CELL

Question 1

All organisms are made out of this, simplest collection of alive matter, related to their descent, can differ from one to another

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Light passes through a specimen, then to glass lenses in order to refract light and magnify the image (1000x)

Answer 2

Light microscope

Question 3

Types of electron microscope

Answer 3

Scanning, transmission

Question 4

Used to view subcellular structures

Answer 4

Electron microscope

Question 5

The type of electron microscope used to view the surface of the specimen, 3d image

Answer 5

Scanning electron microscope

Question 6

The type of electron microscope to view internal structures

Answer 6

Transmission electron microscope

Question 7

Take cells apart and separate the major organelles from one to another and enables scientists to determine their function

Answer 7

Cell fractionation

Question 8

Cell fractionation process

Answer 8

Suspension
Centrifuge
Aspirate

Question 9

Basic features of a cell

Answer 9

Plasma membrane, semifluid substance (cytosol), chromosomes, ribosomes

Question 10

No nucleus, dna is found at the nucleoid, no membrane bound organelles, cytoplasm bound by plasma membrane

Answer 10

Prokaryotic cells

Question 11

Dna is in a membranous nuclear envelope, membrane bound organelles, has cytoplasm and cytosol

Answer 11

Eukaryotic cells

Question 12

Selective barrier that allows a sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients and waste to service the volume of every cell

Answer 12

Plasma membrane

Question 13

Parts of the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 13

Hydrophobic lipids
Hydrophilic phosphorus heads

Question 14

Information central, connected to the er and the most conspicuous organelle.

Answer 14

Nucleus

Question 15

Encloses the nucleus, separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Answer 15

Nuclear envelope

Question 16

Located in the nucleus, may vary in numbers, site of ribosomal RNA synthesis.
Has pores that regulate the entry and exit of molecules from the nucleus

Answer 16

Nucleolus

Question 17

Composed of proteins that maintains nucleus shape

Answer 17

Nuclear lamina

Question 18

Protein factories, made out of ribosomal RNA and protein, 2 locations of synthesis

Answer 18

Ribosomes

Question 19

Site of synthesis of free ribosomes

Answer 19

Cytosol

Question 20

Site of synthesis of bound ribosomes

Answer 20

ER and nuclear envelope

Question 21

requires protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell

Answer 21

Endomembrane system

Question 22

Endomembrane system organelles

Answer 22

nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane

Question 23

biosynthetic factory, more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells. continuous with nuclear envelope.

Answer 23

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies, stores calcium ions.

Answer 24

SMOOTH ER

Question 25

have bound ribosomes and secretes glycoproteins, distributes transport vesicles, membrane factory

Answer 25

ROUGH ER

Question 26

secretory proteins surrounded by membranes

Answer 26

transport vesicle

Question 27

shipping/receiving center of the cell, modifies products of ER, manufactures certain macromolecules. Sorts/ packages materials into transport vesicles.

Answer 27

golgi apparatus

Question 28

flattened membranous sacs of the golgi apparatus

Answer 28

cisternae

Question 29

receiving stage of the golgi apparatus

Answer 29

Cis face

Question 30

shipping stage of the golgi apparatus

Answer 30

Trans Face

Question 31

digestive compartments of the cells

Answer 31

Lysosomes

Question 32

membranous sacs of hydrolyzed enzymes that can digest macromolecules. shares the food

Answer 32

Lysosomes

Question 33

makes the acidic environment for the lysosomes

Answer 33

lysosomal enzymes

Question 34

enzymes made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 34

hydrolytic and lysosomal enzymes

Question 35

Lysosome's way of digesting food

Answer 35

Phagocytosis

Question 36

diverse maintenance compartments, large vesicles derived from ER and Golgi apparatus

Answer 36

Vacuoles

Question 37

Types of Vacuoles

Answer 37

food vacuole contractile vacuole central vacuole

Question 38

for phagocytosis

Answer 38

food vacuole

Question 39

used by fresh water protists to pump out water from the cell

Answer 39

contractile vacuole

Question 40

native to plants, hold organic compounds and water

Answer 40

central vacuole

Question 41

two organelles tat change energy from one from to another. double membraned, contain free ribos

Answer 41

mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 42

cellular respiration site and uses oxygen to generate atp

Answer 42

mitochondria

Question 43

plants/algae, sites of photosynthesis

Answer 43

chloroplast

Question 44

this is where an early ancestor of eukaryotes engulfed oxygen using non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cells, it evolved to have a mitochondria. it later engulfed a photosynthetic prokaryote which later evolved to have a chloroplast

Answer 44

endosymbiont theory

Question 45

chemical energy conversion, smooth outer membrane

Answer 45

Mitochondria

Question 46

folded inner membrane, intermembrane space, mitochondrial matrix that has free ribosomes

Answer 46

cristae

Question 47

specialized metabolic compartments, produces hydrogen peroxide and convert to water, relation with other organelles is still unknown

Answer 47

peroxisomes

Question 48

network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell. Help support the stages of the cell. help support and maintain the shapes of the cell.

Answer 48

cytoskeleton

Question 49

thickest of the 3 types of cytoskeleton, hollow tubes, maintains the cell shape, cell motility, chromosome movement in cell division, organelle movement.

Answer 49

Microtubules

Question 50

The centrosome has a pair of centrioles. Each with 9 triplets of _____ arranged in a ring

Answer 50

Microtubules

Question 51

Under Microtubules, microtubules control its beating. microtubule-containing extensions that project from some cells

Answer 51

Cilia and flagella

Question 52

motion of flagella

Answer 52

straight line

Question 53

motion of Cilia

Answer 53

uses power stoke and recovery strokes

Question 54

A motor protein, which drives the bending movements of a cilium or flagellum

Answer 54

dynein

Question 55

How dynein "walking" moves cilia and flagella?

Answer 55

Dynein arms alternately grab, move, and release the outer microtubules Protein cross-links limit sliding Forces exerted by dynein arms cause doublets to curve, bending the cilium or flagellum

Question 56

A type of microtubules Actin filaments and the Thinnest. It helps with the Maintenance of cell shape and Changes in cell shape. Muscle contraction and Cell motility. aids in Division of animal cells

Answer 56

Microfilaments

Question 57

A type of microtubules Fibers with diameters in a middle range. Fibrous proteins coiled into cables Helps in the Maintenance of cell shape. Anchorage of nucleus and some other organelles. Formation of nuclear lamina

Answer 57

Intermediate filaments

Question 58

Animal cells lack cell walls but are covered by an elaborate structure made up of glycoproteins such as collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin

Answer 58

Extracellular Matrix of animal cells

Question 59

proteins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane

Answer 59

integrins

Question 60

types of Cell Junctions

Answer 60

Tight Junctions, Desmosomes, Gap Junctions

Question 61

Member of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid

Answer 61

Tight Junctions

Question 62

"anchoring junctions" Fasten cells together into strong sheets

Answer 62

Desmosomes

Question 63

"communicating junctions" Provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells

Answer 63

Gap Junctions