Cell Anatomy

Question 1

3 major parts that can be identified with a light microscope

Answer 1

nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

Question 2

‘control center’ of the cell - contains DNA

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

DNA is dispersed in a threadlike form called _______ when the cell is not dividing

Answer 3

chromatin

Question 4

DNA coils into ________ when the cell is dividing

Answer 4

chromosomes

Question 5

contained within the nucleus and made of proteins and RNA

Answer 5

nucleolus

Question 6

assembly sites for ribosomes within the nucleus

Answer 6

nucleoli

Question 7

membrane binding the nucleus

Answer 7

nuclear envelope

Question 8

permit the passage of protein and RNA molecules through the nuclear envelope

Answer 8

nuclear pores

Question 9

separates cell’s contents from its surrounding environment

Answer 9

plasma membrane

Question 10

main structural building blocks of plasma membrane

Answer 10

phospholipids (fats) & globular protein molecules

Question 11

the plasma membrane only lets certain things in and out of it — this is called ____________________

Answer 11

selective permeability

Question 12

the plasma membrane in some cells takes the form of ________, tiny fingerlike folds

Answer 12

microvilli

Question 13

increase surface area of the cell available

Answer 13

microvilli

Question 14

carbohydrates attached to the plasma membrane

Answer 14

glycocalyx

Question 15

glycocalyx attached to cholesterol

Answer 15

glycolipid

Question 16

glycocalyx attached to integral proteins

Answer 16

glycoprotein

Question 17

two layers of _________, each with a head and tail, make up much of the plasma membrane

Answer 17

phospholipids

Question 18

hydrophilic part of phospholipid

Answer 18

polar head

Question 19

hydrophobic part of phospholipid

Answer 19

nonpolar tail

Question 20

integral proteins are embedded in the __________

Answer 20

lipid bilayer

Question 21

_____________ are embedded in the lipid bilayer

Answer 21

integral proteins

Question 22

proteins attached to the integral proteins, either just outside or just inside the cell

Answer 22

peripheral proteins

Question 23

molecules embedded in the lipid bilayer (yellow in illustration)

Answer 23

cholesterol

Question 24

fluid cytoplasmic material that supports organelles

Answer 24

cytosol

Question 25

"small organs" within the cell

Answer 25

organelles

Question 26

various stuff inside cell (glycogen granules, lipid droplets, crystals, water vacuoles, foreign materials)

Answer 26

inclusions

Question 27

tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein

Answer 27

ribosomes

Question 28

function of ribosomes

Answer 28

sites of protein synthesis

Question 29

membranous system of tubules — studded with ribosomes

Answer 29

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

membranous system of tubules — no ribosomes

Answer 30

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 31

function of rough ER

Answer 31

stores & transports proteins made by ribosomes attached to it

Question 32

function of smooth ER

Answer 32

site of steroid and lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, drug detoxification

Question 33

flattened sacs with bulbous ends found close to nucleus

Answer 33

Golgi apparatus

Question 34

function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 34

packages proteins for export from the cell or to plasma membrane - packages lysosomal enzymes

Question 35

membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes

Answer 35

lysosomes

Question 36

function of lysosomes

Answer 36

digest worn out organelles & foreign materials

Question 37

'suicide sacs' - can destroy cell if ruptured

Answer 37

lysosomes

Question 38

membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes

Answer 38

peroxisomes

Question 39

function of peroxisomes

Answer 39

detoxify alcohol, free radicals, harmful chemicals

Question 40

especially abundant in liver and kidney cells

Answer 40

peroxisomes

Question 41

bodies with a double membrane wall - inner membrane is in folds (cristae)

Answer 41

mitochondria

Question 42

function of mitochondria

Answer 42

produce cellular energy (ATP)

Question 43

ATP stands for _____________

Answer 43

adenosine triphosphate

Question 44

folds in mitochondria's inner membrane

Answer 44

cristae

Question 45

paired cylindrical bodies that lie at right angles to one another

Answer 45

centrioles

Question 46

function of centrioles

Answer 46

direct formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division

Question 47

also called basal bodies

Answer 47

centrioles