlobe
161
Don't perform arterialized capillary blood test when arterial BP is below _________
95 mmHg
162
any test used as evidence in legal proceedings (blood alcohol, DNA analysis, tox screen)
chain of custody
163
a management philosophy and approach that focuses on processes and their improvement as the means to satisfy customer needs and reqs
TQM
164
include analytical processes and the general policies, practices, and procedures that define how all aspects of the work are done
QLP
165
emphasizes statistical control procedures, but also include nonstatistical check procedures, such as linearity checks, rgt, and standard checks, and temperature monitors
QC
166
concerned primarily with broader measures and monitors of lab performance including TAT, spx ID, px ID, test utility
QA
167
branch of TQM which provides a structured problem-solving process to help identify the root cause of a problem and a solution to that problem
QI
168
branch of TQM which is necessary to standardize the remedy, establish measures for performance monitoring, ensure that the performance achieved satisfies quality reqs, and document the new QLP
QP
169
a comprehensive program in an institution in which all areas of operation are monitored to ensure quality with the aim of providing the highest quality px care
Quality Assurance
170
ability to measure the smallest conc.
Sensitivity
171
ability to measure only the analyte of interest
Specificity
172
closeness of the assayed value to the true value
Accuracy
173
ability to give the same results on the same sample that agree with one another
Precision/Reproducibility
174
area of QC concerned with instrument and method
Sensitivity and Specificity
175
area of QC concerned about the laboratory itself
Accuracy
Precision
176
characteristic required of confirmatory tests
Specificity
177
characteristic associated with screening tests
Sensitivity
178
ability to detect proportion of individuals with that disease who test positive for the disease
Dx Sensitivity
179
ability to detect the proportion of individuals w/o the disease who test negatively for the disease
Dx Specificity
180
Dx Sensitivity formula
TP / (TP + FN) x 100
181
Dx Specificity formula
TN / (TN + FP) x 100
