Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P1 BLOCK 1 > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

(98 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Eukaryotic cells are composed of 3 main parts

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Forms the cell’s outer boundary and separates the cell’s internal environment from the outside

A

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Contains all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Large organelle that contains DNA molecules called chromosomes

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Subcellular structures embedded in the cytosol

A

Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

“A phospholipid bilayer with associated integral and peripheral proteins”

A

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

They resemble a sea of phospholipids with protein “icebergs” floating in it

A

Fluid mosaic model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Form a lipid bilayer - choloesterol and glycolipids (sugar-lipids) also contribute

A

Phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Extend into or go completely through the bilayer

A

Integral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Attach to the inner or outer surface but do not extend through the membrane

A

Peripheral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Membrane proteins with a carbohydrate group attached that protrude into the extracellular fluid

A

Glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Membrane lipids with a carbohydrate group attached

A

Glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The lipid bilayer consist of

A

Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Glycolipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Allow specific ion to move through water-filled pore

A

Ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Carries specific substances across membrane by changing shape

A

Carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Recognize specific ligand and alters cell’s function in some way

A

Receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell

A

Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anchors filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane, providing structural stability and shape for the cell

A

Linkers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Distinguishes cells from anyone else’s

A

Cell identity markers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

“Sugary coating” surrounding the membrane

A

Glycocalyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Differences of attributes in one place vs a different place

A

Gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The attribute is concentration of a chemical

A

Concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Attribute is electrical charges

A

Electrical gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Combined both concentration / electrical gradient

A

Electrochemical gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Passive processes
``` Diffusion -simple diffusion -osmosis -facilitated diffusion Filtration ```
26
Active processes
``` Active transport -primary active transport -secondary active transport Bulk transport (vesicular transport) -exocytosis -endocytosis -transcytosis ```
27
Passive spread of particles through random motion from high to low concentration
Diffusion
28
Diffusion of solvent (water) through a semipermeable membrane
Osmosis
29
Measure of a solution's ability to change a cell's water content by induction of osmosis
Tonicity
30
Equal concentration of osmotically active solutes
Isotonic
31
Lower concentration than the cell, so water moves into the cell
Hypotonic solution
32
Higher concentration, water moves out of cell
Hypertonic solution
33
The solute binds to a protein carrier on one side of the membrane and is released on the other side after the transporter undergoes a change in shape
Facilitated diffusion
34
Carry two substances across the membrane in opposite direction
Antiporters
35
Carry two substances across the membrane in the same direction
Symporters
36
Small spherical sac formed by budding off from a membrane
Vesicle
37
Material move into a cell in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane
Endocytosis
38
Vesicle fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing contents into the extracellular fluid
Exocytosis
39
A combination of endocytosis and exocytosis
Transcytosis
40
Highly selective type of endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
41
Cell eating, engulf large solid particles such as worn out cells, bacteria, virus
Phagocytosis
42
Cell drinking, pinocytosis, "sip" of extracellular fluid
Bulk-phase endocytosis
43
Reverse in endocytosis
Exocytosis
44
Uses vesicles to move substances into, across, and out of a cell
Transcytosis
45
Intracellular fluid, surrounding the organelles
Cytosol
46
Specialized structure within the cell
Organelles
47
Structural framework for the cell
Cytoskeleton
48
Cytoskeleton composed of
Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules
49
Relaxed, uncoiled chromosomes of the interphase nucleus
Chromatin
50
Largest, most prominent organelle
Nucleus
51
Double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Nuclear envelope
52
Numerous openings in the nuclear envelop
Nuclear pores
53
Spherical body that produces ribosomes
Nucleolus
54
Cell's heredity units
Genes
55
Long molecule of DNA combined with protein molecules
Chromosomes
56
Produces both ribosomal subunits
Nucleolus
57
Where amino acids are assembled into proteins Produced in nucleolus, stored in cytoplasm "Sites of protein synthesis"
Ribosomes
58
Joins the amino acids to form a polypeptide chain
Large ribosomal subunit
59
Initiates translation, recruits the large ribosomal subunit, and reads the mRNA
Small ribosomal subunit
60
Extensive network of membranes running throughout the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
61
ER with ribosomes, linear
Rough ER
62
ER without ribosomes and a network of tubules
Smooth ER
63
Stack of -20 flattened, membrane enclosed sacs
Cisternae
64
Transport vesicles arriving from the RER fuse
cis face of the Golgi
65
Secretory vesicles, lysosomes, and peroxisomes bud
trans face
66
"Packaging and export mechanism for the cell"
Golgi complex
67
"The powerhouse of the cell" Self-replication Most of the cell's ATP is produced
Mitochondria
68
Vesicles that form from the Golgi complex and contain powerful digestive
Lysosomes
69
Digestion of worn-out organelles
Autophagy
70
Digestion of the entire cell
Autolysis
71
Detoxify several toxic substances | Abundant in the liver
Peroxisomes
72
Continuously degrade unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins | Found in the cytosol and the nucleus
Proteasomes
73
Membranous sacs within the cytoplasm of cells
Vacuoles
74
Located near the nucleus | Assembly of microtubules
Centrosomes
75
Short, hair-like projections from the cell surface | Move fluids along a cell surface
Cilia
76
Longer than cilia, move an entire cell | Sperm cell's tail
Flagella
77
A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled or abnormal cell proliferation
Cancer
78
Excess tissue that develops as the result of cancer
Tumor or neoplasm
79
Medical study of tumors
Oncology
80
A cancerous neoplasm that tends to metastasize
Malignancy
81
The spread of cancerous cells to the other parts of the body
Metastasis
82
A neoplasm that does not metastasize
Benign tumor
83
Malignant tumors that arise from epithelial cells
Carcinoma
84
Cancerous growths of melanocytes
Melanoma
85
Any cancer arising from muscle cells or connective tissues
Sarcoma
86
A cancer of bone
Osteogenic sarcoma
87
A cancer of blood-forming organs characterized by rapid growth of abnormal leukocytes
Leukemia
88
A malignant disease of lymphatic tissue
Lymphoma
89
The science that deals with why, when, and where diseases occur, and how they are transmitted in a human community
Epidemiology
90
The science of the effects and uses of drugs in disease treatment
Pharmacology
91
A decrease in the size of cells with consequent decrease in size of the affected tissue or organ
Atrophy
92
Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of cells due to chronic irritation or inflammation; may progress to neoplasia if the conditions persist, or revert to normal if the irritation is removed
Dysplasia
93
An increase in the number of cells of a tissue due to an increase in the frequency of cell division
Hyperplasia
94
An increase in the size of cells without cell division
Hypertrophy
95
The transformation of one cell type into another
Metaplasia
96
Offspring, or descendants
Progency
97
The study of the proteome (all of an organism's proteins)
Proteomics
98
A substance introduced into circulation by tumor cells that indicates the presence of a tumor, as well as it's specific type; may be used to screen, diagnose, and evaluate a response to treatment, and monitor for recurrence of the cancer
Tumor marker

A&P1 BLOCK 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions