Genetics

Question 1

The study of genes, which are the units of inheritance

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

The carrier of genetic information; single, double-stranded DNA molecule

Answer 2

Chromosomes

Question 3

Two molecules of double-stranded DNA joined in the center by a centromere

Answer 3

Chromatid

Question 4

An ordinary chromosome; one that does not determine sex of the individual

Answer 4

Autosome

Question 5

A chromosome that is causally associated with the sex of an individual

Answer 5

Sex chromosomes

Question 6

Chromosomes of the same kind

Answer 6

Homologous chromosomes

Question 7

The position of a gene on its chromosome; the position of a gene on the genetic map

Answer 7

Locus

Question 8

The region or regions of a chromosome with which the spindle fibers become associated during mitosis and meiosis

Answer 8

Centromere

Question 9

DNA sequences at the tips of chromosomes that protect the tips of chromosomes from erosion and from sticking to each other

Answer 9

Telomere

Question 10

The number of chromosomes in gamates

Answer 10

Gametic number

Question 11

The number of chromosomes in ordinary body cells of an organism

Answer 11

Somatic number

Question 12

The copying of a specific sequence of DNA to produce the corresponding sequence of RNA (mRNA)

Answer 12

Transcription

Question 13

The assembly of a new protein molecule using its amino acid building blocks, as specified by mRNA

Answer 13

Translation

Question 14

Sequence of events in which a body cell duplicates its contents and divides in two

Answer 14

Cell cycle

Question 15

Somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes are called

Answer 15

diploid cells

Question 16

Phase of cell division that the cell is not dividing

• replicate its DNA
• consists of three phases, G1, S, and G2

Answer 16

Interphase

Question 17

consists of nuclear division (mitosis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis) to form two identical cells

Answer 17

Mitotic phase

Question 18

Nuclear division

Answer 18

Mitosis

Question 19

The chromatin fibers change into chromosomes

Answer 19

Prophase

Question 20

Microtubules align the centromeres of the chromatid pairs at the metaphase plate

Answer 20

Metaphase

Question 21

The chromatid pairs split at the centromere and move to opposite poles of the cell

Answer 21

Anaphase

Question 22

Two identical nuclei are formed around the identical sets of chromosomes now in their chromatic form

Answer 22

Telophase

Question 23

Cytoplasmic division

Answer 23

Cytokinesis

Question 24

Reproductive cell division

Answer 24

Meiosis

Question 25

Look alike, paired. chromosomes

Answer 25

Homologous chromosomes

Question 26

Homologous chromosomes pair

Answer 26

Tetrads

Question 27

During Meiosis prophase 1, chromatids of homologous chromosomes form chiasmata wherein matching regions break and then reconnect to the other chromosome

Answer 27

Crossing over

Question 28

Reductive division

Answer 28

Meiosis 1

Question 29

Two haploid cells with replicated sister chromatids go to form four haploid cells with single, unreplicated molecules of DNAs

Answer 29

Meiosis 2

Question 30

One chromosomes in each pair came from the mother, and the other from the father

Answer 30

Homologous chromosomes

Question 31

Each pair of homologous chromosomes

Answer 31

Homologous pair

Question 32

Human karyotype composed of

Answer 32

22 pairs of autosomes | 1 pair of sex chromosomes

Question 33

Alternative forms of gene that code for the same trait and are at the same location on homologous chromosomes are called

Answer 33

alleles

Question 34

Same alleles

Answer 34

Homozygous

Question 35

Different alleles

Answer 35

Heterozygous

Question 36

Genetic makeup of individual

Answer 36

Genotype

Question 37

Physical or outward appearance

Answer 37

Phenotype

Question 38

An allele that dominates or masks the presence of another allele and is fully expressed

Answer 38

Dominant allele

Question 39

An allele whose presence is completely masked

Answer 39

Recessive allele

Question 40

Agglutination occurs when the red cell antigens correspond to the antibodies in the antisera

Answer 40

Forward typing

Question 41

Most common cause of dwarfism

Answer 41

Achondroplasia

Question 42

The probability of combining different alleles

Answer 42

Punnett square

Question 43

When an individual is born with chromosomes added or missing

Answer 43

Aneuploidy

Question 44

Missing 1 chromosome

Answer 44

Monosomy

Question 45

Have an additional chromosomes

Answer 45

Trisomy

Question 46

The most common cause of hemolytic disease of the new born with the major antigen Rh or D

Answer 46

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 47

The failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during cell division

Answer 47

Nondisjunction