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A&P1 BLOCK 1 > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Group of cells of common embryonic origin

A

Tissues

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2
Q

4 Basic types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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3
Q

Tissues are formed by grouping cells together using a variety of _____________

A

Intercellular junction

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4
Q

Intracellular junctions that are found where a leakproof seal is needed between cells

A

Tight junction

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5
Q

Intracellular junction that make an adhesion belt (plaque) that keeps tissues from separating as they stretch and contract

A

Adherens Junctions

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6
Q

_________ attach to the plaque, partially cross the intercellular space, and connect _______ from an adjacent cells

A

Cadherin (transmembrane protein)

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7
Q

Intracellular junction that similar to an adherens junction, but the plaque does not attach to microfilaments, rather attaches to intermediate filaments

A

Desmosomes

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8
Q

“Half-desmosomes”

Transmembrane glycoprotein called integrins replace the cadherins and attach to the basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes

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9
Q

Intracellular junction that has transmembrane proteins called connexins form channels (connexons)

A

Gap junction

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10
Q

4 Basic tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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11
Q

Used to line surfaces and form protective barriers

A

Epithelium

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12
Q

Basal layer of the epithelium secretes _________

Underlying C.T. secretes __________

A

Basal lamina

Reticular lamina

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13
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A 
Protection
Filtration
Secretion
Absorption
Excretion
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14
Q

Flat, wide “paving stone” cells

A

Squamous

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15
Q

Cells as tall as they are wide

A

Cuboidal

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16
Q

Cells taller than they are wide

A

Columnar

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17
Q

One layer

A

Simple

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18
Q

Appears to have layers, all cells attached to basement membrane, but some do not extend to the apical surface

A

Pseudostratified

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19
Q

Two or more layers. Only basal layer in contact with basement membrane

A

Stratified

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20
Q

Single layer of flat cells found in air sacs of lungs, blood vessels, or serous membrane

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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21
Q

Single layer of cube shaped cells often found lining the tubules of the kidneys and other glands

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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22
Q

Single layer of column-like cells with mucous (goblet cells)

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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23
Q

All cells are attached to the basement membrane in a single layer but some do not extend to the apical surface

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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24
Q

