Cell Bio Flashcards
(56 cards)
What does the cell theory state?
1) All living things are made up of cells
2) The cell is the smallest unit of life
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells
What are Ribosomes?
Tiny spherical protein factories floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the RER. Like little assembly plants for making all the proteins needed by the cell
What are Lysosomes?
Lysosomes are vesicles containing digestive enzymes. These enzymes may be used to break down food particles, foreign invaders and to eat the cell itself
What is the Cell Wall? What are plant cell walls made of?
It is found outside the cell membrane in plant, bacterial and fungal cells. They are hard, rigid barriers that help provide support and protection for the cell. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
What is Osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane. The concentration of water depends on the amount of solute that is dissolved in the water. More solute means less water. Osmosis moves water from an area of high concentration to low.
What is Diffusion?
The movement of particles of a fluid from an area of high concentration to low continuing until an equilibrium is reached. Diffusion is spontaneous and does not require energy. It can occur in the absence or presence of a membrane
What is Facilitated Diffusion?
When glucose and other molecules are helped across the cell membrane by special trans-membrane proteins. In facilitated diffusion, molecules are transported from and area of high concentration to low and no energy is used but we use proteins.
What is an example of Facilitated Diffusion?
Diabetes is caused by faulty facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells due to a lack of insulin which helps glucose enter the cells
What is active transport?
When trans-membrane proteins pump nutrient molecules or ions across the membrane beyond the point of equilibrium from an area of high concentration to low. The membrane proteins require energy in the form of ATP.
What is Endocytosis?
When large particles move into a cell. It requires the cell to change shape and create a vacuole
What are the two types of endocytosis?
Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
What is Phagocytosis?
This is when the cell takes in large solid particles (ex. Amoeba takes in food and white blood cell envelops bacteria and viruses)
What is Pinocytosis?
This is when the cells takes in a large amount of its liquid (E.C.F)
What is Exocytosis?
This is when cells release large amounts of waste or other cellular products such as hormones into their E.C.F. The substance to be released is stored in a vacuole which then moves to the membrane and empties its contents outside
What is a Hypertonic solution?
When their is more solute outside than inside the cell. More water inside cell, water moves out of cell by osmosis
What is a Hypotonic Solution?
More solute inside cell, more water outside the cell, water moves into the cell by osmosis
What are the cell organelles only found in animal cells?
Lysosomes, centrioles, flagella and cilia
What are the cell structures only found in the plant cell?
Cell wall, large central vacuole and chloroplasts
What is Anaerobic Respiration?
It is how cells make energy without using oxygen
What is Aerobic Respiration?
How cells make energy using oxygen. It breaks down glucose into carbon dioxide and water releasing a lot of ATP (energy)
What is the study of cells called?
Cytology
What is the Cristae important in increasing for the mitochondria to be able to do cellular respiration?
Surface Area
What is the movement of water across a living cell membrane called
Osmosis
What is the release of large molecules out of a cell accomplished by?
Exocytosis