Distinguishing feature of Keratinized and nonkeratinized

A

Presence of cell nuclei

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25
Apical surface made up of two or more layers of cube shaped cells that found in the duct of sweat glands and esophageal glands
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
26
Change shape depending on the state of stretch in the tissue that are found in bladder
Transitional Epithelium
27
Specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the entire circulatory system from the heart to the smallest capillary
Endothelium
28
Found in serous membranes such as the pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum
Mesothelium
29
Single or group of cells that secrete substances into a duct, onto a surface or into the blood
Gland
30
Glandular epithelium that secrete to surface or lumen, have duct
Exocrine
31
Glandular epithelium that secrete to extracellular space which is ductless, hormones
Endocrine
32
The most common manner of secretion of Exocrine gland
Merocrine
33
Exocrine gland that "bud" their secretions off through the plasma membrane, "decapitation"
Apocrine glands
34
Exocrine gland that is produced by rupture of the plasma membrane, leasing the entire cellular contents into the lumen and killing the cell
Holocrine secretions
35
Connective tissue consists of ______
Extracellular matrix - Ground substance - Protein fibers
36
Composed of water and an assortment of large molecules that determine the quality of the tissue
Ground substances
37
Connective tissue cells arise from ________, which is an embryonic connective tissue
Mesenchyme
38
Immature cells end in _____
-blast
39
Mature cells end in ________
-cyte
40
Most common cell of connective tissue in general
Fibroblast
41
Develop from monocytes, irregularly shaped, having filopodia, engage in phagocytosis
Macrophages
42
Macrophages by other names in liver
Kupffer cells
43
Macrophages by other name in skin and lymph nodes
Langerhans cells
44
Macrophages by other name in bone
Osteoclasts
45
Macrophages by other name in lungs
Alveolar macrphage
46
Macrophages by other name in blood
Monocytes
47
Macrophages by other name in central nervous system
Microglia
48
From B lymphocytes, secrete antibody, accumulate in infected connective tissue
Plasma cells
49
Abundant alongside blood vessels of connective tissue, can be phagocytic
Mast cells
50
Stored in these granules in mast cells: - Heparin - Histamines - NCF / ECF Is called
Primary mediators
51
Mast cells that are synthesized 'on the spot' and used immediately - leukotrienes - cytokines
Secondary mediators
52
Large, spherical, signet-ring shaped, synthesizes and store lipid, vacuole of fat
Adipose cells
53
Extremely rare malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue of digestive organs
Signet ring adenocarcinoma
54
White blood cells, not found in normal connective tissue
Leukocytes
55
3 types of connective tissue fibers
Collagen, elastic, reticular
56
Abundant throughout the body, inelastic, flexible, tensile strength, parallel bundles
Collagen fibers
57
Small, branching fibers, distensible, form network within tissues, found in skin, walls of blood vessels, lung tissue
Elastic fibers
58
Fine bundles of collagen coated with glycoprotein, fibers much thinner than collagen fibers Forming the stroma (reticulum) of soft organs such as spleen and lymph nodes
Reticular fibers
59
Embryonic connective tissue
Mesenchyme | Mucous connective tissue
60
Mature connective tissue
Loose, dense, cartilage
61
3 types of Loose connective tissue
Areolar, adipose, reticular
62
3 types of dense connective tissue
Regular, irregular, elastic
63
Pleuripotent cell; all other connective tissues eventually arise from ________
Mesenchyme
64
Variant of mesenchyme containing widely scattered fibroblasts, more viscous jelly-like ground substance, found in umbilical cord of fetus
Mucous connective tissue
65
Deep to skin and mesothelial lining of the internal body cavities Characterized by abundance of ground substance and ECF
Loose connective tissue
66
Most widely distributed connective tissues in the body | form the subcutaneous layer
Areolar connective tissue
67
Vascularized, found in wherever areolar connective tissue is located, derived from fibroblasts, energy reserve
Adipose connective tissue
68
Consists of find interlacing reticular fibers and cells, forms stroma of liver, spleen, lymph nodes Remove worn out red blood cells, filter lymph, and remove bacteria
Reticular connective tissue
69
Found in parts subject to tensive forces, more fibers than cells
Dense connective tissue
70
Bundles of collagen fibers regularly arranged in parallel patterns, tensile strength in directions Tendons, ligaments
Dense regular connective tissue
71
Not arranged in parallel, pulling forces in various directions Dermis of skin, periosteum, pericardium, heart valves
Dense irregular connective tissue
72
Consists predominantly of branching elastic fibers, elasticity found in lung, blood vessel
Elastic connective tissue
73
Flat sheets of pliable tissue that cover or line a part of the body
Membrane
74
Epithelial tissue + connective tissue = __________
Epithelial membrane
75
3 types of epithelial membrane
Mucous, serous, cutaneous
76
Membrane that opens directly to the exterior Mucous secreting cells are common Found in digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract
Mucous membranes
77
Mucous membrane consist of
epithelium and lamina propria
78
Membrane that does not open directly to the exterior Secretions reduce friction between neighboring fluid Have parietal, visceral layer
Serous membranes
79
Serous membranes consist of
Areolar connective tissue covered by mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)
80
Epithelial membrane of skin
Cutaneous membranes
81
Membranes that line the cavities of freely moveable joints, do not have epithelial layer
Synovial membranes
82
Synovial membranes are composed of
Synoviocyte, areola & adipose connective tissue
83
Disease in which the body produces antibodies that fail to distinguish self from non-self, and attach the body's own tissues
Autoimmune disorders
84
A decrease in the size of the cells, with consequent decrease in the size of the affected tissue or organ
Atrophy
85
Removal of a sample of living tissue for microscopic examination to help diagnose disease
Biopsy
86
Increase in the size of a tissue due to enlargement of cells without cell division
Hypertrophy
87
A connective tissue disorder transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. The fibrillin gene is defective, resulting in abnormal development of elastic fibers. Structures most affected are the periosteum, suspensory ligaments of the eye, and walls of large arteries.
Marfan syndrome
88
An immune response of the body directed at foreign proteins in a transplanted tissue or organ
Tissue rejection
89
Replacement of a diseased or injured tissue or organ
Tissue transplantation
90
The replacement of a diseased or injured tissue or organ with cells or tissues from an animal
Xenotransplantation

A&P1 BLOCK 1 (4 decks)

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